Non-Fickian Ionic Diffusion Across High-Concentration Gradients

1995 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 2213-2218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne E. Carey ◽  
Stephen W. Wheatcraft ◽  
Robert J. Glass ◽  
John P. O'Rourke
Keyword(s):  
Ionic Diffusion ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Concentration Gradients

scholarly journals Tumor microenvironment in focus: LA-ICP-MS bioimaging of a preclinical tumor model upon treatment with platinum(iv)-based anticancer agents

Metallomics ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 1256-1264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Theiner ◽  
Christoph Kornauth ◽  
Hristo P. Varbanov ◽  
Markus Galanski ◽  
Sushilla Van Schoonhoven ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Anticancer Agents ◽  
Tumor Tissue ◽  
Tumor Model ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Concentration Gradients ◽  
Icp Ms

Bioimaging of Pt in tumor tissue exhibited unexpected high concentration gradients, correlating with histologic features.

Characterization of electrical charge separation at the interface of two aqueous solutions in the presence of concentration gradients and cation/anion mobility ratio asymmetry

Open Physics ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Cernescu ◽  
Tudor Luchian
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Processes ◽  
Ionic Mobility ◽  
Electrical Charge ◽  
Diffusion Potential ◽  
Mobility Ratio ◽  
Ionic Diffusion ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
Concentration Gradients ◽  
Diffusion Constants ◽  
Physical Consequences

AbstractPhysical consequences of ionic diffusion processes play a major role on the outcome of electrophysiology experiments due to both their contribution to the ionic transmembrane transport and phenomena taking place at the measuring instruments interface. As most of the time heterogenities in biological media with respect to ionic diffusion constants are disregarded, we intended to look upon the general case of ionic diffusion at the interface of two liquids on which gradients of these diffusion constants no longer can be neglected. We developed a theoretical model for the diffusion potential which emerges at an aqueous interface under gradients of concentration and diffusion constants. The experimental validation of our model was achieved through potential difference measurements of the diffusion potential between two solutions containing sodium chloride (NaCl) and glycerine solutions of various concentrations. Within the studied domain of the electrical charge mobility ratio, we noticed that experimental results are in agreement with the theoretically inferred diffusion potential values. This demonstrates that the resulting relationship for the diffusion potential inferred from our model could be applied for other cases, as well. When the ionic solutions contains an indefinite quantity of glycerine or an unknown substance able to modify diffusion constants of sodium and chloride, it was shown that through measurements of the diffusion potential one can infer the unknown concentration of glycerine and the modified ionic mobility ratio. This, in turn, builds up the foundation for a novel yet simple and efficient analitycal sensing device for quantitative determination in the field.

scholarly journals Formamide deionized accelerates the somatic embryogenesis of Cunninghamia lanceolata

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. e016-e016
Author(s):  
Shichan He ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Somatic Embryogenesis ◽  
Embryogenic Callus ◽  
Somatic Embryos ◽  
Optimal Concentration ◽  
Cunninghamia Lanceolata ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Concentration Gradients ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Forest Farm

Aim of the study: To improve the efficiency of the somatic embryogenesis (SE) in Cunninghamia lanceolata. Area of the study: The study was conducted at Nanjing Forestry University (Nanjing, China). Material and methods: Immature cones of C. lanceolata, genotype 01A1 which was planted in Yangkou State-owned Forest Farm (Fujian, China), were used to induced callus. These calli were used to induce SE, concentration gradients of 0 g/L, 0.01134 g/L, 0.1134 g/L, 1.1134 g/L and 11.34 g/L of FD was added, to explore the optimal concentration for promoting SE of C. lanceolata. Main results: Low concentration of FD promoted the maturation of somatic embryos, while high concentration of FD lead to browning of embryogenic callus. The seedling rate and rooting number of seedlings induced by different concentrations of FD were significantly different. Research highlights: This study may aid in the rapid maturation of C. lanceolata somatic embryos and is useful for accelerated C. lanceolata breeding.

Ras inhibitor CAPRI enables neutrophil-like cells to chemotax through a higher-concentration range of gradients

2021 ◽  
Vol 118 (43) ◽  
pp. e2002162118
Author(s):  
Xuehua Xu ◽  
Xi Wen ◽  
Amer Moosa ◽  
Smit Bhimani ◽  
Tian Jin
Keyword(s):  
Actin Polymerization ◽  
Human Neutrophils ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Concentration Gradients ◽  
Enhanced Sensitivity ◽  
Gpcr Activation ◽  
Ras Activation

Neutrophils sense and migrate through an enormous range of chemoattractant gradients through adaptation. Here, we reveal that in human neutrophils, calcium-promoted Ras inactivator (CAPRI) locally controls the GPCR-stimulated Ras adaptation. Human neutrophils lacking CAPRI (caprikd) exhibit chemoattractant-induced, nonadaptive Ras activation; significantly increased phosphorylation of AKT, GSK-3α/3β, and cofilin; and excessive actin polymerization. caprikd cells display defective chemotaxis in response to high-concentration gradients but exhibit improved chemotaxis in low- or subsensitive-concentration gradients of various chemoattractants, as a result of their enhanced sensitivity. Taken together, our data reveal that CAPRI controls GPCR activation-mediated Ras adaptation and lowers the sensitivity of human neutrophils so that they are able to chemotax through a higher-concentration range of chemoattractant gradients.

scholarly journals Energy coupling to the transport of inorganic phosphate in Escherichia coli K12

1979 ◽  
Vol 178 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Rosenberg ◽  
R G Gerdes ◽  
F M Harold
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Energy Source ◽  
Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Energy Coupling ◽  
Phosphate Transport ◽  
Proton Motive Force ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Concentration Gradients ◽  
Transport Of Inorganic Phosphate ◽  
Pst System

The nature of the energy source for phosphate transport was studied in strains of Escherichia coli in which either one of the two major systems (PIT, PST) for phosphate transport was present. In the PIT system, phosphate transport is coupled to the proton-motive force. The energy source for the PST system appears to be phosphate-bond energy, as has been found in other systems involving binding proteins. High concentration gradients of phosphate (between 100 and 500) are established by both systems.

Modelling Transport and Dispersion of Effluent Outfalls

1992 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 143-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Monteiro ◽  
R. J. Neves ◽  
E. R. Sousa
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Field ◽  
Variable Thickness ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Hydrodynamical Model ◽  
Lagrangian Model ◽  
Far Field ◽  
Initial Thickness ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Concentration Gradients ◽  
Model Based

The accuracy, applicability and limitations of several kinds of models to simulate the dispersion processes are discussed. An Eulerian-lagrangian model based on the advection of particles is presented. This model is particularly adequate to study plumes with high concentration gradients like those developed by outfall discharges. The model uses the velocity field computed by a 2D depth-integrated hydrodynamical model. The linkage of the near and far field solutions is taken into account using particles of variable thickness. The initial thickness is estimated using an empiric relation for the near field depending on the local discharge conditions. Some results are presented and discussed.

scholarly journals Binary Colloidal Nanoparticle Concentration Gradients in a Centrifugal Field at High Concentration

Nano Letters ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 1136-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Xu ◽  
T. Franke ◽  
K. Schilling ◽  
N.A.J.M. Sommerdijk ◽  
H. Cölfen
Keyword(s):  
Nanoparticle Concentration ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Concentration Gradients ◽  
Centrifugal Field
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