Continuous lidar measurements of stratospheric aerosols and ozone after the Pinatubo eruption. Part I: Dial ozone retrieval in presence of stratospheric aerosol layers

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (24) ◽  
pp. 2865-2868 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonso D‧Altorio ◽  
Fabrizio Masci ◽  
Vincenzo Rizi ◽  
Guido Visconti ◽  
Enzo Boschi
Keyword(s):  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Lidar Measurements ◽  
Pinatubo Eruption ◽  
Stratospheric Aerosols

Comparing simultaneous stratospheric aerosol and ozone lidar measurements with SAGE II data after the Mount Pinatubo Eruption

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (14) ◽  
pp. 1881-1884 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. K. Yue ◽  
L. R. Poole ◽  
M. P. McCormick ◽  
R. E. Veiga ◽  
P.-H. Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Mount Pinatubo ◽  
Lidar Measurements ◽  
Pinatubo Eruption

scholarly journals Chemistry-climate model simulations of the Mt. Pinatubo eruption using CCMI and CMIP6 stratospheric aerosol data

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Revell ◽  
Andrea Stenke ◽  
Beiping Luo ◽  
Stefanie Kremser ◽  
Eugene Rozanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Stratosphere ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Radiative Properties ◽  
Gap Filling ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Model Simulations ◽  
Ozone Loss ◽  
Pinatubo Eruption ◽  
Climate Model Simulations

Abstract. To simulate the impacts of volcanic eruptions on the stratosphere, chemistry-climate models that do not include an online aerosol module require temporally and spatially resolved aerosol size parameters for heterogeneous chemistry and aerosol radiative properties as a function of wavelength. For phase 1 of the Chemistry-Climate Model Initiative (CCMI-1) and, later, for phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) two such stratospheric aerosol data sets were compiled, whose functional capability and representativeness are compared here. For CCMI-1, the SAGE-4λ data set was compiled, which hinges on the measurements at four wavelengths of the SAGE (Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment) II satellite instrument and uses ground-based Lidar measurements for gap-filling immediately after the Mt. Pinatubo eruption, when the stratosphere was optically opaque for SAGE II. For CMIP6, the new SAGE-3λ data set was compiled, which excludes the least reliable SAGE II wavelength and uses CLAES (Cryogenic Limb Array Etalon Spectrometer) measurements on UARS, the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite, for gap-filling following the Mt. Pinatubo eruption instead of ground-based Lidars. Here, we performed SOCOLv3 (Solar Climate Ozone Links version 3) chemistry-climate model simulations of the recent past (1986–2005) to investigate the impact of the Mt. Pinatubo eruption in 1991 on stratospheric temperature and ozone and how this response differs depending on which aerosol data set is applied. The use of SAGE-4λ results in heating and ozone loss being overestimated in the lower stratosphere compared to observations in the post-eruption period by approximately 3 K and 0.2 ppmv, respectively. However, less heating occurs in the model simulations based on SAGE-3λ, because the improved gap-filling procedures after the eruption lead to less aerosol loading in the tropical lower stratosphere. As a result, simulated temperature anomalies in the model simulations based on SAGE-3λ for CMIP6 are in excellent agreement with MERRA and ERA-Interim reanalyses in the post-eruption period. Less heating in the simulations with SAGE-3λ means that the rate of tropical upwelling does not strengthen as much as it does in the simulations with SAGE-4λ, which limits dynamical uplift of ozone and therefore provides more time for ozone to accumulate in tropical mid-stratospheric air. Ozone loss following the Mt. Pinatubo eruption is overestimated by 0.1 ppmv in the model simulations based on SAGE-3λ, which is a better agreement with observations than in the simulations based on SAGE-4λ. Overall, the CMIP6 stratospheric aerosol data set, SAGE-3λ, allows SOCOLv3 to more accurately simulate the post-Pinatubo eruption period.

scholarly journals Enhancement of stratospheric aerosols after solar proton event

1996 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 1119-1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. I. Shumilov ◽  
E. A. Kasatkina ◽  
K. Henriksen ◽  
E. V. Vashenyuk
Keyword(s):  
Considerable Increase ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Solar Proton ◽  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Nucleation Mechanism ◽  
Solar Proton Event ◽  
Proton Event ◽  
Aerosol Layer ◽  
Event Type ◽  
Lidar Measurements

