scholarly journals Satellite‐Based Monitoring of Irrigation Water Use: Assessing Measurement Errors and Their Implications for Agricultural Water Management Policy

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Foster ◽  
T. Mieno ◽  
N. Brozović
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Agricultural Water Management ◽  
Irrigation Water Use

scholarly journals Estimating irrigation water use over the contiguous United States by combining satellite and reanalysis soil moisture data

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Zaussinger ◽  
Wouter Dorigo ◽  
Alexander Gruber ◽  
Angelica Tarpanelli ◽  
Paolo Filippucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
United States ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Soil Moisture Data ◽  
Irrigation Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Practices

Abstract. Effective agricultural water management requires accurate and timely information on the availability and use of irrigation water. However, most existing information on irrigation water use (IWU) lacks the objectivity and spatio-temporal representativeness needed for operational water management and meaningful characterisation of land-climate interactions. Although optical remote sensing has been used to map the area affected by irrigation, it does not physically allow for the estimation of the actual amount of irrigation water applied. On the other hand, microwave observations of the moisture content in the top soil layer are directly influenced by agricultural irrigation practices, and thus potentially allow for the quantitative estimation of IWU. In this study, we combine surface soil moisture retrievals from the spaceborne SMAP, AMSR2, and ASCAT microwave sensors with modelled soil moisture from MERRA-2 reanalysis to derive monthly IWU dynamics over the contiguous United States (CONUS) for the period 2013–2016. The methodology is driven by the assumption that the hydrology formulation of the MERRA-2 model does not account for irrigation, while the remotely sensed soil moisture retrievals do contain an irrigation signal. For many CONUS irrigation hot spots, the estimated spatial irrigation patterns show good agreement with a reference data set on irrigated areas. Moreover, in intensively irrigated areas, the temporal dynamics of observed IWU is meaningful with respect to ancillary data on local irrigation practices. State-aggregated mean IWU volumes derived from the combination of SMAP and MERRA-2 soil moisture show a good correlation with statistically reported state-level irrigation water withdrawals but systematically underestimate them. We argue that this discrepancy can be mainly attributed to the coarse spatial resolution of the employed satellite soil moisture retrievals, which fails to resolve local irrigation practices. Consequently, higher resolution soil moisture data are needed to further enhance the accuracy of IWU mapping.

scholarly journals Estimating irrigation water use over the contiguous United States by combining satellite and reanalysis soil moisture data

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 897-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Zaussinger ◽  
Wouter Dorigo ◽  
Alexander Gruber ◽  
Angelica Tarpanelli ◽  
Paolo Filippucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
United States ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Soil Moisture Data ◽  
Irrigation Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Practices

Abstract. Effective agricultural water management requires accurate and timely information on the availability and use of irrigation water. However, most existing information on irrigation water use (IWU) lacks the objectivity and spatiotemporal representativeness needed for operational water management and meaningful characterization of land–climate interactions. Although optical remote sensing has been used to map the area affected by irrigation, it does not physically allow for the estimation of the actual amount of irrigation water applied. On the other hand, microwave observations of the moisture content in the top soil layer are directly influenced by agricultural irrigation practices and thus potentially allow for the quantitative estimation of IWU. In this study, we combine surface soil moisture (SM) retrievals from the spaceborne SMAP, AMSR2 and ASCAT microwave sensors with modeled soil moisture from MERRA-2 reanalysis to derive monthly IWU dynamics over the contiguous United States (CONUS) for the period 2013–2016. The methodology is driven by the assumption that the hydrology formulation of the MERRA-2 model does not account for irrigation, while the remotely sensed soil moisture retrievals do contain an irrigation signal. For many CONUS irrigation hot spots, the estimated spatial irrigation patterns show good agreement with a reference data set on irrigated areas. Moreover, in intensively irrigated areas, the temporal dynamics of observed IWU is meaningful with respect to ancillary data on local irrigation practices. State-aggregated mean IWU volumes derived from the combination of SMAP and MERRA-2 soil moisture show a good correlation with statistically reported state-level irrigation water withdrawals (IWW) but systematically underestimate them. We argue that this discrepancy can be mainly attributed to the coarse spatial resolution of the employed satellite soil moisture retrievals, which fails to resolve local irrigation practices. Consequently, higher-resolution soil moisture data are needed to further enhance the accuracy of IWU mapping.

scholarly journals Peningkatan Efisiensi Penggunaan Air Irigasi dengan Aplikasi Jadual Tanam Secara “Nyorog” pada Subak

