On the empirical formula of Willett et al. relating lightning return-stroke peak current and peak electric field

1992 ◽  
Vol 97 (D11) ◽  
pp. 11527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir A. Rakov ◽  
Rajeev Thottappillil ◽  
Martin A. Uman
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Empirical Formula ◽  
Return Stroke ◽  
Peak Current ◽  
Peak Electric Field

Return stroke peak current observations of negative natural and triggered lightning in Brazil

2005 ◽  
Vol 76 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 493-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Pinto ◽  
I.R.C.A. Pinto ◽  
M.M.F. Saba ◽  
N.N. Solorzano ◽  
D. Guedes
Keyword(s):  
Return Stroke ◽  
Peak Current ◽  
Triggered Lightning

Estimation of Return-Stroke Peak Current of Lightning Strokes Registered by WWLLN: a Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 275
Author(s):  
Svetlana Yurievna Karanina ◽  
Nikolay Viktorovich Baranovskiy ◽  
Andrey Vladimirovich Karanin ◽  
Marina Yurievna Belikova
Keyword(s):  
Return Stroke ◽  
Peak Current

scholarly journals Modeling Compact Intracloud Discharge (CID) as a Streamer Burst

Atmosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 549
Author(s):  
Vernon Cooray ◽  
Gerald Cooray ◽  
Marcos Rubinstein ◽  
Farhad Rachidi
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Radiation Field ◽  
Time Derivative ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Maximum Growth ◽  
Nanosecond Duration ◽  
Peak Current ◽  
Radiation Fields ◽  
Large Current

Narrow Bipolar Pulses are generated by bursts of electrical activity in the cloud and these are referred to as Compact Intracloud Discharges (CID) or Narrow Bipolar Events in the current literature. These discharges usually occur in isolation without much electrical activity before or after the event, but sometimes they are observed to initiate lightning flashes. In this paper, we have studied the features of CIDs assuming that they consist of streamer bursts without any conducting channels. A typical CID may contain about 109 streamer heads during the time of its maximum growth. A CID consists of a current front of several nanosecond duration that travels forward with the speed of the streamers. The amplitude of this current front increases initially during the streamer growth and decays subsequently as the streamer burst continues to propagate. Depending on the conductivity of the streamer channels, there could be a low-level current flow behind this current front which transports negative charge towards the streamer origin. The features of the current associated with the CID are very different from those of the radiation field that it generates. The duration of the radiation field of a CID is about 10–20 μs, whereas the duration of the propagating current pulse associated with the CID is no more than a few nanoseconds in duration. The peak current of a CID is the result of a multitude of small currents associated with a large number of streamers and, if all the forward moving streamer heads are located on a single horizontal plane, the cumulative current that radiates at its peak value could be about 108 A. On the other hand, the current associated with an individual streamer is no more than a few hundreds of mA. However, if the location of the forward moving streamer heads are spread in a vertical direction, the peak current can be reduced considerably. Moreover, this large current is spread over an area of several tens to several hundreds of square meters. The study shows that the streamer model of the CID could explain the fine structure of the radiation fields present both in the electric field and electric field time derivative.

Experimental Study on GH3536 Surface Discharge Mark Diameter of EDG

2013 ◽  
Vol 664 ◽  
pp. 817-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Gao ◽  
Di Wang ◽  
Yao Sun
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Experimental Study ◽  
Empirical Formula ◽  
Pulse Width ◽  
Orthogonal Test ◽  
Regression Equation ◽  
Surface Discharge ◽  
Test Analysis ◽  
Peak Current ◽  
The Impact

This article using the method of orthogonal test analysis the law of honeycomb ring part in aero-engineer surface discharge mark diameter by EDG. In the impulse voltage under certain conditions,by changing the peak current and pulse width in the interelectrode study both of the impact of the largest diameter of GH3536 surface discharge mark, and build a mathematical model of the regression equation, derive relatively accurate empirical formula. Provide a good reference and guidance for the actual production of the EDG.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Horizontal Electric Field from the Lightning Channel by Electromagnetic Field Equations of Moving Charges

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yunfeng Zhang ◽  
Erchun Zhang ◽  
Jialiang Gu
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Finite Conductivity ◽  
Lightning Flash ◽  
Horizontal Distance ◽  
Field Equations ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Return Stroke ◽  
Lightning Channel ◽  
Soil Conductivity

The horizontal electric field from the lightning return-stroke channel is evaluated by the electromagnetic field equations of moving charges in this paper. When a lightning flash strikes the ground, the charges move upward the lightning channel at the return-stroke speed, thereby producing the electromagnetic fields. According to the electromagnetic field equations of moving charges, the detained charges, uniformly moving charges, and decelerating (or accelerating) charges in each segment of the channel generate electrostatic fields, velocity fields, and radiation fields, respectively. The horizontal component of the sum is the horizontal electric field over the perfectly conducting ground. For the real soil with finite conductivity, the Wait formula is used here for the evaluation of the horizontal electric field over the realistic soil. The proposed method can avoid the oscillation of the fields in the long distance by the FDTD method and the singularity problem of the integral equation by the Sommerfeld integral method. The influences of the return-stroke speed, distance, and soil conductivity on the horizontal electric field are also analyzed by the proposed method. The conclusions can be drawn that the horizontal electric field decreases with the increasing of the return-stroke speed; the negative offset increases with the increasing of horizontal distance and with the decreasing of the soil conductivity, thereby forming the bipolar waveform. These conclusions will be practically valuable for the protection of lightning-induced overvoltage on the transmission lines.

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