Climate change, global change: What is the difference?

Eos ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 69 (25) ◽  
pp. 668
Author(s):  
S.I. Rasool
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Change ◽  
The Difference

scholarly journals Climate change as a unifying theme in Antarctic research

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-353
Author(s):  
Clive Howard-Williams
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Change ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Polar Regions ◽  
Ice Dynamics ◽  
Stream Flows ◽  
Sea Ice Dynamics ◽  
Ipcc Report ◽  
Pond Ecosystem ◽  
The Difference

How many times have you seen statements similar to the following: “Antarctica is a global barometer”, “Antarctica is a warning beacon for global change”, or “Antarctica is a warning beacon for global change”, or “Antarctica is the most sensitive continent to climate change”? The frequency of such statements in this, and other polar journals, is significant. We know that the polar regions are highly sensitive to natural and human induced changes that originate elsewhere on our planet, and the literature is extensive and growing. At the large scale there is increasing evidence of both direct and indirect linkages between climate patterns (e.g. ENSO) in the Pacific and Atlantic oceans and Antarctic climate. At a smaller scale are the follow-on linkages to glacier dynamics, including surface melt, glacier stream flows, lake levels, beaches, sea-ice dynamics and ice tongues. All of these have major repercussions on Antarctic ecosystems. The phase change from water (liquid) to ice (solid) occurs over avery small temperature range (depending on salinity, pressure etc). Thus, for a pond ecosystem, a change in temperature of less than one degree Celsius means the difference between a functioning aquatic ecosystem, and a frozen ecosystem. The recent IPCC report (Climate Change 2001 [3 vols], Cambridge University Press) leaves little doubt of the significant changes to world climate now taking place. As Antarctic scientists we surely must therefore consider that the principal issue to be addressed in Antarctica at present is that of “Responses to a changing climate”.

scholarly journals Towards Sustainable Development: Building’s Retrofitting with PCMs to Enhance the Indoor Thermal Comfort in Tropical Climate, Malaysia

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 3614
Author(s):  
Zeyad Amin Al-Absi ◽  
Mohd Isa Mohd Hafizal ◽  
Mazran Ismail ◽  
Azhar Ghazali
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Phase Change Materials ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Transition Temperatures ◽  
Indoor Thermal Environment ◽  
Adaptive Thermal Comfort ◽  
The Difference

Building sector is associated with high energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions, which contribute to climate change. Sustainable development emphasizes any actions to reduce climate change and its effect. In Malaysia, half of the energy utilized in buildings goes towards building cooling. Thermal comfort studies and adaptive thermal comfort models reflect the high comfort temperatures for Malaysians in naturally conditioned buildings, which make it possible to tackle the difference between buildings’ indoor temperature and the required comfort temperature by using proper passive measures. This study investigates the effectiveness of building’s retrofitting with phase change materials (PCMs) as a passive cooling technology to improve the indoor thermal environment for more comfortable conditions. PCM sheets were numerically investigated below the internal finishing of the walls. The investigation involved an optimization study for the PCMs transition temperatures and quantities. The results showed significant improvement in the indoor thermal environment, especially when using lower transition temperatures and higher quantities of PCMs. Therefore, the monthly thermal discomfort time has decreased completely, while the thermal comfort time has increased to as high as 98%. The PCM was effective year-round and the optimum performance for the investigated conditions was achieved when using 18mm layer of PCM27-26.

scholarly journals Analysis of livestock breeders’ perceptions and their adaptation measures to climate change in Morocco‘s arid rangelands

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Wadii Snaibi
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Climate Data ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Eastern Morocco ◽  
Climate Analysis

AbstractThe high plateaus of eastern Morocco are already suffering from the adverse impacts of climate change (CC), as the local populations’ livelihoods depend mainly on extensive sheep farming and therefore on natural resources. This research identifies breeders’ perceptions about CC, examines whether they correspond to the recorded climate data and analyses endogenous adaptation practices taking into account the agroecological characteristics of the studied sites and the difference between breeders’ categories based on the size of owned sheep herd. Data on perceptions and adaptation were analyzed using the Chi-square independence and Kruskal-Wallis tests. Climate data were investigated through Mann-Kendall, Pettitt and Buishand tests.Herders’ perceptions are in line with the climate analysis in term of nature and direction of observed climate variations (downward trend in rainfall and upward in temperature). In addition, there is a significant difference in the adoption frequency of adaptive strategies between the studied agroecological sub-zones (χ2 = 14.525, p <.05) due to their contrasting biophysical and socioeconomic conditions, as well as among breeders’ categories (χ2 = 10.568, p < .05) which attributed mainly to the size of sheep flock. Policy options aimed to enhance local-level adaptation should formulate site-specific adaptation programs and prioritise the small-scale herders.