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
I Wayan Tika ◽  
I. A. Bintang Madrini ◽  
Sumiyati .
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Use Efficiency ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Demand ◽  
High Peak ◽  
Water Shortages ◽  
Irrigation Water Management ◽  
Irrigation Water Use ◽  
Use Efficiency

Salah satu program penting dalam intensifikasi budidaya padi adalah pengelolaan air irigasi yang efisien. Pada subak di Bali pelaksanaan jadual tanam biasanya dilakukan secara serenpak sehingga terjadi puncak kebutuhan air yang tinggi. Akibatnya sangat berisiko terhadap kekurangan atau kelebihan air irigasai pada subak tersebut. Kondisi demikian menyebabkan efisiensi penggunaan air irigasi pada subak menjadi rendah. Salah satu solusi untuk meingkatkan efisiensi penggunaan air irigasi tersebut adalah dengan melakukan jadual tanam tidak serenpak yang pada subak dikenal dengan istilah nyorog. Dengan demikian perlu dikaji besarnya peningkatan efisiensi penggunaan air irigasi jika jadual tanam dilakukan secara nyorog Berdasarkan data yang telah dikompilasi diperoleh efisiensi penggunaan air irigasi yang dilakukan saat ini sebesar 76,52%. Saat ini pada obyek penelitian jadual tanam dibagi menjadi dua kelompok dengan beda jadual tanam antar kelompok tersebut sekitar satu bulan, dengan awal jadual tanam mulai Pebruari I.  Jika dilakukan jadual tanam secara serempak pada Pebruari II diperoleh efisiensi penggunaan air irigasi sebesar 69,05%.  Jika jadual tanam dilakukan secara nyorog dengan membagi subak menjadi empat kelompok dan setiap kelompok perbedaan jadual tanam sekitar setengah bulan serta awal jadual tanam pada Bulan Pebruari I maka diperoleh efisiensi penggunaan air irigasinya 86,52%.  Dengan demikian jadual tanam secara nyorog dapat meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan air irigasi dari 69,05% menjadi 86,52%.    One important program in the intensification of rice cultivation is efficient irrigation water management. In subak in Bali the planting schedule is usually carried out simultaneously so that there is a high peak of water demand. As a result, it is very risky for irrigation water shortages or excess in the subak. Such conditions cause the efficiency of the use of irrigation water in subak to be low. One solution to improve the efficiency of the use of irrigation water is by not planting simultaneously which are known as nyorog in subak. Thus, it is necessary to assess the magnitude of the increase in the efficiency of the use of irrigation water if the planting schedule is carried out in a systematic manner. Based on the data that has been compiled in Subak Guama  the efficiency of the use of irrigation water is 76.52%. At present the object of the planting schedule is divided into two groups with different planting schedules between groups of about one month, with the start of the planting schedule starting in February I. If the planting schedule is simultaneously held in February II, the efficiency of irrigation water use is 69.05%. If the planting schedule is carried out systematically by dividing subak into four groups and each group different planting schedules of about half a month and the beginning of the planting schedule in February I, it is obtained that the water use efficiency of irrigation is 86.52%. Thus the planting schedule nyorog can increase the efficiency of irrigation water use through 69.05% to 86.52%.

scholarly journals VARIATIONS OF LAND USE AND IRRIGATION FOR NEXT DECADES UNDER DIFFERENT SCENARIOS

Irriga ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Valipour
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Requirement ◽  
World Bank Group ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Irrigation Water Requirement ◽  
Population Total ◽  
Agricultural Water Management ◽  
Active Population

