Development of a computationally efficient, reactive subgrid-scale plume model and the impact in the northeastern United States using increasing levels of chemical detail

1996 ◽  
Vol 101 (D11) ◽  
pp. 16737-16744 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naresh Kumar ◽  
Armistead G. Russell
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Subgrid Scale ◽  
Computationally Efficient ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Plume Model ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Four times out of Europe: serial invasions of the winter moth, Operophtera brumata, to North America

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Andersen ◽  
Nathan Havill ◽  
Adalgisa Caccone ◽  
Joseph Elkinton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Source Population ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Operophtera Brumata ◽  
Winter Moth ◽  
Northern Fennoscandia ◽  
Approximate Bayesian ◽  
The Impact

Reconstructing the geographic origins of invasive species is critical for establishing effective management strategies. Frequently, molecular investigations are undertaken when the source population is not known, however; these analyses are constrained both by the amount of diversity present in the native region and by changes in the genetic background of the invading population following bottlenecks and/or hybridization events. Here we explore the geographical origins of the invasive winter moth (Operopthera brumata L.) that has caused widespread defoliation to forests, orchards, and crops in four discrete regions: Nova Scotia, British Columbia, Oregon, and the northeastern United States. It is not known whether these represent independent introductions to North America, or “stepping stone” spread among regions. Using a combination of Bayesian assignment and approximate Bayesian computation methods, we analyzed a population genetic dataset of 24 polymorphic microsatellite loci. We estimate that winter moth was introduced to North America on at least four occasions, with the Nova Scotian and British Columbian populations likely being introduced from France and Sweden, respectively; the Oregonian population likely being introduced from either the British Isles or northern Fennoscandia; and the population in the northeastern United States likely being introduced from somewhere in Central Europe. To our surprise, we found that hybridization has not played a large role in the establishment of winter moth populations even though previous reports have documented widespread hybridization between winter moth and a native congener. We discuss the impact of genetic bottlenecks on analyses meant to determine region of origin.

scholarly journals Animal Shelters’ Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Pilot Survey of 14 Shelters in the Northeastern United States

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2669
Author(s):  
Lauren Powell ◽  
Caitlin Houlihan ◽  
Martha Stone ◽  
Ilana Gitlin ◽  
Xuke Ji ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Foster Care ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Rank Tests ◽  
Animal Shelters ◽  
Paired Sample ◽  
The Public ◽  
Pilot Survey ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
The Impact

Anecdotal reports indicate that many animal shelters experienced increased adoption and foster care rates during the COVID-19 pandemic, yet peer-reviewed evidence is lacking. In this pilot survey of 14 animal shelters in the Northeastern United States, we aimed to investigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on animal intakes, foster care and five outcome types and describe operational changes reported by shelters in response to COVID-19. Paired sample t-tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used to compare intake, adoption, euthanasia and foster care rates and numbers between March–June 2019 and 2020. The number of dogs and cats that entered shelters was significantly lower during the COVID-19 pandemic compared with the same months of 2019 (t = 3.41, p = 0.01, t = 2.69, p = 0.02). Although the overall rate of adoption and euthanasia did not differ, the numbers adopted and euthanized decreased significantly for both dogs and cats, reflecting the significantly decreased intake. We also found significant variability between shelters. During the pandemic, several shelters sought to expand their foster care networks through operational changes (n = 6) and statements made to the public (n = 7). However, the proportion of dogs and cats housed in foster care did not differ between March–June 2019 and 2020 in our sample. Our findings offer preliminary insights regarding the impact of a worldwide pandemic on the functioning of animal shelters.

scholarly journals Winter Malting Barley Growth, Yield, and Quality following Leguminous Cover Crops in the Northeast United States

Nitrogen ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-427
Author(s):  
Arthur Siller ◽  
Heather Darby ◽  
Alexandra Smychkovich ◽  
Masoud Hashemi
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cover Crops ◽  
Cover Crop ◽  
Growth Yield ◽  
High Price ◽  
Malting Barley ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Crimson Clover ◽  
Sunn Hemp ◽  
The Impact

