Modeling water erosion due to overland flow using physical principles: 1. Sheet flow

1992 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 237-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. Hairsine ◽  
C. W. Rose
Keyword(s):  
Overland Flow ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Sheet Flow ◽  
Physical Principles

scholarly journals Finite volume method solution of pollutant transport in catchment sheet flow

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-189
Author(s):  
Gokmen Tayfur ◽  
Zhiguo He ◽  
Qihua Ran
Keyword(s):  
Finite Volume Method ◽  
Finite Volume ◽  
Active Layer ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Pollutant Transport ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Sheet Flow ◽  
Advection Diffusion Equation ◽  
Volume Method

A finite volume numerical method was employed in the solution of two-dimensional pollutant transport in catchment sheet flow. The full dynamic wave constituted the sheet flow while the advection–diffusion equation with sink/source terms was the pollutant transport model. It is assumed that the solute in the surface active layer is uniformly distributed and the exchange rate of the solute between the active layer and overland flow are proportional to the difference between the concentrations in soil and water volume. Decrease of the solute transfer rate in the active surface layer caused by the transfer of solutes from soil to the overlying runoff is assumed to follow an exponential law. The equations governing sheet flow and pollutant transport are discretized using the finite volume method in space and an implicit backward difference scheme in time. The model was subjected to several numerical tests involving varying microtopographic surface, roughness, and infiltration. The results revealed that spatially varying microtopography plays an important role unlike the roughness and infiltration with respect to the total pollutant rate from the outlet of a catchment.

scholarly journals Adapting HYDRUS-1D to Simulate Overland Flow and Reactive Transport during Sheet Flow Deviations

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. vzj2016.11.0113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Liang ◽  
Scott A. Bradford ◽  
Jiří Šimůnek ◽  
Anne Hartmann
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Transport ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Sheet Flow ◽  
Hydrus 1D

scholarly journals Temporal changes in soil water erosion on sloping vineyards in the Ruwer- Mosel Valley. The impact of age and plantation works in young and old vines

2017 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesús Rodrigo-Comino ◽  
Christine Brings ◽  
Thomas Iserloh ◽  
Markus C. Casper ◽  
Manuel Seeger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Erosion ◽  
Sustainable Management ◽  
Soil Loss ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Water Erosion ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Effect Of Age ◽  
Soil And Water

AbstractIt is well known that rainfall causes soil erosion in sloping German vineyards, but little is known about the effect of age of plantation on soil erosion, which is relevant to understand and design sustainable management systems. In the Ruwer-Mosel valley, young (1- to 4-years) and old (35- to 38-years after the plantation) vineyards were selected to assess soil and water losses by using two-paired Gerlach troughs over three years (2013-2015). In the young vineyard, the overland flow was 107 L m-1and soil loss 1000 g m-1in the year of the plantation, and decreased drastically over the two subsequent years (19 L m-1; 428 g m-1). In the old vineyard, soil (from 1081 g m-1to 1308 g m-1) and water (from 67 L m-1to 102 L m-1) losses were 1.2 and 1.63 times higher, respectively, than in the young vineyard.

Soil erosion processes.II. Settling velocity characteristics of eroded sediment

Soil Research ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 685 ◽  
Author(s):  
APB Proffitt ◽  
CW Rose
Keyword(s):  
Overland Flow ◽  
Settling Velocity ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Rill Erosion ◽  
Sheet Flow ◽  
Spatial Redistribution ◽  
Volumetric Flux ◽  
Sheet Erosion ◽  
Rill Flow

Settling velocity characteristics of sediment eroded by overland flow only, or from a combination of rainfall (100 mm h-l) and runon were measured under controlled conditions in a simulated rainfall tilting-flume facility. Two contrasting soil types were studied: a cracking clay (black earth or vertisol), and a slightly dispersive sandy clay loam (solonchak or aridisol). For a constant volumetric flux (1.0x10-1 m3 m-1 s-1) at exit from the 5.8m long flume and a slope of 0.5%, sheet erosion prevailed, whilst for the same flux at a steeper slope of 5%, rill erosion prevailed. Settling velocity characteristics of eroded sediment were found to be dependent on erosion process, flow hydraulics, soil type, and time in the erosion event. For both soil types, there was a progressive change in settling velocity characteristics with time, this change being less pronounced for sediment eroded dominantly by rill flow as opposed to sheet flow. Temporal changes in settling velocity characteristics were attributed to the development of a deposited layer of coarser, faster settling sediment on the soil surface. The net outcome of rill erosion was less size-selectivity compared with sheet erosion, as determined by the measured settling velocity characteristics of eroded sediment. This outcome was associated with the greater erosive power of rill flow compared with sheet flow. Rainfall was found to influence the settling velocity characteristics of eroded sediment substantially when sheet flow predominated. This was thought to be due to lower flow velocities under rainfall (and therefore smaller contribution to soil loss by entrainment). The findings reported in this study have important implications when assessing nutrient losses from eroded sediment, and in predicting the spatial redistribution of eroded sediment.

scholarly journals Morphological controls on Hortonian surface runoff: An interpretation of steady-state energy patterns, maximum power states and dissipation regimes within a thermodynamic framework

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Schroers ◽  
Olivier Eiff ◽  
Axel Kleidon ◽  
Ulrike Scherer ◽  
Jan Wienhöfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Overland Flow ◽  
Dynamic Equilibrium ◽  
Flow Path ◽  
Maximum Power ◽  
Rainfall Simulation ◽  
Sheet Flow ◽  
Thermodynamic Framework

Abstract. Recent developments in hydrology have led to a new perspective on runoff processes, extending beyond the classical mass dynamics of water in a catchment. For instance, stream flow has been analysed in a thermodynamic framework, which allows the incorporation of two additional physical laws and enhances our understanding of catchments as open environmental systems. Related investigations suggested that energetic extremal principles might constrain hydrological processes, because the latter are associated with conversions and dissipation of free energy. Here we expand this thermodynamic perspective by exploring how hillslope structures at the macro- and microscale control the free energy balance of Hortonian overland flow. We put special emphasis on the transitions of surface runoff processes at the hillslope scale, as hillslopes energetically behave distinctly different in comparison to fluvial systems. To this end, we develop a general theory of surface runoff and of the related conversion of geopotential energy gradients into other forms of energy, particularly kinetic energy as the driver of erosion and sediment transport. We then use this framework at a macroscopic scale to analyse how combinations of typical hillslopes profiles and width distributions control the spatial patterns of steady-state stream power and energy dissipation along the flow path. At the microscale, we analyse flow concentration in rills and its influence on the distribution of energy and dissipation in space. Therefore, we develop a new numerical method for the Catflow model, which allows a dynamical separation of Hortonian surface runoff between a rill- and a sheet flow domain. We calibrated the new Catflow-Rill model to rainfall simulation experiments and observed overland flow in the Weiherbach catchment and found evidence that flow accumulation in rills serves as a means to redistribute energy gradients in space, therefore minimizing energy expenditure along the flow path, while also maximizing overall power of the system. Our results indicate that laminar sheet flow and turbulent rill flow on hillslopes develop to a dynamic equilibrium that corresponds to a maximum power state, and that the transition of flow from one domain into the other is marked by an energy maximum in space.

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