Abstract. The lidar measurements at Verhnetulomski observatory (68.6°N, 31.8°E) at Kola peninsula detected a considerable increase of stratospheric aerosol concentration after the solar proton event of GLE (ground level event) type on the 16/02/84. This increase was located at precisely the same altitude range where the energetic solar protons lost their energy in the atmosphere. The aerosol layer formed precipitated quickly (1–2 km per day) during 18, 19, and 20 February 1984, and the increase of R(H) (backscattering ratio) at 17 km altitude reached 40% on 20/02/84. We present the model calculation of CN (condensation nuclei) altitude distribution on the basis of an ion-nucleation mechanism, taking into account the experimental energy distribution of incident solar protons. The meteorological situation during the event was also investigated.

scholarly journals Ship-borne lidar measurements showing the progression of the tropical reservoir of volcanic aerosol after the June 1991 Pinatubo eruption

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan-Carlos Antuña-Marrero ◽  
Graham W. Mann ◽  
Philippe Keckhut ◽  
Sergey Avdyushin ◽  
Bruno Nardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Layer ◽  
Extinction Ratio ◽  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Original Text ◽  
Aerosol Extinction ◽  
Volcanic Aerosol ◽  
Tropical Reservoir ◽  
Aerosol Cloud ◽  
Pinatubo Eruption ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract. A key limitation of volcanic forcing datasets for the Pinatubo period, is the large uncertainty that remains with respect to the extent of the optical depth of the Pinatubo aerosol cloud in the first year after the eruption, the saturation of the SAGE-II instrument restricting it to only be able to measure the upper part of the aerosol cloud in the tropics. Here we report the recovery of stratospheric aerosol measurements from two ship-borne lidars, both of which measured the tropical reservoir of volcanic aerosol produced by the June 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption. The lidars were on-board two Soviet vessels, each ship crossing the Atlantic, their measurement datasets providing unique observational transects of the Pinatubo cloud across the tropics from Europe to the Caribbean (~ 40° N to 8° N) from July to September 1991 (the Prof Zubov ship) and from Europe to south of the Equator (8° S to ~ 40° N) between January and February 1992 (the Prof Vize ship). Our philosophy with the data recovery is to follow the same algorithms and parameters appearing in the two peer-reviewed articles that presented these datasets in the same issue of GRL in 1993, and here we provide all 48 lidar soundings made from the Prof. Zubov, and 11 of the 20 conducted from the Prof. Vize, ensuring we have reproduced the aerosols backscatter and extinction values in the Figures of those two papers. These original approaches used thermodynamic properties from the CIRA-86 standard atmosphere to derive the molecular backscattering, vertically and temporally constant values applied for the aerosol backscatter to extinction ratio and the correction factor of the aerosols backscattering wavelength dependence. We demonstrate this initial validation of the recovered stratospheric aerosol extinction profiles, providing full details of each dataset in this paper's Supplement S1, the original text files of the backscatter ratio, the calculated aerosols backscatter and extinction profiles. We anticipate the data providing potential new observational case studies for modelling analyses, including a 1-week series of consecutive soundings (in September 1991) at the same location showing the progression of the entrainment of part of the Pinatubo plume into the upper troposphere and the formation of an associated cirrus cloud. The Zubov lidar dataset illustrates how the tropically confined Pinatubo aerosol cloud transformed from a highly heterogeneous vertical structure in August 1991, maximum aerosol extinction values around 19 km for the lower layer and 23–24 for the upper layer, to a more homogeneous and deeper reservoir of volcanic aerosol in September 1991. We encourage modelling groups to consider new analyses of the Pinatubo cloud, comparing to the recovered datasets, with the potential to increase our understanding of the evolution of the Pinatubo aerosol cloud and its effects. Data described in this work are available at https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.912770 (Antuña-Marrero et al., 2020).

scholarly journals Quasi-biennial oscillation of the tropical stratospheric aerosol layer

