Magnitude and uncertainty of nitrous oxide emissions from North America based on bottom‐up and top‐down approaches: Informing future research and national inventories

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Xu ◽  
H. Tian ◽  
N. Pan ◽  
R. L. Thompson ◽  
J. G. Canadell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
North America ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up

Reconciling the differences between top-down and bottom-up estimates of nitrous oxide emissions for the U.S. Corn Belt

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 746-754 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Griffis ◽  
X. Lee ◽  
J. M. Baker ◽  
M. P. Russelle ◽  
X. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Corn Belt ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
The U.S

scholarly journals Nitrous oxide emissions during microalgae-based wastewater treatment: current state of the art and implication for greenhouse gases budgeting

2020 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 1025-1030
Author(s):  
Maxence Plouviez ◽  
Benoit Guieysse
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
N2o Emissions ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Intergovernmental Panel ◽  
Aerobic Wastewater Treatment

Abstract Microalgae can synthesise the ozone depleting pollutant and greenhouse gas nitrous oxide (N2O). Consequently, significant N2O emissions have been recorded during real wastewater treatment in high rate algal ponds (HRAPs). While data scarcity and variability prevent meaningful assessment, the magnitude reported (0.13–0.57% of the influent nitrogen load) is within the range reported by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) for direct N2O emissions during centralised aerobic wastewater treatment (0.016–4.5% of the influent nitrogen load). Critically, the ability of microalgae to synthesise N2O challenges the IPCC's broad view that bacterial denitrification and nitrification are the only major cause of N2O emissions from wastewater plants and aquatic environments receiving nitrogen from wastewater effluents. Significant N2O emissions have indeed been repeatedly detected from eutrophic water bodies and wastewater discharge contributes to eutrophication via the release of nitrogen and phosphorus. Considering the complex interplays between nitrogen and phosphorus supply, microalgal growth, and microalgal N2O synthesis, further research must urgently seek to better quantify N2O emissions from microalgae-based wastewater systems and eutrophic ecosystems receiving wastewater. This future research will ultimately improve the prediction of N2O emissions from wastewater treatment in national inventories and may therefore affect the prioritisation of mitigation strategies.

Top-down Support of Swiss non-CO2 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reporting to UNFCCC

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Henne ◽  
Martin K. Vollmer ◽  
Martin Steinbacher ◽  
Markus Leuenberger ◽  
Frank Meinhardt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Particle Dispersion ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Halogenated Compound

<p>Globally, emissions of long-lived non-CO<sub>2</sub> greenhouse gases (GHG; methane, nitrous oxide and halogenated compounds) account for approximately 30 % of the radiative forcing of all anthropogenic GHG emissions. In industrialised countries, ‘bottom-up’ estimates come with relatively large uncertainties for anthropogenic non-CO<sub>2</sub> GHGs when compared with those of anthropogenic CO<sub>2</sub>. 'Top-down' methods on the country scale offer an independent support tool to reduce these uncertainties and detect biases in emissions reported to the UNFCCC. Based on atmospheric concentration observations these tools are also able to detect the effectiveness of emission mitigation measures on the long term.</p><p>Since 2012 the Swiss national inventory reporting (NIR) contains an appendix on 'top-down' studies for selected halogenated compound. Subsequently, this appendix was extended to include methane and nitrous oxide. Here, we present these updated (2020 submission) regional-scale (~300 x 200 km<sup>2</sup>) atmospheric inversion studies for non-CO<sub>2</sub> GHG emission estimates in Switzerland, making use of observations on the Swiss Plateau (Beromünster tall tower) as well as the neighbouring mountain-top sites Jungfraujoch and Schauinsland.</p><p>We report spatially and temporally resolved Swiss emissions for CH<sub>4</sub> (2013-2019), N<sub>2</sub>O (2017-2019) and total Swiss emissions for hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) and SF<sub>6</sub> (2009-2019) based on a Bayesian inversion system and a tracer ratio method, respectively. Both approaches make use of transport simulations applying the high-resolution (7 x 7 km<sup>2</sup>) Lagrangian particle dispersion model (FLEXPART-COSMO). We compare these 'top-down' estimates to the 'bottom-up' results reported by Switzerland to the UNFCCC. Although we find good agreement between the two estimates for some species (CH<sub>4</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>O), emissions of other compounds (e.g., considerably lower 'top-down' estimates for HFC-134a) show larger discrepancies. Potential reasons for the disagreements are discussed. Currently, our 'top-down' information is only used for comparative purposes and does not feed back into the 'bottom-up' inventory.</p>

