Carbonaceous particles and stone damage in a laboratory exposure system

1996 ◽  
Vol 101 (D14) ◽  
pp. 19621-19627 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Sabbioni ◽  
G. Zappia ◽  
G. Gobbi
Keyword(s):  
Exposure System ◽  
Carbonaceous Particles ◽  
Laboratory Exposure

scholarly journals Transient and Sustained Bacterial Adaptation following Repeated Sublethal Exposure to Microbicides and a Novel Human Antimicrobial Peptide

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 5809-5817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Forbes ◽  
Curtis B. Dobson ◽  
Gavin J. Humphreys ◽  
Andrew J. McBain
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Exposure System ◽  
Polyhexamethylene Biguanide ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Induced Changes ◽  
Laboratory Exposure

ABSTRACTMicrobicides (biocides) play an important role in the prevention and treatment of infections. While there is currently little evidence for in-use treatment failures attributable to acquired reductions in microbicide susceptibility, the susceptibility of some bacteria can be reduced by sublethal laboratory exposure to certain agents. In this investigation, a range of environmental bacterial isolates (11 genera, 18 species) were repeatedly exposed to four microbicides (cetrimide, chlorhexidine, polyhexamethylene biguanide [PHMB], and triclosan) and a cationic apolipoprotein E-derived antimicrobial peptide (apoEdpL-W) using a previously validated exposure system. Susceptibilities (MICs and minimum bactericidal concentrations [MBCs]) were determined before and after 10 passages (P10) in the presence of an antimicrobial and then after a further 10 passages without an antimicrobial to determine the stability of any adaptations. Bacteria exhibiting >4-fold increases in MBCs were further examined for alterations in biofilm-forming ability. Following microbicide exposure, ≥4-fold decreases in susceptibility (MIC or MBC) occurred for cetrimide (5/18 bacteria), apoEdpL-W (7/18), chlorhexidine (8/18), PHMB (8/18), and triclosan (11/18). Of the 34 ≥4-fold increases in the MICs, 15 were fully reversible, 13 were partially reversible, and 6 were nonreversible. Of the 26 ≥4-fold increases in the MBCs, 7 were fully reversible, 14 were partially reversible, and 5 were nonreversible. Significant decreases in biofilm formation in P10 strains occurred for apoEdpL-W (1/18 bacteria), chlorhexidine (1/18), and triclosan (2/18), while significant increases occurred for apoEdpL-W (1/18), triclosan (1/18), and chlorhexidine (2/18). These data indicate that the stability of induced changes in microbicide susceptibility varies but may be sustained for some combinations of a bacterium and a microbicide.

scholarly journals A laboratory exposure system to study the effects of aging on super-micron aerosol particles

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Santarpia ◽  
Andres L. Sanchez ◽  
Gabriel Anthony Lucero ◽  
Brandon Lee Servantes ◽  
Joshua Allen Hubbard
Keyword(s):  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Exposure System ◽  
Effects Of Aging ◽  
Laboratory Exposure

scholarly journals Experimental Bleaching of a Reef-Building Coral Using a Simplified Recirculating Laboratory Exposure System

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mace G. Barron ◽  
Cheryl J. McGill ◽  
Lee A. Courtney ◽  
Dragoslav T. Marcovich
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Tissue Loss ◽  
Pocillopora Damicornis ◽  
Critical Research ◽  
Solar Simulator ◽  
Exposure System ◽  
Symbiotic Algae ◽  
Coral Reef Ecosystems ◽  
Radiation Treatments ◽  
Laboratory Exposure

Determining stressor-response relationships in reef building corals continues to be a critical research need due to global declines in coral reef ecosystems and projected declines for the future. A simplified recirculating coral exposure system was coupled to a solar simulator to allow laboratory testing of a diversity of species and morphologies of reef building corals under ecologically relevant conditions of temperature and solar radiation. Combinations of lamps and attenuating filters allowed for assignment of solar radiation treatments in experimental bleaching studies. Three bleaching experiments were performed using the reef building coral,Pocillopora damicornis, to assess the reproducibility of system performance and coral responses under control and stress conditions. Experiments showed consistent temperature- and solar radiation dependent-changes in pigment, numbers of symbiotic algae, photosystem II quantum yield, and tissue loss during exposure and recovery. The laboratory exposure system is recommended for use in experimental bleaching studies with reef building corals.

377. Development of a Novel Robotic Welding Fume Inhalation and Exposure System

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Afshari ◽  
J. Antonini ◽  
S. Stone ◽  
G. Fletcher ◽  
V. Castranova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Welding Fume ◽  
Robotic Welding ◽  
Exposure System

217. Design and Operation of a Popcorn Butter Flavoring Inhalation Exposure System

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Goldsmith ◽  
D. Frazer ◽  
W. McKinney ◽  
W. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Inhalation Exposure ◽  
Exposure System

A Head-Local-Exposure System for Rats Using a Figure-8 Loop Antenna in the 2GHz Band

2011 ◽  
Vol E94-B (6) ◽  
pp. 1757-1760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroki KAWAI ◽  
Kanako WAKE ◽  
Takuji ARIMA ◽  
Soichi WATANABE
Keyword(s):  
Loop Antenna ◽  
Exposure System ◽  
Local Exposure

Application of a real-ambient fine particulate matter exposure system on different animal models

2021 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 64-70
Author(s):  
Yuanyuan Song ◽  
Lifang Zhao ◽  
Zenghua Qi ◽  
Yanhao Zhang ◽  
Guodong Cao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Exposure System ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Particulate Matter Exposure

Modeling of the Transition Layer in Ceramic Matrix Composites from Coal Wastes and Clay

2020 ◽  
Vol 299 ◽  
pp. 37-42
Author(s):  
O.A. Fomina ◽  
Andrey Yu. Stolboushkin
Keyword(s):  
Transition Layer ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ceramic Matrix Composite ◽  
Ceramic Matrix Composites ◽  
Ceramic Matrix ◽  
Coal Waste ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Carbonaceous Particles ◽  
The Core ◽  
Coal Wastes

A model of the transition layer between the shell and the core of a ceramic matrix composite from coal waste and clay has been developed. The chemical, granulometric and mineral compositions of the beneficiation of carbonaceous mudstones and clay were studied. The technological and ceramic properties of raw materials for the samples manufacturing were determined. The method of manufacturing multilayer ceramic samples from coal waste, clay and their mixture is given. The number of transition layers in the contact zone between the clay shell and the core from coal wastes is determined. The deformation and swelling phenomena of model samples from coal wastes, clay, and their mixtures were revealed at the firing temperature of more than 1000 °C. The formation of a reducing ambient in the center of the sample with insufficient air flow is shown. The influence of the carbonaceous particles amount and the ferrous form iron oxide in the coal wastes on the processes of expansion of multilayer samples during firing has been established.

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