Differentiation Between Nitrate Aerosol Formation Pathways in a Southeast Chinese City by Dual Isotope and Modeling Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (13) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong‐Wei Xiao ◽  
Ren‐Guo Zhu ◽  
Yuan‐Yuan Pan ◽  
Wei Guo ◽  
Neng‐Jian Zheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Dual Isotope ◽  
Chinese City ◽  
Modeling Studies ◽  
Nitrate Aerosol

scholarly journals The formation, properties and impact of secondary organic aerosol: current and emerging issues

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (14) ◽  
pp. 5155-5236 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hallquist ◽  
J. C. Wenger ◽  
U. Baltensperger ◽  
Y. Rudich ◽  
D. Simpson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Organic Aerosol ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Organic Components ◽  
Modeling Studies ◽  
Tropospheric Aerosol ◽  
Emerging Issues

Abstract. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) accounts for a significant fraction of ambient tropospheric aerosol and a detailed knowledge of the formation, properties and transformation of SOA is therefore required to evaluate its impact on atmospheric processes, climate and human health. The chemical and physical processes associated with SOA formation are complex and varied, and, despite considerable progress in recent years, a quantitative and predictive understanding of SOA formation does not exist and therefore represents a major research challenge in atmospheric science. This review begins with an update on the current state of knowledge on the global SOA budget and is followed by an overview of the atmospheric degradation mechanisms for SOA precursors, gas-particle partitioning theory and the analytical techniques used to determine the chemical composition of SOA. A survey of recent laboratory, field and modeling studies is also presented. The following topical and emerging issues are highlighted and discussed in detail: molecular characterization of biogenic SOA constituents, condensed phase reactions and oligomerization, the interaction of atmospheric organic components with sulfuric acid, the chemical and photochemical processing of organics in the atmospheric aqueous phase, aerosol formation from real plant emissions, interaction of atmospheric organic components with water, thermodynamics and mixtures in atmospheric models. Finally, the major challenges ahead in laboratory, field and modeling studies of SOA are discussed and recommendations for future research directions are proposed.

scholarly journals Nitrate aerosols today and in 2030: a global simulation including aerosols and tropospheric ozone

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (19) ◽  
pp. 5043-5059 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. Bauer ◽  
D. Koch ◽  
N. Unger ◽  
S. M. Metzger ◽  
D. T. Shindell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Radiative Forcing ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Main Role ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Sulphate Aerosols ◽  
The Future ◽  
Nitrate Aerosol

Abstract. Nitrate aerosols are expected to become more important in the future atmosphere due to the expected increase in nitrate precursor emissions and the decline of ammonium-sulphate aerosols in wide regions of this planet. The GISS climate model is used in this study, including atmospheric gas- and aerosol phase chemistry to investigate current and future (2030, following the SRES A1B emission scenario) atmospheric compositions. A set of sensitivity experiments was carried out to quantify the individual impact of emission- and physical climate change on nitrate aerosol formation. We found that future nitrate aerosol loads depend most strongly on changes that may occur in the ammonia sources. Furthermore, microphysical processes that lead to aerosol mixing play a very important role in sulphate and nitrate aerosol formation. The role of nitrate aerosols as climate change driver is analyzed and set in perspective to other aerosol and ozone forcings under pre-industrial, present day and future conditions. In the near future, year 2030, ammonium nitrate radiative forcing is about −0.14 W/m² and contributes roughly 10% of the net aerosol and ozone forcing. The present day nitrate and pre-industrial nitrate forcings are −0.11 and −0.05 W/m², respectively. The steady increase of nitrate aerosols since industrialization increases its role as a non greenhouse gas forcing agent. However, this impact is still small compared to greenhouse gas forcings, therefore the main role nitrate will play in the future atmosphere is as an air pollutant, with annual mean near surface air concentrations, in the fine particle mode, rising above 3 μg/m³ in China and therefore reaching pollution levels, like sulphate aerosols.

scholarly journals Organic nitrate aerosol formation via NO<sub>3</sub> + BVOC in the Southeastern US

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 16235-16272 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Ayres ◽  
H. M. Allen ◽  
D. C. Draper ◽  
S. S. Brown ◽  
R. J. Wild ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Thermal Dissociation ◽  
Organic Nitrate ◽  
Organic Nitrates ◽  
Ionization Mass ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Phase Measurements ◽  
Aerosol Mass ◽  
Southeastern Us ◽  
Nitrate Aerosol