scholarly journals It’s Not Easy Being Agile: Unpacking Paradoxes in Agile Environments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Horlach ◽  
Andreas Drechsler
Keyword(s):  
Big Bang ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Change Processes ◽  
Critical Perspective ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Organizational Settings ◽  
Organizational Inertia ◽  
Learning And Change ◽  
Agile Teams

Abstract In this paper, we outline inherent tensions in Agile environments, which lead to paradoxes that Agile teams and organizations have to navigate. By taking a critical perspective on Agile frameworks and Agile organizational settings the authors are familiar with, we contribute an initial problematization of paradoxes for the Agile context. For instance, Agile teams face the continuous paradox of ‘doing Agile’ (= following an established Agile way of working) versus ‘being Agile’ (= changing an established Agile way of working). One of the paradoxes that organizations face is whether to start their Agile journey with a directed top-down (and therefore quite un-Agile) ‘big bang’ or to allow an emergent bottom-up transformation (which may be more in-line with the Agile spirit but perhaps not be able to overcome organizational inertia). Future research can draw on our initial problematization as a foundation for subsequent in-depth investigations of these Agile paradoxes. Agile teams and organizations can draw on our initial problematization of Agile paradoxes to inform their learning and change processes.

Towards lean transformation: the analysis of lean implementation frameworks

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1031-1052 ◽  
Author(s):  
TickFei Chay ◽  
YuChun Xu ◽  
Ashutosh Tiwari ◽  
FooSoon Chay
Keyword(s):  
Shop Floor ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Implementation Framework ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Lean Implementation ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Lean Transformation ◽  
Supervisory Staff ◽  
Internal Stakeholders

Purpose – Failure in engaging shop floor employees (including supervisory staff) in lean, lacking of supervisory skills in leading workers and lacking of lean technical knowhow among the shop floor employees are some of the major obstacles in lean transformation. One of the reasons of inefficient lean transformation is the shortages in frameworks or plans in implementing lean. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the shortfalls in the current lean implementation frameworks. Design/methodology/approach – The frameworks were analysed according to the following criteria: first, “What” is the approach of lean implementation, i.e. top-down or bottom-up; second, “How” to implement lean (description of steps or sequences of lean implementation along the lean journey); third, “Why” – the reason of adoption of the proposed lean tools, techniques or practices (thereafter TTPs) in each phase of lean implementation; and fourth, “Who” are the targeted internal stakeholders to use or apply the lean TTPs that were proposed in the frameworks. Findings – Most of the current available lean frameworks were prone to top-down approach but not bottom-up. Improvement initiatives from the shop floor employees were often overlooked by researchers. In proposing their frameworks, most of the researchers have neglected the importance of “Why” aspect in the adoption of TTPs or the framework itself without giving the “reason” for each of the elements in lean implementation. Besides the aspects of “What” and “How”, the mentioned “Why” aspect is important in contributing to capability building among the shop floor employees in carrying out improvement, problem-solving or waste elimination activities. The aspect of “Who should carry out which lean TTP” was somewhat not emphasised by most of the lean researchers. In addition, the current frameworks were prone to “one-best-way” approach with lacking of contingency sense, which is one of the common criticisms against Lean Production System. Originality/value – This paper provides a critical view on the shortfalls of current lean implementation frameworks, and proposes an insight of new criteria for future research in analysing and proposing new lean implementation framework towards lean transformation.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Human Well-Being and Carbon Emissions