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 5557-5584 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Hommel ◽  
C. Timmreck ◽  
M. A. Giorgetta ◽  
H. F. Graf
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Static Balance ◽  
Aerosol Layer ◽  
Mixing Ratio ◽  
Quasi Biennial Oscillation ◽  
Mixing Ratios ◽  
Vertical Extent ◽  
Biennial Oscillation ◽  
Stratospheric Aerosols

Abstract. This study describes how aerosol in an aerosol-coupled climate model of the middle atmosphere is influenced by the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) during times when the stratosphere is largely unperturbed by volcanic material. In accordance with satellite observations, the vertical extent of the stratospheric aerosol layer in the tropics is modulated by the QBO by up to 6 km, or ~ 35% of its mean vertical extent between 100–7 hPa (about 16–33 km). Its largest vertical extent lags behind the occurrence of strongest QBO westerlies. The largest reduction lags behind maximum QBO easterlies. Strongest QBO signals in the aerosol surface area (30 %) and number densities (up to 100% e.g. in the Aitken mode) are found in regions where aerosol evaporates, that is above the 10 hPa pressure level (~ 31 km). Positive modulations are found in the QBO easterly shear, negative modulations in the westerly shear. Below 10 hPa, in regions where the aerosol mixing ratio is largest (50–20 hPa, or ~ 20–26 km), in most of the analysed parameters only moderate statistically significant QBO signatures (< 10%) have been found. QBO signatures in the model prognostic aerosol mixing ratio are significant at the 95% confidence level throughout the tropical stratosphere where modelled mixing ratios exceed 0.1 ppbm. In some regions of the tropical lower stratosphere the QBO signatures in other analysed parameters are partly not statistically significant. Peak-to-peak amplitudes of the QBO signature in the prognostic mixing ratios are up to twice as large as seasonal variations in the region where aerosols evaporate and between 70–30 hPa. Between the tropical tropopause and 70 hPa the QBO signature is relatively weak and seasonal variations dominate the variability of the simulated Junge layer. QBO effects on the upper lid of the tropical aerosol layer turn the quasi-static balance between processes maintaining the layer's vertical extent into a cyclic balance when considering this dominant mode of atmospheric variability. Global aerosol-interactive models without a QBO are only able to simulate the quasi-static balance state. To assess the global impact of stratospheric aerosols on climate processes, those partly nonlinear relationships between the QBO and stratospheric aerosols have to be taken into account.

scholarly journals Year-round stratospheric aerosol backscatter ratios calculated from lidar measurements above northern Norway

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 4065-4076 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arvid Langenbach ◽  
Gerd Baumgarten ◽  
Jens Fiedler ◽  
Franz-Josef Lübken ◽  
Christian von Savigny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Atmosphere ◽  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
New Method ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Correction Function ◽  
Aerosol Layer ◽  
Radiative Balance ◽  
Northern Norway ◽  
Lidar Measurements ◽  
Aerosol Backscatter

Abstract. We present a new method for calculating backscatter ratios of the stratospheric sulfate aerosol (SSA) layer from daytime and nighttime lidar measurements. Using this new method we show a first year-round dataset of stratospheric aerosol backscatter ratios at high latitudes. The SSA layer is located at altitudes between the tropopause and about 30 km. It is of fundamental importance for the radiative balance of the atmosphere. We use a state-of-the-art Rayleigh–Mie–Raman lidar at the Arctic Lidar Observatory for Middle Atmosphere Research (ALOMAR) station located in northern Norway (69∘ N, 16∘ E; 380 m a.s.l.). For nighttime measurements the aerosol backscatter ratios are derived using elastic and inelastic backscatter of the emitted laser wavelengths 355, 532 and 1064 nm. The setup of the lidar allows measurements with a resolution of about 5 min in time and 150 m in altitude to be performed in high quality, which enables the identification of multiple sub-layers in the stratospheric aerosol layer of less than 1 km vertical thickness. We introduce a method to extend the dataset throughout the summer when measurements need to be performed under permanent daytime conditions. For that purpose we approximate the backscatter ratios from color ratios of elastic scattering and apply a correction function. We calculate the correction function using the average backscatter ratio profile at 355 nm from about 1700 h of nighttime measurements from the years 2000 to 2018. Using the new method we finally present a year-round dataset based on about 4100 h of measurements during the years 2014 to 2017.

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