Satellite observations of a polar low over the Norwegian Sea by special sensor microwave imager, Geosat, and TIROS-N operational vertical sounder

1993 ◽  
Vol 98 (C8) ◽  
pp. 14487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal Claud ◽  
Nelly M. Mognard ◽  
Kristina B. Katsaros ◽  
Alain Chedin ◽  
Noelle A. Scott
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Norwegian Sea ◽  
Polar Low ◽  
Microwave Imager

Targeted observations of a polar low in the Norwegian Sea

2011 ◽  
Vol 137 (660) ◽  
pp. 1688-1699 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. Irvine ◽  
S. L. Gray ◽  
J. Methven
Keyword(s):  
Norwegian Sea ◽  
Polar Low ◽  
Targeted Observations

Report of a Workshop on Theoretical and Observational Studies of Polar Lows” of the European Geophysical Society Polar Lows Working Group

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (11) ◽  
pp. 2643-2658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunther Heinemann ◽  
Chantal Claud
Keyword(s):  
Observational Studies ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
The United States ◽  
Weddell Sea ◽  
Polar Lows ◽  
Norwegian Sea ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Polar Low ◽  
Working Groups ◽  
Northern And Southern Hemispheres

A workshop on theoretical and observational studies of polar lows was held in St. Petersburg, Russia, 23–26 September 1996. An international group with scientists and students from Canada, Denmark, Germany, Norway, Russia, the United Kingdom, and the United States participated in the workshop. The papers presented covered the fields of climatological studies, studies using numerical models, and satellite studies for the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. Two polar low cases were investigated in more detail during working groups sessions: The polar low “Le Cygne” occurring 13–16 October 1993 over the Norwegian Sea, and a Southern Hemisphere polar low occurring 30 July–1 August 1986 over the Weddell Sea. Programs related to polar low research were presented in order to coordinate the international efforts in investigating polar mesocyclones. The workshop showed the progress achieved by using 1) the synergetic combination of the satellite data presently available, and 2) mesoscale numerical models for the understanding of the development and the physical processes of polar mesocyclones.

The full life cycle of a polar low over the Norwegian Sea observed by three research aircraft flights

2011 ◽  
Vol 137 (660) ◽  
pp. 1659-1673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Føre ◽  
Jón Egill Kristjánsson ◽  
Øyvind Saetra ◽  
Øyvind Breivik ◽  
Bjørn Røsting ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Norwegian Sea ◽  
Full Life Cycle ◽  
Research Aircraft ◽  
Polar Low ◽  
Full Life

scholarly journals A Midlatitude Precipitating Cloud Database Validated with Satellite Observations

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 1337-1353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Pierre Chaboureau ◽  
Nathalie Söhne ◽  
Jean-Pierre Pinty ◽  
Ingo Meirold-Mautner ◽  
Eric Defer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mesoscale Model ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Precipitation Event ◽  
Rhine River ◽  
Brightness Temperatures ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Good Reproduction ◽  
Microwave Sounding ◽  
Correct Location ◽  
Microwave Imager

Abstract The simulations of five midlatitude precipitating events by the nonhydrostatic mesoscale model Méso-NH are analyzed. These cases cover contrasted precipitation situations from 30° to 60°N, which are typical of midlatitudes. They include a frontal case with light precipitation over the Rhine River area (10 February 2000), a long-lasting precipitation event at Hoek van Holland, Netherlands (19 September 2001), a moderate rain case over the Elbe (12 August 2002), an intense rain case over Algiers (10 November 2001), and the “millennium storm” in the United Kingdom (30 October 2000). The physically consistent hydrometeor and thermodynamic outputs are used to generate a database for cloud and precipitation retrievals. The hydrometeor vertical profiles that were generated vary mostly with the 0°C isotherm, located between 1 and 3 km in height depending on the case. The characteristics of this midlatitude database are complementary to the GPROF database, which mostly concentrates on tropical situations. The realism of the simulations is evaluated against satellite observations by comparing synthetic brightness temperatures (BTs) with Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU), Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I), and Meteosat observations. The good reproduction of the BT distributions by the model is exploited by calculating categorical scores for verification purposes. The comparison with 3-hourly Meteosat observations demonstrates the ability of the model to forecast the time evolution of the cloud cover, the latter being better predicted for the stratiform cases than for others. The comparison with AMSU-B measurements shows the skill of the model to predict rainfall at the correct location.

scholarly journals Polar low le Cygne: Satellite observations and numerical simulations

2004 ◽  
Vol 130 (598) ◽  
pp. 1075-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chantal Claud ◽  
Guenther Heinemann ◽  
Elmer Raustein ◽  
Lynn McMurdie
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Polar Low

Land Surface Microwave Emissivities over the Globe for a Decade

2006 ◽  
Vol 87 (11) ◽  
pp. 1573-1584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Prigent ◽  
Filipe Aires ◽  
William B. Rossow
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Incidence Angle ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Vegetation Density ◽  
Surface Emissivity ◽  
Ancillary Data ◽  
Land Surface Emissivity ◽  
Satellite Signal ◽  
Microwave Imager

Microwave land surface emissivities have been calculated over the globe for ~10 yr between 19 and 85 GHz at 53° incidence angle for both orthogonal polarizations, using satellite observations from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I). Ancillary data (IR satellite observations and meteorological reanalysis) help remove the contribution from the atmosphere, clouds, and rain from the measured satellite signal and separate surface temperature from emissivity variations. The method to calculate the emissivity is general and can be applied to other sensors. The monthly mean emissivities are available for the community, with a 0.25° × 0.25° spatial resolution. The emissivities are sensitive to variations of the vegetation density, the soil moisture, the presence of standing water at the surface, or the snow behavior, and can help characterize the land surface properties. These emissivities (not illustrated in this paper) also allow for improved atmospheric retrieval over land and can help evaluate land surface emissivity models at global scales.

scholarly journals Interannual variations of snowmelt and refreeze timing on southeast-Alaskan icefields, U.S.A.

2003 ◽  
Vol 49 (164) ◽  
pp. 102-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan M. Ramage ◽  
Bryan L. Isacks
Keyword(s):  
Interannual Variability ◽  
High Amplitude ◽  
Satellite Observations ◽  
Interannual Variations ◽  
Season Length ◽  
Diurnal Amplitude ◽  
Brightness Temperatures ◽  
Glacier Melt ◽  
Microwave Imager ◽  
Low Amplitude

AbstractTwice-daily satellite observations from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) indicate melt onset and refreeze on southeast-Alaskan icefields. Melt and refreeze are based on 37 GHz vertically polarized brightness temperatures (Tb) and diurnal-amplitude variations (DAV). Two types of melt regime have different summer characteristics. Onset is characterized by increasing average daily Tb and a switch from low- to high-amplitude DAV. Melt timing, calibrated using Juneau Icefield temperatures, correlates well with nearby stream hydrographs. Some pixels maintain high Tb throughout the melt season and return to low-amplitude DAV after melt onset. Refreeze on these pixels is identified by decrease in Tb and accompanying high-amplitude DAV. Other pixels maintain high DAV throughout the summer, indicating nocturnal refreeze. Fall refreeze is determined by the end of high-amplitude DAV. Interannual variability in melt timing and ablation-season length is high. Melt onset and refreeze timing show a regional tendency toward earlier glacier-melt onset and longer ablation seasons from 1988–98.

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