Climatological analysis of manually digitized radar data for the United States east of the Rocky Mountains

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 3033-3049 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. L. Baeck ◽  
J. A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
The United States

scholarly journals The Distribution of Glaciers in the Rocky Mountains of the United States

1977 ◽  
Vol 18 (79) ◽  
pp. 325-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Graf
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
The United States ◽  
Aerial Photographs ◽  
Northern Rocky Mountains ◽  
Southern Rocky Mountains

AbstractEvidence from aerial photographs, maps, and field checks indicates that 319 glaciers lie in cirques of the Rocky Mountains, south of the United States-Canadian border. On a subcontinental scale, the distribution of glaciers is highly clustered, with larger and denser clusters located in the northern Rocky Mountains. Lesser concentrations of small glaciers occur in the southern Rocky Mountains. The total area of glaciers in the Rocky Mountains of the U.S.A. is 78.9 km2.

scholarly journals A 5-yr 40-km-Resolution Global Climatology of Superrefraction for Ground-Based Weather Radars

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Lopez
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Electromagnetic Waves ◽  
Vertical Gradient ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Trade Wind ◽  
Late Afternoon ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Radar Images

Abstract The propagation of electromagnetic waves emitted from ground-based meteorological radars is determined by the stratification of the atmosphere. In extreme superrefractive situations characterized by strong temperature inversions or strong vertical gradients of moisture, the radar beam can be deflected toward the ground (ducting or trapping). This phenomenon often results in spurious returned echoes and misinterpretation of radar images such as erroneous precipitation detection. In this work, a 5-yr global climatology of the frequency of superrefractive and ducting conditions and of trapping-layer base height has been produced using refractivity computations from ECMWF temperature, moisture, and pressure analyses at a 40-km horizontal resolution. The aim of this climatology is to better document how frequent such events are, which is a prerequisite for fully benefiting from radar data information for the multiple purposes of model validation, precipitation analysis, and data assimilation. First, the main climatological features are summarized for the whole globe: high- and midlatitude oceans seldom experience superrefraction or ducting whereas tropical oceans are strongly affected, especially in regions where the trade wind inversion is intense and lying near the surface. Over land, seasonal averages of superrefraction (ducting) frequencies reach 80% (40%) over tropical moist areas year-round but remain below 40% (15%) in most other regions. A particular focus is then laid on Europe and the United States, where extensive precipitation radar networks already exist. Seasonal statistics exhibit a pronounced diurnal cycle of ducting occurrences, with averaged frequencies peaking at 60% in summer late afternoon over the eastern half of the United States, the Balkans, and the Po Valley but no ducts by midday. Similarly high ducting frequencies are found over the southwestern coast of the United States at night. A potentially strong reduction of ducting occurrences with increased radar height (especially in midlatitude summer late afternoon) is evidenced by initiating refractivity vertical gradient computations from either the lowest or the second lowest model level. However, installing radar on tall towers also brings other problems, such as a possible amplification of sidelobe clutter echoes.

Revision of Cardiophorus (Coleoptera: Elateridae) species of eastern Canada and United States of America

2003 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hume Douglas
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
The United States ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Eleven Species

AbstractAll Cardiophorus species found in Canada and the United States of America east of the Rocky Mountains are keyed and all but those with the majority of their ranges west of the Rocky Mountains are revised. Eleven species are recognized, three of which are new to science (C. catskillensissp. nov., C. destinensissp. nov., and C. panamapolissp. nov.). Cardiophorus floridae Candèze and C. angustatus Blanchard are synonymized under C. convexus (Say). All 11 are described and taxonomically important characters are presented. Distribution maps are presented for each species. The following lectotypes are designated for species that were described from more than one specimen without former holotype designation: C. angustatus, C. floridae, C. erythropus Erichson, C. gagates Erichson, C. togatus Horn, C. robustus LeConte, C. convexulus LeConte, and C. amictus Melsheimer. The following neotypes were designated to replace destroyed type specimens: C. cardisce (Say) and C. convexus.

scholarly journals Upright Convection in Extratropical Cyclones: A Survey Using Ground‐Based Radar Data Over the United States

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeyavinoth Jeyaratnam ◽  
James F. Booth ◽  
Catherine M. Naud ◽  
Z. Johnny Luo ◽  
Cameron R. Homeyer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Extratropical Cyclones

scholarly journals Precipitation and Fatal Motor Vehicle Crashes: Continental Analysis with High-Resolution Radar Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 (8) ◽  
pp. 1453-1461 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott E. Stevens ◽  
Carl J. Schreck ◽  
Shubhayu Saha ◽  
Jesse E. Bell ◽  
Kenneth E. Kunkel
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Motor Vehicle ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
The United States ◽  
Motor Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Vehicle Crashes ◽  
Fatal Crash ◽  
Fatal Crashes ◽  
High Resolution Radar

AbstractMotor vehicle crashes remain a leading cause of accidental death in the United States, and weather is frequently cited as a contributing factor in fatal crashes. Previous studies have investigated the link between these crashes and precipitation typically using station-based observations that, while providing a good estimate of the prevailing conditions on a given day or hour, often fail to capture the conditions present at the actual time and location of a crash. Using a multiyear, high-resolution radar reanalysis and information on 125,012 fatal crashes spanning the entire continental United States over a 6-yr period, we find that the overall risk of a fatal crash increases by approximately 34% during active precipitation. The risk is significant in all regions of the continental United States, and it is highest during the morning rush hour and during the winter months.

Air Pollution Potential East of the Rocky Mountains: Fall 1959

1961 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 615-620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl M. Boettger
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
Air Sampling ◽  
The United States ◽  
Pollution Potential ◽  
Synoptic Patterns ◽  
High Pollution

The weather over the eastern two-thirds of the United States was monitored, and air pollution potential forecasts were made and disseminated to affected cities. The experiment allowed for air sampling under a variety of synoptic patterns, and the results strengthen the validity of the previously developed criteria as indicators of prolonged periods of two or more days of high air pollution. Other considerations are indicated for the prediction of isolated days (not prolonged periods) of high pollution.

A novel assessment of population structure and gene flow in grey wolf populations of the Northern Rocky Mountains of the United States

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (20) ◽  
pp. 4412-4427 ◽  
Author(s):  
BRIDGETT M. VONHOLDT ◽  
DANIEL R. STAHLER ◽  
EDWARD E. BANGS ◽  
DOUGLAS W. SMITH ◽  
MIKE D. JIMENEZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Rocky Mountains ◽  
The United States ◽  
Grey Wolf ◽  
Northern Rocky Mountains
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