Stratospheric loading and optical depth estimates of explosive volcanism over the last 2100 years derived from the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 ice core

1995 ◽  
Vol 100 (D10) ◽  
pp. 20937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory A. Zielinski
Keyword(s):  
Optical Depth ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
Explosive Volcanism

scholarly journals How warm was Greenland during the last interglacial period?

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1933-1948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amaelle Landais ◽  
Valérie Masson-Delmotte ◽  
Emilie Capron ◽  
Petra M. Langebroek ◽  
Pepijn Bakker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
Water Isotopes ◽  
Interglacial Period ◽  
Last Interglacial ◽  
Last Interglacial Period ◽  
Ice Sheet Topography ◽  
North Greenland

Abstract. The last interglacial period (LIG, ∼ 129–116 thousand years ago) provides the most recent case study of multimillennial polar warming above the preindustrial level and a response of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets to this warming, as well as a test bed for climate and ice sheet models. Past changes in Greenland ice sheet thickness and surface temperature during this period were recently derived from the North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling (NEEM) ice core records, northwest Greenland. The NEEM paradox has emerged from an estimated large local warming above the preindustrial level (7.5 ± 1.8 °C at the deposition site 126 kyr ago without correction for any overall ice sheet altitude changes between the LIG and the preindustrial period) based on water isotopes, together with limited local ice thinning, suggesting more resilience of the real Greenland ice sheet than shown in some ice sheet models. Here, we provide an independent assessment of the average LIG Greenland surface warming using ice core air isotopic composition (δ15N) and relationships between accumulation rate and temperature. The LIG surface temperature at the upstream NEEM deposition site without ice sheet altitude correction is estimated to be warmer by +8.5 ± 2.5 °C compared to the preindustrial period. This temperature estimate is consistent with the 7.5 ± 1.8 °C warming initially determined from NEEM water isotopes but at the upper end of the preindustrial period to LIG temperature difference of +5.2 ± 2.3 °C obtained at the NGRIP (North Greenland Ice Core Project) site by the same method. Climate simulations performed with present-day ice sheet topography lead in general to a warming smaller than reconstructed, but sensitivity tests show that larger amplitudes (up to 5 °C) are produced in response to prescribed changes in sea ice extent and ice sheet topography.

scholarly journals Greenland ice sheet contribution to sea level rise during the last interglacial period: a modelling study driven and constrained by ice core data

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 353-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Quiquet ◽  
C. Ritz ◽  
H. J. Punge ◽  
D. Salas y Mélia
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
Interglacial Period ◽  
Last Interglacial ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Orbital Configuration ◽  
Global Sea Level

Abstract. As pointed out by the forth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC-AR4 (Meehl et al., 2007), the contribution of the two major ice sheets, Antarctica and Greenland, to global sea level rise, is a subject of key importance for the scientific community. By the end of the next century, a 3–5 °C warming is expected in Greenland. Similar temperatures in this region were reached during the last interglacial (LIG) period, 130–115 ka BP, due to a change in orbital configuration rather than to an anthropogenic forcing. Ice core evidence suggests that the Greenland ice sheet (GIS) survived this warm period, but great uncertainties remain about the total Greenland ice reduction during the LIG. Here we perform long-term simulations of the GIS using an improved ice sheet model. Both the methodologies chosen to reconstruct palaeoclimate and to calibrate the model are strongly based on proxy data. We suggest a relatively low contribution to LIG sea level rise from Greenland melting, ranging from 0.7 to 1.5 m of sea level equivalent, contrasting with previous studies. Our results suggest an important contribution of the Antarctic ice sheet to the LIG highstand.

scholarly journals The Debris-Laden Ice at the Bottom of the Greenland Ice Sheet

1979 ◽  
Vol 23 (89) ◽  
pp. 193-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Herron ◽  
Hoar ◽  
Chester C. Langway
Keyword(s):  
Ice Core ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
High Deformation ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Free Zone ◽  
The Core ◽  
Oxidation Of Methane ◽  
Particle Aggregates ◽  
Glacier Ice