There is growing interest in malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) production in the Northeastern United States. This crop must meet high quality standards for malting but can command a high price if these quality thresholds are met. A two-year field experiment was conducted from 2015 to 2017 to evaluate the impact of two leguminous cover crops, sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.) and crimson clover (Trifolium incarnatum L.), on subsequent winter malting barley production. Four cover crop treatments—sunn hemp (SH), crimson clover (CC), sunn hemp and crimson clover mixture (SH + CC), and no cover crop (NC)—were grown before planting barley at three seeding rates (300, 350, and 400 seeds m−2). SH and SH + CC produced significantly more biomass and residual nitrogen than the CC and NC treatments. Higher barley seeding rates led to higher seedling density and winter survival. However, the subsequent spring and summer barley growth metrics, yield, and malting quality were not different in any of the treatments. There is much left to investigate in determining the best malting barley production practices in the Northeastern United States, but these results show that winter malting barley can be successfully integrated into crop rotations with leguminous plants without negative impacts on barley growth, yield, and grain quality.

scholarly journals Does Proximity to Wetland Shrubland Increase the Habitat Value for Shrubland Birds of Small Patches of Upland Shrubland in the Northeastern United States?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bill Buffum ◽  
Richard A. McKinney
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Private Landowners ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Bird Species Richness ◽  
Point Counts ◽  
Habitat Value ◽  
Shrubland Birds ◽  
The Impact

The loss of shrubland habitat is linked to population declines for many wildlife species, including several bird species of conservation concern. Conservation agencies in the northeastern United States encourage private landowners to clearcut patches of forest to create shrubland habitat. Many private landowners are only willing to create small clearcuts; therefore, it is important to understand how to maximize the impact of small clearcuts on bird habitat use. In this study we examined whether proximity to wetland shrubland increases the habitat value of small patches of upland shrubland. We conducted point counts at 22 sites containing small patches of upland shrubland ranging in size from 0.1 to 7 ha. Shrubland bird species richness was significantly positively correlated with the proportion of wetland shrubland habitat within 100 m of a site, and with the extent of all shrubland habitat within 100 m, but not with the proportion of upland shrubland. Occupancy modeling indicated that the size of adjacent wetland shrub patches increased occupancy at the sites for five of eight species observed with sufficient rates of detection. Our results suggest that creating clearcuts adjacent to existing areas of wetland shrubland may enhance the habitat value of the patches for shrubland birds.

Development of Hydrologic Concepts in the Northeastern United States

1983 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-168
Author(s):  
Martina Johnson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
The United States ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Mineral Springs ◽  
Erie Canal ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Significant contributions to hydrogeology from the Northeastern United States have resulted from studies of natural phenomena, the occurrence of mineral springs, and two man-made events - the drilling in 1824 of the first fresh water well in the U.S., and the building of the Erie Canal. Development of chemical analytical techniques was prompted by interest in the therapeutic benefits of Saratoga and similar mineral springs, which were used as spas and sources of bottled water. The fundamental concept that the chemical character of ground water is controlled by lithology and by source and movement of water evolved from efforts to explain the origin and chemical differences of springs that were believed to have different medicinal benefits. The first drilled well, at the mouth of the Raritan River, led to the study of saltwater encroachment in the United States. The concept that explains the relationship between freshwater head and the position of the saltwater interface was developed to explain the ebbing and flowing of the well. Although the early hydrologic work was undertaken primarily by chemists and engineers, it was largely the challenge of understanding the position and movement of the saltwater interface that required the talents of geologists from whose studies evolved fundamental hydrogeologic concepts. Even now, evaluation of the role of the zone of dispersion in diagenesis, ore deposition, and geomorphic processes is at the forefront of hydrogeologic research. The building of the Erie Canal demonstrated the delicate ecologic balance of water systems and the need to anticipate the impact of man-made structures on this balance. Hydrologic engineering was advanced during its construction owing to the challenge of controlling the volume of water as well as its depth and velocity.

Abstract P142: The Impact of Regional Socioeconomic Status on Stroke Center Certification in the Northeastern United States

Stroke ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Chapman ◽  
Kurt Yaeger ◽  
J D Mocco
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Stroke Care ◽  
Median Household Income ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Stroke Incidence ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The U.S

