Reply [to “Comment on the treatment of residual water content in ‘a consistent set of parametric models for the two-phase flow of immiscible fluids in the subsurface’ by L. Luckner et al.”]

1991 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 663-664 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Luckner ◽  
M. Th. Van Genuchten ◽  
D. R. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Immiscible Fluids ◽  
Parametric Models ◽  
Residual Water ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Residual Water Content

A consistent set of parametric models for the two-phase flow of immiscible fluids in the subsurface

1989 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 2187-2193 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Luckner ◽  
M. Th. Van Genuchten ◽  
D. R. Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Immiscible Fluids ◽  
Parametric Models ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Two Phase

Effect of Common Impurities on the Phase Behavior of Carbon-Dioxide-Rich Systems: Minimizing the Risk of Hydrate Formation and Two-Phase Flow

SPE Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 16 (04) ◽  
pp. 921-930 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonin Chapoy ◽  
Rod Burgass ◽  
Bahman Tohidi ◽  
J. Michael Austell ◽  
Charles Eickhoff
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Phase Behavior ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Thermodynamic Model ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Hydrate Formation ◽  
Experimental Methodology ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Two Phase

Summary Carbon dioxide (CO2) produced by carbon-capture processes is generally not pure and can contain impurities such as N2, H2, CO, H2 S, and water. The presence of these impurities could lead to challenging flow-assurance issues. The presence of water may result in ice or gas-hydrate formation and cause blockage. Reducing the water content is commonly required to reduce the potential for corrosion, but, for an offshore pipeline system, it is also used as a means of preventing gas-hydrate problems; however, there is little information on the dehydration requirements. Furthermore, the gaseous CO2-rich stream is generally compressed to be transported as liquid or dense-phase in order to avoid two-phase flow and increase in the density of the system. The presence of impurities will also change the system's bubblepoint pressure, hence affecting the compression requirement. The aim of this study is to evaluate the risk of hydrate formation in a CO2-rich stream and to study the phase behavior of CO2 in the presence of common impurities. An experimental methodology was developed for measuring water content in a CO2-rich phase in equilibrium with hydrates. The water content in equilibrium with hydrates at simulated pipeline conditions (e.g., 4°C and up to 190 bar) as well as after simulated choke conditions (e.g., at -2°C and approximately 50 bar) was measured for pure CO2 and a mixture of 2 mol% H2 and 98 mol% CO2. Bubblepoint measurements were also taken for this binary mixture for temperatures ranging from -20 to 25°C. A thermodynamic approach was employed to model the phase equilibria. The experimental data available in the literature on gas solubility in water in binary systems were used in tuning the binary interaction parameters (BIPs). The thermodynamic model was used to predict the phase behavior and the hydrate-dissociation conditions of various CO2-rich streams in the presence of free water and various levels of dehydration (250 and 500 ppm). The results are in good agreement with the available experimental data. The developed experimental methodology and thermodynamic model could provide the necessary data in determining the required dehydration level for CO2-rich systems, as well as minimum pipeline pressure required to avoid two-phase flow, hydrates, and water condensation.

scholarly journals Modeling of Two-Phase Flow in Rough-Walled Fracture Using Level Set Method

Geofluids ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunfeng Dai ◽  
Zhifang Zhou ◽  
Jin Lin ◽  
Jiangbo Han
Keyword(s):  
Crude Oil ◽  
Level Set Method ◽  
Level Set ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Immiscible Fluids ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Two Phase

To describe accurately the flow characteristic of fracture scale displacements of immiscible fluids, an incompressible two-phase (crude oil and water) flow model incorporating interfacial forces and nonzero contact angles is developed. The roughness of the two-dimensional synthetic rough-walled fractures is controlled with different fractal dimension parameters. Described by the Navier–Stokes equations, the moving interface between crude oil and water is tracked using level set method. The method accounts for differences in densities and viscosities of crude oil and water and includes the effect of interfacial force. The wettability of the rough fracture wall is taken into account by defining the contact angle and slip length. The curve of the invasion pressure-water volume fraction is generated by modeling two-phase flow during a sudden drainage. The volume fraction of water restricted in the rough-walled fracture is calculated by integrating the water volume and dividing by the total cavity volume of the fracture while the two-phase flow is quasistatic. The effect of invasion pressure of crude oil, roughness of fracture wall, and wettability of the wall on two-phase flow in rough-walled fracture is evaluated.

Effect of Rheological Properties of Yield Pseudoplastic Fluids on Slugs Characteristics in an Upward Vertical Pipe: Experiments and Modeling

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdalsalam Ihmoudah ◽  
Mohamed M. Awad ◽  
Mohammad Azizur Rahman ◽  
Stephen D. Butt
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Phase ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Numerical Investigation ◽  
Two Phase Flow ◽  
Immiscible Fluids ◽  
Newtonian Fluids ◽  
Phase Flow ◽  
Vertical Pipe ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Pseudoplastic Fluids

Abstract Two-phase flow of gas/yield Pseudoplastic fluids can be found in different industrial applications like the chemical processes, oil industry, and petroleum transport in pipelines. In this study, experimental and numerical investigation of the influence of Rheological properties of non-Newtonians fluids in two-phase flow (gas/yield Pseudoplastic fluids) on slug characteristics in an upward vertical flow were performed. Different concentrations of Xanthan gum solutions (0.05%, 0.10%, and 0.15%, by w/w), which are referred to as non-Newtonian, yield Pseudoplastic behavior used as the working liquids and air as a gas. The experiments were conducted in an open-loop re-circulating system has a total length of 65 m to ensure phase mixing, and authorize flow regime patterns to develop. The vertical pipe has a diameter of 76.3 mm. API-compliant 8-speed rotational viscometer model 800 was used to measure the rheological properties of non-Newtonian fluids. Flow visualization and recording videos were achieved by A high-speed camera to a comparison between behavior of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids in the two-phase model. Pressure transducers used to measure high-response pressure. Computational fluid dynamics software (ANSYS fluent 2019 R3) was used for the numerical investigation. The volume of fluid (VOF) model has been chosen for tracking immiscible fluids. CFD simulation results compared to the experimental data. The slug behavior and shape were noticed to be affected by changing the rheological properties of the liquid phase. with increasing XG concentration at the same operations conditions, we found that non-uniform and random distribution of small bubbles due to the effective viscous force of a liquid phase.

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