VARIATIONS OF LAND USE AND IRRIGATION FOR NEXT DECADES UNDER DIFFERENT SCENARIOS MOHAMMAD VALIPOUR¹ ¹Young Researchers and Elite Club, Kermanshah Branch, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran. Email: [email protected]  1 ABSTRACT The goal of this paper is estimation of area equipped for irrigation in Americas in 2035 and 2060 using study of agricultural water management during 1962 to 2011. For this purpose, all necessary information was gathered from Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and was checked using The World Bank Group (WBG). Among all presented data in the FAO database, 10 indexes were selected (due to more importance and more availability for all the regions in Americas). These indexes are permanent crops per cultivated area (%), rural population per total population (%), total economically active population in agriculture per total economically active population (%), human development index (HDI), national rainfall index (NRI) (mm/yr), value added to gross domestic product (GDP) by agriculture (%), irrigation water requirement (mm/yr), percent of total cultivated area drained (%), difference between NIR and irrigation water requirement (mm/yr), and area equipped for irrigation per cultivated area (%). These indexes were analyzed for all 5 regions in the study area and amount of area equipped for irrigation per cultivated area (10th index) was estimated by three different scenarios and using the other 9 indexes. Keywords: agricultural water management, Americas, FAO, irrigation, macroeconomic policies, optimum decision, sustainable development  VALIPOUR, M.VARIAÇÕES DO USO DA TERRA E IRRIGAÇÃO PARA AS PRÓXIMAS DÉCADAS EM DIFERENTES CENÁRIOS  2 RESUMO O objetivo do presente trabalho é estimar a área equipada para irrigação nas Américas nos anos de 2035 e 2060 através do estudo da gestão da água agrícola no período de 1962 a 2011. Para isso, todas as informações necessárias foram obtidas da Organização das Nações Unidas para Agricultura e Alimentação (FAO) e foram verificado através do Grupo Banco Mundial (WBG). Entre todos os dados apresentados na base de dados da FAO, foram selecionados 10 índices (devido à maior importância e maior disponibilidade para todas as regiões das Américas). Estes índices correspondem a culturas permanentes por área cultivada (%), população rural com relação à população total (%), população economicamente ativa na agricultura com relação à população economicamente ativa total (%), índice de desenvolvimento humano (IDH), índice nacional de pluviosidade (NRI) (mm/ano), valor agregado ao Produto Interno Bruto (PIB) pela agricultura (%), necessidade de água de irrigação (mm/ano), porcentagem da área cultivada drenada total (%) diferença entre NRI e necessidade de água de irrigação e área equipada para irrigação por área cultivada (%). Estes índices foram analisados para todas as 5 regiões da área de estudo e a quantidade de área equipada para irrigação por área cultivada (10º índice) foi estimada através de três cenários diferentes, utilizando os outros 9 índices. Os resultados mostram que as mudanças da área equipada para irrigação são de 9,1% a 26,3% e de 17,6% a 51,3% em 2035 e 2060, respectivamente. Palavras-chave: gestão agrícola da água, Américas, FAO, irrigação, políticas macroeconômicas, decisão ideal, desenvolvimento sustentável

scholarly journals Water Use Characteristics of Weeds: A Global Review, Best Practices, and Future Directions

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mandeep Singh ◽  
Meetpal Singh Kukal ◽  
Suat Irmak ◽  
Amit J. Jhala
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Soil System ◽  
Agricultural Water Management ◽  
Reporting Practices

Weeds usually penalize crop yields by competing for resources, such as water, light, nutrients, and space. Most of the studies on the crop-weed competition domain are limited to assessing crop-yield losses due to weed pressure and other crop-weed interactions, overlooking the significant uptake of soil-water by weeds that exacerbates global water constraints and threatens the productivity and profitability. The objective of this review was to synthesize globally available quantitative data on weed water use (WU) sourced from 23 peer-reviewed publications (filtered from 233 publications via a multi-step protocol of inclusion criteria) with experimental investigations across space (3 continents), time (1927–2018), weed species (27 broadleaf and 7 grasses) and characteristics, cropping systems (5), soil types (ranging from coarse-textured sand to fine-textured clay soils), determination techniques, experimental factors (environment, management, resource availability, and competition), and aridity regimes (ranging from semi-arid to humid climate). Distributions of weed WU data reported via eight different metrics were assessed for variability and mean WU. A lack of the best experimental and reporting practices in weed WU research was identified that undermined the robustness, transferability, and application of the WU data. Mandatory protocols and the best practices typically followed in the agricultural water management research were described and recommended for weed scientists to avoid pitfalls in quantifying and presenting weed WU. A model of mixed plant community evapotranspiration (ET) was adapted to model weed-crop-soil system evaporation and transpiration in a crop canopy infested with multiple (n) weed species. Finally, potential cross-disciplinary questions across the domains of crop science, weed science, agricultural water management, irrigation science and engineering, and environmental changes were proposed to direct and prioritize future research efforts in the crop-weed-water arena.

scholarly journals Multi-stakeholder analysis to improve agricultural water management policy and practice in Malta

2020 ◽  
Vol 229 ◽  
pp. 105920 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. D’Agostino ◽  
M. Borg ◽  
S.H. Hallett ◽  
R.S. Sakrabani ◽  
A. Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Stakeholder Analysis ◽  
Management Policy ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Agricultural Water Management ◽  
Multi Stakeholder
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