Introduction: The northeastern United States has been a national leader in stroke healthcare delivery. The current roster of designated comprehensive, primary, thrombectomy-capable and acute stroke ready centers is the result of respective state initiatives. Access to certified stroke centers (SCs) varies by county as states have widely varied certification processes and typically rely on certifying organizations (COs) to identify stroke centers. Previous research has found an association at the national level between likelihood of stroke certification and local socioeconomic status. Objective: This study describes the relationship between socioeconomic status of patient populations in the Northeast U.S. and their access to quality stroke care by comparing median household income and wealth in counties with and without certified SCs. Methods: Population and median household income for 218 counties in Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island and Vermont were collected from the U.S. Census (2010), stroke epidemiological data were collected from the Center for Disease Control, and Area Deprivation Index (ADI) data (ranked within the U.S.) were collected from the Neighborhood Atlas, a project that quantifies disadvantage. Median household income has been used to quantify local population wealth and ADI to analyze community health risks. Certification data were mined from quality check databases for The Joint Commission and Det Norske Veritas, the most commonly used COs, and yielded 259 certified centers. Linear regression characterized the relationship between income and ADI with number of certified SCs, stroke incidence and stroke mortality. Results: Higher income (p<0.001) and lower ADI (p<0.001) were associated with having more certified SCs (p<0.001). Counties with a higher stroke incidence had significantly more certified SCs (p=0.01). Conclusions: Throughout the counties of the Northeastern U.S., access to quality stroke care depends on local wealth and resources. At the same time, the current analysis indicates that SC certification distribution does appear to correlate to those counties where stroke incidence is highest.

scholarly journals The Impact of GEM and MM5 Modeled Meteorological Conditions on CMAQ Air Quality Modeling Results in Eastern Canada and the Northeastern United States

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 1525-1541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven C. Smyth ◽  
Dazhong Yin ◽  
Helmut Roth ◽  
Weimin Jiang ◽  
Michael D. Moran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Mesoscale Model ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Meteorological Model ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5) is currently the meteorological model most widely used as input into the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) modeling system. In this study, meteorological fields produced by the Global Environmental Multiscale (GEM) meteorological model were compared with those from MM5, and the impact of using the two different modeled datasets as inputs to CMAQ was investigated. Two CMAQ model runs, differing only in meteorological inputs and meteorologically influenced emissions, were conducted for a domain covering eastern Canada and the northeastern United States for a 9-day period in July 1999. Comparison of the two modeled meteorological datasets with surface measurements revealed that GEM and MM5 gave comparable results. For a direct comparison of the two meteorological datasets the differences were small for pressure and temperature but larger for wind speed and relative humidity (RH). The variations in meteorological fields affect emissions and air quality results in differing ways and to differing degrees. The most influential meteorological field on emissions was temperature, which had a minor impact on on-road mobile emissions and a larger impact on biogenic emissions. Performance statistics for O3 and for particulate matter less than 10 μm and less than 2.5 μm (PM10, and PM2.5, respectively) show that GEM-based and MM5-based CMAQ results compare similarly to hourly measurement data, with minor statistical differences. A direct comparison of O3, PM10, PM2.5, and speciated PM2.5 showed that the results correlate to varying degrees and that the differences in RH affect total particulate matter (PM) mass and aerosol species concentrations significantly. Relative humidity affects total particle mass and particle diameters, which in turn affect PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations.

Impact of Domain Size on Modeled Ozone Forecast for the Northeastern United States

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 443-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pius Lee ◽  
Daiwen Kang ◽  
Jeff McQueen ◽  
Marina Tsidulko ◽  
Mary Hart ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Skill Score ◽  
Northeastern United States ◽  
Forecast System ◽  
Air Quality Forecast ◽  
Model Domain ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The U.S

Abstract This study investigates the impact of model domain extent and the specification of lateral boundary conditions on the forecast quality of air pollution constituents in a specific region of interest. A developmental version of the national Air Quality Forecast System (AQFS) has been used in this study. The AQFS is based on the NWS/NCEP Eta Model (recently renamed the North American Mesoscale Model) coupled with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. This coupled Eta–CMAQ modeling system provided experimental air quality forecasts for the northeastern region of the United States during the summers of 2003 and 2004. The initial forecast over the northeastern United States was approved for operational deployment in September 2004. The AQFS will provide forecast coverage for the entire United States in the near future. In a continuing program of phased development to extend the geographical coverage of the forecast, the developmental version of AQFS has undergone two domain expansions. Hereinafter, this “developmental” domain-expanded forecast system AQFS will be dubbed AQFS-β. The current study evaluates the performance of AQFS-β for the northeastern United States using three domain sizes. Quantitative comparisons of forecast results with compiled observation data from the U.S. Aerometric Information Retrieval Now (AIRNOW) network were performed for each model domain, and interdomain comparisons were made for the regions of overlap. Several forecast skill score measures have been employed. Based on the categorical statistical metric of the critical success index, the largest domain achieved the highest skill score. This conclusion should catapult the implementation of the largest domain to attain the best forecast performance whenever the operational resource and criteria permit.

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