Seismic velocity structure and composition of the continental crust: A global view

1995 ◽  
Vol 100 (B6) ◽  
pp. 9761-9788 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikolas I. Christensen ◽  
Walter D. Mooney
Keyword(s):  
Continental Crust ◽  
Velocity Structure ◽  
Seismic Velocity ◽  
Seismic Velocity Structure ◽  
Global View

scholarly journals Seismic velocity structure at the southern termination of the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake rupture, Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuhira Aoyagi ◽  
Haruo Kimura ◽  
Kazuo Mizoguchi
Keyword(s):  
Fault Zone ◽  
Velocity Structure ◽  
Seismic Velocity ◽  
Earthquake Rupture ◽  
2016 Kumamoto Earthquake ◽  
Seismic Velocity Structure ◽  
Kumamoto Earthquake ◽  
Seismogenic Layer ◽  
The 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake ◽  
Tectonic Line

Abstract The earthquake rupture termination mechanism and size of the ruptured area are crucial parameters for earthquake magnitude estimations and seismic hazard assessments. The 2016 Mw 7.0 Kumamoto Earthquake, central Kyushu, Japan, ruptured a 34-km-long area along previously recognized active faults, eastern part of the Futagawa fault zone and northernmost part of the Hinagu fault zone. Many researchers have suggested that a magma chamber under Aso Volcano terminated the eastward rupture. However, the termination mechanism of the southward rupture has remained unclear. Here, we conduct a local seismic tomographic inversion using a dense temporary seismic network to detail the seismic velocity structure around the southern termination of the rupture. The compressional-wave velocity (Vp) results and compressional- to shear-wave velocity (Vp/Vs) structure indicate several E–W- and ENE–WSW-trending zonal anomalies in the upper to middle crust. These zonal anomalies may reflect regional geological structures that follow the same trends as the Oita–Kumamoto Tectonic Line and Usuki–Yatsushiro Tectonic Line. While the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake rupture mainly propagated through a low-Vp/Vs area (1.62–1.74) along the Hinagu fault zone, the southern termination of the earthquake at the focal depth of the mainshock is adjacent to a 3-km-diameter high-Vp/Vs body. There is a rapid 5-km step in the depth of the seismogenic layer across the E–W-trending velocity boundary between the low- and high-Vp/Vs areas that corresponds well with the Rokkoku Tectonic Line; this geological boundary is the likely cause of the dislocation of the seismogenic layer because it is intruded by serpentinite veins. A possible factor in the southern rupture termination of the 2016 Kumamoto Earthquake is the existence of a high-Vp/Vs body in the direction of southern rupture propagation. The provided details of this inhomogeneous barrier, which are inferred from the seismic velocity structures, may improve future seismic hazard assessments for a complex fault system composed of multiple segments.

Seismic velocity structure and gravity anomalies: a comparison

1987 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-120
Author(s):  
Yoshibumi Tomoda ◽  
Hiromi Fujimoto
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Structure ◽  
Seismic Velocity ◽  
Gravity Anomalies ◽  
Seismic Velocity Structure

What Is Fling Step? Its Theory, Simulation Method, and Applications to Strong Ground Motion near Surface Fault Ruptures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiaki Hisada ◽  
Shinya Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Velocity Structure ◽  
Seismic Velocity ◽  
Strong Motion ◽  
Theoretical Method ◽  
Simulation Method ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Seismic Velocity Structure ◽  
Strong Motion Records ◽  
Near Fault ◽  
Fling Step

ABSTRACT We present the theory of the fling step and a theoretical method for simulating accurately the near-fault strong motions, and apply it to reproduce various strong-motion records near surface faults. Theoretically, the fling step is the contribution of the static Green’s function in the representation theorem (Hisada and Bielak, 2003), and we show that this theory holds for any seismic velocity structure. We first demonstrate the validity of this theory using theoretical solutions of a circular fault model in a homogeneous full-space. Next, we apply the theory to layered half-spaces, present a theoretical method based on the wavenumber integration method, and introduce various techniques to simulate the near-fault ground motions including fling steps with high accuracy. Finally, we demonstrate the effectiveness of the method by reproducing various strong-motion records near surface fault ruptures and discuss the characteristics of near-fault strong motions including the fling step and the forward directivity pulse. We made all of the software and data used in this article available on the internet.

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