AbstractThe Camp Century, Greenland, ice core was recovered from a bore hole which extended 1 375 m from the surface of the Greenland ice sheet to the ice/sub-ice interface. The bottom 15.7 m of the core contain over 300 alternating bands of clear and debris-laden ice. The size of the included debris ranges from particles less than 2 μm in diameter to particle aggregates which are a maximum of 3 cm in diameter: the average debris concentration is 0.24ºº by weight. The debris size, concentration, and composition indicate that the debris originates from the till-like material directly below the debris-laden ice. The total gas concentration averages 51 ml/kg ice compared to the average of 101 ml/kg ice for the top 1 340 m. The gas composition of debris-bearing ice has apparently been modified by the oxidation of methane as reflected by traces of methane, high CO2 levels, and low O2 levels with respect to atmospheric air. Argon, which is not affected by the oxidation, shows an enrichment in samples with lower gas concentrations. Both the low gas concentrations in the debris-laden zone and the argon enrichment may be explained by the downward diffusion of gases from bubbly glacier ice into an originally bubble-free zone of refrozen debris-laden ice. Ice texture and ice-fabric analyses reveal extremely fine-grained ice and highly preferred crystal orientation in the lowermost 10 m of the core, indicating a zone of high deformation.

scholarly journals How Will Sea Ice Loss Affect the Greenland Ice Sheet?

Eos ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco S. R. Pausata ◽  
Allegra LeGrande ◽  
William Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet

On the Puzzling Features of Greenland Ice-Core Isotopic Composition; Copenhagen, Denmark, 26–28 October 2015

scholarly journals Tracer transport in an isochronal ice-sheet model

2016 ◽  
Vol 63 (237) ◽  
pp. 22-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
ANDREAS BORN
Keyword(s):  
Ice Core ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Vertical Motion ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
Ice Cores ◽  
Model Parameters ◽  
Tracer Transport ◽  
Geochemical Tracers ◽  
Tuning Method ◽  
Polar Ice Sheets

ABSTRACTThe full history of ice sheet and climate interactions is recorded in the vertical profiles of geochemical tracers in polar ice sheets. Numerical simulations of these archives promise great advances both in the interpretation of these reconstructions and the validation of the models themselves. However, fundamental mathematical shortcomings of existing models subject tracers to spurious diffusion, thwarting straightforward solutions. Here, I propose a new vertical discretization for ice-sheet models that eliminates numerical diffusion entirely. Vertical motion through the model mesh is avoided by mimicking the real-world flow of ice as a thinning of underlying layers. A new layer is added to the surface at equidistant time intervals, isochronally, thus identifying each layer uniquely by its time of deposition and age. This new approach is implemented for a two-dimensional section through the summit of the Greenland ice sheet. The ability to directly compare simulations of vertical ice cores with reconstructed data is used to find optimal model parameters from a large ensemble of simulations. It is shown that because this tuning method uses information from all times included in the ice core, it constrains ice-sheet sensitivity more robustly than a realistic reproduction of the modern ice-sheet surface.

Time Scale and Ice Accumulation During the Last 125,000 Years as Indicated by the Greenland 018 curve

1972 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. A. Mörner
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Time Scales ◽  
Time Scale ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet ◽  
Climatic Changes ◽  
Dynamic Changes ◽  
Ice Accumulation

SummaryThe 18 curve from the 1390 m long ice core from Camp Century, Greenland, shows climatic changes that are easily correlated with known glacial and non-glacial events of North America and north Europe and are thus indirectly dated. With a known chronology, the glacial dynamic changes of the Greenland Ice Sheet can be calculated for the last 125,000 years. It is concluded that the dynamics of the Greenland Ice Sheet have changed drastically during this period and that these changes are directly related to major changes of climate and extension of the Wisconsin and Weichselian glaciations. Logarithmic time scales earlier applied to this curve must therefore be incorrect.

scholarly journals Glacial/interglacial changes in the isotopes of nitrate from the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) ice core

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredith G. Hastings ◽  
Daniel M. Sigman ◽  
Eric J. Steig
Keyword(s):  
Ice Core ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet

scholarly journals Effects of postdepositional processing on nitrogen isotopes of nitrate in the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 ice core

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (13) ◽  
pp. 5346-5354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lei Geng ◽  
Maria C. Zatko ◽  
Becky Alexander ◽  
T. J. Fudge ◽  
Andrew J. Schauer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Isotopes ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet

scholarly journals Physical and structural properties of the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 ice core: A review

1997 ◽  
Vol 102 (C12) ◽  
pp. 26559-26575 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Gow ◽  
D. A. Meese ◽  
R. B. Alley ◽  
J. J. Fitzpatrick ◽  
S. Anandakrishnan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Properties ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Ice Sheet ◽  
Greenland Ice Sheet
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