Abstract. Gas- and aerosol-phase measurements of oxidants, biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOC) and organic nitrates made during the Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS campaign, Summer 2013) in central Alabama show that nitrate radical (NO3) reaction with monoterpenes leads to significant secondary aerosol formation. Cumulative losses of NO3 to terpenes are calculated and correlated to gas and aerosol organic nitrate concentrations made during the campaign. Correlation of NO3 radical consumption to organic nitrate aerosol as measured by Aerosol Mass Spectrometry (AMS) and Thermal Dissociation – Laser Induced Fluorescence (TD-LIF) suggests a range of molar yield of aerosol phase monoterpene nitrates of 23–44 %. Compounds observed via chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) are correlated to predicted nitrate loss to terpenes and show C10H17NO5, likely a hydroperoxy nitrate, is a major nitrate oxidized terpene product being incorporated into aerosols. The comparable isoprene product C5H9NO5 was observed to contribute less than 0.5 % of the total organic nitrate in the aerosol-phase and correlations show that it is principally a gas-phase product from nitrate oxidation of isoprene. Organic nitrates comprise between 30 and 45 % of the NOy budget during SOAS. Inorganic nitrates were also monitored and showed that during incidents of increased coarse-mode mineral dust, HNO3 uptake produced nitrate aerosol mass loading comparable to that of organic nitrate produced via NO3 + BVOC.

scholarly journals The formation, properties and impact of secondary organic aerosol: current and emerging issues

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 3555-3762 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hallquist ◽  
J. C. Wenger ◽  
U. Baltensperger ◽  
Y. Rudich ◽  
D. Simpson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Organic Aerosol ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Organic Components ◽  
Modeling Studies ◽  
Tropospheric Aerosol ◽  
Emerging Issues

Abstract. Secondary organic aerosol (SOA) accounts for a significant fraction of ambient tropospheric aerosol and a detailed knowledge of the formation, properties and transformation of SOA is therefore required to evaluate its impact on atmospheric processes, climate and human health. The chemical and physical processes associated with SOA formation are complex and varied, and, despite considerable progress in recent years, a quantitative and predictive understanding of SOA formation does not exist and therefore represents a major research challenge in atmospheric science. This review begins with a description of the current state of knowledge on the global SOA budget and the atmospheric degradation mechanisms for SOA precursors. The topic of gas-particle partitioning theory is followed by an account of the analytical techniques used to determine the chemical composition of SOA. A survey of recent laboratory, field and modeling studies is also presented. The following topical and emerging issues are highlighted and discussed in detail; molecular characterization of biogenic SOA constituents, condensed phase reactions and oligomerization, the interaction of atmospheric organic components with sulfuric acid, the chemical and photochemical processing of organics in the atmospheric aqueous phase, aerosol formation from real plant emissions, interaction of atmospheric organic components with water, thermodynamics and mixtures in atmospheric models. Finally, the major challenges ahead in laboratory, field and modeling studies of SOA are discussed and recommendations for future research directions are proposed.

scholarly journals Organic nitrate aerosol formation via NO<sub>3</sub> + biogenic volatile organic compounds in the southeastern United States

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (23) ◽  
pp. 13377-13392 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Ayres ◽  
H. M. Allen ◽  
D. C. Draper ◽  
S. S. Brown ◽  
R. J. Wild ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Compounds ◽  
Organic Nitrate ◽  
Organic Nitrates ◽  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Biogenic Volatile Organic Compounds ◽  
Aerosol Mass ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Nitrate Aerosol

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Gas- and aerosol-phase measurements of oxidants, biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs) and organic nitrates made during the Southern Oxidant and Aerosol Study (SOAS campaign, Summer 2013) in central Alabama show that a nitrate radical (NO<sub>3</sub>) reaction with monoterpenes leads to significant secondary aerosol formation. Cumulative losses of NO<sub>3</sub> to terpenes are correlated with increase in gas- and aerosol-organic nitrate concentrations made during the campaign. Correlation of NO<sub>3</sub> radical consumption to organic nitrate aerosol formation as measured by aerosol mass spectrometry and thermal dissociation laser-induced fluorescence suggests a molar yield of aerosol-phase monoterpene nitrates of 23–44 %. Compounds observed via chemical ionization mass spectrometry (CIMS) are correlated to predicted nitrate loss to BVOCs and show C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>17</sub>NO<sub>5</sub>, likely a hydroperoxy nitrate, is a major nitrate-oxidized terpene product being incorporated into aerosols. The comparable isoprene product C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>9</sub>NO<sub>5</sub> was observed to contribute less than 1 % of the total organic nitrate in the aerosol phase and correlations show that it is principally a gas-phase product from nitrate oxidation of isoprene. Organic nitrates comprise between 30 and 45 % of the NO<sub><I>y</I></sub> budget during SOAS. Inorganic nitrates were also monitored and showed that during incidents of increased coarse-mode mineral dust, HNO<sub>3</sub> uptake produced nitrate aerosol mass loading at a rate comparable to that of organic nitrate produced via NO<sub>3</sub> + BVOCs.</p>

New insights into 3M3M1B: the role of water in ˙OH-initiated degradation and aerosol formation in the presence of NOX (X = 1, 2) and an alkali

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (31) ◽  
pp. 17378-17392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng-Yang Bai ◽  
Shuang Ni ◽  
Yi-Zhen Tang ◽  
Xiu-Mei Pan ◽  
Zhen Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Aerosol Formation ◽  
Metal Free ◽  
Nitrate Aerosol

Metal-free catalysis of the ˙OH-initiated degradation of 3M3M1B, nitrate aerosol formation, and peroxynitrate decomposition.

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