scholarly journals Cross-validation of bias-corrected climate simulations is misleading

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4867-4873 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas Maraun ◽  
Martin Widmann
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Bias Correction ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Internal Variability ◽  
Validation Period ◽  
Climate Simulations ◽  
Free Running ◽  
The Difference

Abstract. We demonstrate both analytically and with a modelling example that cross-validation of free-running bias-corrected climate change simulations against observations is misleading. The underlying reasoning is as follows: a cross-validation can have in principle two outcomes. A negative (in the sense of not rejecting a null hypothesis), if the residual bias in the validation period after bias correction vanishes; and a positive, if the residual bias in the validation period after bias correction is large. It can be shown analytically that the residual bias depends solely on the difference between the simulated and observed change between calibration and validation periods. This change, however, depends mainly on the realizations of internal variability in the observations and climate model. As a consequence, the outcome of a cross-validation is also dominated by internal variability, and does not allow for any conclusion about the sensibility of a bias correction. In particular, a sensible bias correction may be rejected (false positive) and a non-sensible bias correction may be accepted (false negative). We therefore propose to avoid cross-validation when evaluating bias correction of free-running bias-corrected climate change simulations against observations. Instead, one should evaluate non-calibrated temporal, spatial and process-based aspects.

scholarly journals Rhodoliths in Brazil: Current knowledge and potential impacts of climate change

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (spe2) ◽  
pp. 117-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo Antunes Horta ◽  
Pablo Riul ◽  
Gilberto M. Amado Filho ◽  
Carlos Frederico D. Gurgel ◽  
Flávio Berchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Change ◽  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Coastal Pollution ◽  
Brazil Current ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Benthic Ecosystems ◽  
Impacts Of Climate Change

Abstract Rhodolith beds are important marine benthic ecosystems, representing oases of high biodiversity among sedimentary seabed environments. They are found frequently and abundantly, acting as major carbonate 'factories' and playing a key role in the biogeochemical cycling of carbonates in the South Atlantic. Rhodoliths are under threat due to global change (mainly related to ocean acidification and global warming) and local stressors, such as fishing and coastal run-off. Here, we review different aspects of the biology of these organisms, highlighting the predicted effects of global change, considering the additional impact of local stressors. Ocean acidification (OA) represents a particular threat that can reduce calcification or even promote the decalcification of these bioengineers, thus increasing the eco-physiological imbalance between calcareous and fleshy algae. OA should be considered, but this together with extreme events such as heat waves and storms, as main stressors of these ecosystems at the present time, will worsen in the future, especially if possible interactions with local stressors like coastal pollution are taken into consideration. Thus, in Brazil there is a serious need for starting monitoring programs and promote innovative experimental infrastructure in order to improve our knowledge of these rich environments, optimize management efforts and enhance the needed conservation initiatives.

scholarly journals Can an Earth System Model simulate better climate change at mid-Holocene than an AOGCM? A comparison study of MIROC-ESM and MIROC3

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1519-1542 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Ohgaito ◽  
T. Sueyoshi ◽  
A. Abe-Ouchi ◽  
T. Hajima ◽  
S. Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Sea Surface Temperature ◽  
Earth System Model ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
System Model ◽  
Earth System ◽  
Intercomparison Project ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Precipitation Enhancement

Abstract. The importance of evaluating models through paleoclimate simulations is becoming more recognized in efforts to improve climate projection. To evaluate an integrated Earth System Model, MIROC-ESM, we performed simulations in time-slice experiments for the mid-Holocene (6000 yr before present, 6 ka) and preindustrial (1850 AD, 0 ka) periods under the protocol of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 5/Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project 3. We first give an overview of the simulated global climates by comparing with simulations using a previous version of the MIROC model (MIROC3), which is an atmosphere–ocean coupled general circulation model. We then comprehensively discuss various aspects of climate change with 6 ka forcing and how the differences in the models can affect the results. We also discuss the representation of the precipitation enhancement at 6 ka over northern Africa. The precipitation enhancement at 6 ka over northern Africa according to MIROC-ESM does not differ greatly from that obtained with MIROC3, which means that newly developed components such as dynamic vegetation and improvements in the atmospheric processes do not have significant impacts on the representation of the 6 ka monsoon change suggested by proxy records. Although there is no drastic difference between the African monsoon representations of the two models, there are small but significant differences in the precipitation enhancement over the Sahara in early summer, which can be related to the representation of the sea surface temperature rather than the vegetation coupling in MIROC-ESM. Because the oceanic parts of the two models are identical, the difference in the sea surface temperature change is ultimately attributed to the difference in the atmospheric and/or land modules, and possibly the difference in the representation of low-level clouds.

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