scholarly journals Factors influencing atmospheric composition over subarctic North America during summer

1994 ◽  
Vol 99 (D1) ◽  
pp. 1887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven C. Wofsy ◽  
S.-M. Fan ◽  
D. R. Blake ◽  
J. D. Bradshaw ◽  
S. T. Sandholm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Factors Influencing

scholarly journals Atmospheric mercury measurements onboard the CARIBIC passenger aircraft

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 2291-2302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franz Slemr ◽  
Andreas Weigelt ◽  
Ralf Ebinghaus ◽  
Hans H. Kock ◽  
Jan Bödewadt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Atmospheric Mercury ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Civil Aircraft ◽  
Passenger Aircraft

Abstract. Goal of the project CARIBIC (Civil Aircraft for the Regular Investigation of the atmosphere Based on an Instrumented Container) is to carry out regular and detailed observations of atmospheric composition (particles and gases) at cruising altitudes of passenger aircraft, i.e. at 9–12 km. Mercury has been measured since May 2005 by a modified Tekran instrument (Tekran Model 2537 A analyser, Tekran Inc., Toronto, Canada) during monthly intercontinental flights between Europe and South and North America, Africa, and Asia. Here we describe the instrument modifications, the post-flight processing of the raw instrument signal, and the fractionation experiments.

Factors Influencing Mercury in Freshwater Surface Sediments of Northeastern North America

Ecotoxicology ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 101-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil C Kamman ◽  
Ann Chalmers ◽  
Thomas A. Clair ◽  
Andrew Major ◽  
Richard B. Moore ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Surface Sediments ◽  
Northeastern North America ◽  
Factors Influencing

Latitudinal Comparisons of Walleye Growth in North America and Factors Influencing Growth of Walleyes in Kansas Reservoirs

2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 677-692 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Quist ◽  
Christopher S. Guy ◽  
Randall D. Schultz ◽  
James L. Stephen
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Factors Influencing

scholarly journals Oceanic dispersal, vicariance and human introduction shaped the modern distribution of the termites Reticulitermes , Heterotermes and Coptotermes

2016 ◽  
Vol 283 (1827) ◽  
pp. 20160179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Bourguignon ◽  
Nathan Lo ◽  
Jan Šobotník ◽  
David Sillam-Dussès ◽  
Yves Roisin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Historical Biogeography ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
Ecological Traits ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Modern Distribution ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Replacement Reproductives ◽  
Human Introduction

Reticulitermes , Heterotermes and Coptotermes form a small termite clade with partly overlapping distributions. Although native species occur across all continents, the factors influencing their distribution are poorly known. Here, we reconstructed the historical biogeography of these termites using mitochondrial genomes of species collected on six continents. Our analyses showed that Reticulitermes split from Heterotermes + Coptotermes at 59.5 Ma (49.9–69.5 Ma 95% CI), yet the oldest split within Reticulitermes (Eurasia and North America) is 16.1 Ma (13.4–19.5 Ma) and the oldest split within Heterotermes + Coptotermes is 36.0 Ma (33.9–40.5 Ma). We detected 14 disjunctions between biogeographical realms, all of which occurred within the last 34 Ma, not only after the break-up of Pangaea, but also with the continents in similar to current positions. Land dispersal over land bridges explained four disjunctions, oceanic dispersal by wood rafting explained eight disjunctions, and human introduction was the source of two recent disjunctions. These wood-eating termites, therefore, appear to have acquired their modern worldwide distribution through multiple dispersal processes, with oceanic dispersal and human introduction favoured by the ecological traits of nesting in wood and producing replacement reproductives.

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