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 547
Author(s):  
Qin Li ◽  
Hongmin Chen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Emissions ◽  
Energy Use ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Relationship

Governments around the world are actively exploring strategies to reduce carbon emissions and mitigate and adapt to the impacts of climate change. In addition to technological progress, promoting a transformation of residents’ behaviors to a low carbon mode is also a solution. Many people are concerned about how to reduce carbon emissions while ensuring human well-being. Starting from the comparative analysis of two main theories of human well-being, this paper sorted out existing well-being measurement methods from the perspectives of “top-down” and “bottom-up” and further sorted out research on the relationship between human well-being and energy carbon emissions. While “top-down” research is conducive to the layout of macro policies, “bottom-up” research can better help to promote the transformation of society to a low carbon life by estimating the energy consumption and carbon emissions contained in human needs. Current research discusses human well-being, human needs, energy use and carbon emissions, respectively, but they are not systematically integrated. Furthermore, this paper proposes a framework combining these aspects to analyze the relationship between human well-being and carbon emissions. In addition, this paper suggests future research directions.

scholarly journals It’s Not Easy Being Agile: Unpacking Paradoxes in Agile Environments

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bettina Horlach ◽  
Andreas Drechsler
Keyword(s):  
Big Bang ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Change Processes ◽  
Critical Perspective ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Organizational Settings ◽  
Organizational Inertia ◽  
Learning And Change ◽  
Agile Teams

Abstract In this paper, we outline inherent tensions in Agile environments, which lead to paradoxes that Agile teams and organizations have to navigate. By taking a critical perspective on Agile frameworks and Agile organizational settings the authors are familiar with, we contribute an initial problematization of paradoxes for the Agile context. For instance, Agile teams face the continuous paradox of ‘doing Agile’ (= following an established Agile way of working) versus ‘being Agile’ (= changing an established Agile way of working). One of the paradoxes that organizations face is whether to start their Agile journey with a directed top-down (and therefore quite un-Agile) ‘big bang’ or to allow an emergent bottom-up transformation (which may be more in-line with the Agile spirit but perhaps not be able to overcome organizational inertia). Future research can draw on our initial problematization as a foundation for subsequent in-depth investigations of these Agile paradoxes. Agile teams and organizations can draw on our initial problematization of Agile paradoxes to inform their learning and change processes.

scholarly journals A decade of Semantic Web research through the lenses of a mixed methods approach

Semantic Web ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 979-1005
Author(s):  
Sabrina Kirrane ◽  
Marta Sabou ◽  
Javier D. Fernández ◽  
Francesco Osborne ◽  
Cécile Robin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Semantic Web ◽  
Expert Knowledge ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Trend Detection ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Bottom Up ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Web Research

The identification of research topics and trends is an important scientometric activity, as it can help guide the direction of future research. In the Semantic Web area, initially topic and trend detection was primarily performed through qualitative, top-down style approaches, that rely on expert knowledge. More recently, data-driven, bottom-up approaches have been proposed that offer a quantitative analysis of the evolution of a research domain. In this paper, we aim to provide a broader and more complete picture of Semantic Web topics and trends by adopting a mixed methods methodology, which allows for the combined use of both qualitative and quantitative approaches. Concretely, we build on a qualitative analysis of the main seminal papers, which adopt a top-down approach, and on quantitative results derived with three bottom-up data-driven approaches (Rexplore, Saffron, PoolParty), on a corpus of Semantic Web papers published between 2006 and 2015. In this process, we both use the latter for “fact-checking” on the former and also to derive key findings in relation to the strengths and weaknesses of top-down and bottom-up approaches to research topic identification. Although we provide a detailed study on the past decade of Semantic Web research, the findings and the methodology are relevant not only for our community but beyond the area of the Semantic Web to other research fields as well.

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