Assessing the Effects of the Hong Kong‐Zhuhai‐Macau Bridge on the Total Suspended Solids in the Pearl River Estuary Based on Landsat Time Series

2020 ◽  
Vol 125 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Guo ◽  
Chunlei Ma ◽  
Bin Ai ◽  
Xiaoping Xu ◽  
Wei Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Suspended Solids ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Total Suspended Solids ◽  
Pearl River Estuary ◽  
Pearl River ◽  
The Pearl River Estuary ◽  
The Pearl River

scholarly journals Using Satellite Remote Sensing to Study the Effect of Sand Excavation on the Suspended Sediment in the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge Region

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 435
Author(s):  
Fenfen Liu ◽  
Tonghui Zhang ◽  
Haibin Ye ◽  
Shilin Tang
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Pearl River Estuary ◽  
Pearl River ◽  
The Pearl River Estuary ◽  
Suspended Sediment Concentrations ◽  
The Pearl River

The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge crosses the Pearl River Estuary and is the largest bridge and tunnel project in the world. During the construction period of this project, the excessive suspended sediment was found in the construction region. The suspended sediment generated by sand excavation in the upstream was assumed to have a significant impact on the suspended sediment in the tunnel region. In this study, we assessed the impact of upstream sand excavation on the suspended sediment in the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge construction area using Landsat OLI, ETM+, and TM data. Regional suspended sediment algorithms were developed for Landsat using a symbolic regression method based on data from in situ measurements in the study area from 2003 to 2014. A band shift was conducted on the remote sensing reflectance data from Landsat ETM+ and OLI to produce a time series of the suspended sediment concentrations that was internally consistent with that of the Landsat TM data. The suspended sediment distribution was extracted and used to compare under two different conditions, with and without sand excavation. The correlations of the time series of the suspended sediment concentrations in different regions in the surrounding waters, including the correlations between the construction regions and the sand excavation regions, were calculated. Our results indicated that the sand excavation north of the Pearl River Estuary had a limited impact on the surface suspended sediment concentrations in the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge tunnel area.

scholarly journals Reconstruction of the track and a simulation of the storm surge associated with the calamitous typhoon affecting the Pearl River Estuary in September 1874

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-64
Author(s):  
Hing Yim Mok ◽  
Wing Hong Lui ◽  
Dick Shum Lau ◽  
Wang Chun Woo
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
South China ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Pearl River Estuary ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Pearl River ◽  
The Pearl River Estuary ◽  
The Pearl River

Abstract. A typhoon struck the Pearl River Estuary in September 1874 (“Typhoon 1874”), causing extensive damage and claiming thousands of lives in the region during its passage. Like many other historical typhoons, the deadliest impact of the typhoon was its associated storm surge. In this paper, a possible track of the typhoon was reconstructed through an analysis of the historical qualitative and quantitative weather observations in the Philippines, the northern part of the South China Sea, Hong Kong, Macao, and Guangdong recorded in various historical documents. The magnitudes of the associated storm surges and storm tides in Hong Kong and Macao were also quantitatively estimated using storm surge model and analogue astronomical tides based on the reconstructed track. The results indicated that the typhoon could have crossed the Luzon Strait from the western North Pacific and moved across the northeastern part of the South China Sea to strike the Pearl River Estuary more or less as a super typhoon in the early morning on 23 September 1874. The typhoon passed about 60 km south–southwest of Hong Kong and made landfall in Macao, bringing maximum storm tides of around 4.9 m above the Hong Kong Chart Datum (http://www.geodetic.gov.hk/smo/gsi/Data/pdf/explanatorynotes.pdf, last access: 3 January 2020) at the Victoria Harbour in Hong Kong and around 5.4 m above the Macao Chart Datum (https://mosref.dscc.gov.mo/Help/ref/Macaucoord_2009_web_EN_v201702.pdf, last access: 3 January 2020) at Porto Interior (inner harbour) in Macao. Both the maximum storm tide (4.88 m above the Hong Kong Chart Datum) and maximum storm surge (2.83 m) brought by Typhoon 1874 at the Victoria Harbour estimated in this study are higher than all the existing records since the establishment of the Hong Kong Observatory in 1883, including the recent records set by super typhoon Mangkhut on 16 September 2018.

scholarly journals Reconstruction of track and simulation of storm surge associated with the calamitous typhoon affecting the Pearl River Estuary in September 1874

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hing Yim Mok ◽  
Wing Hong Lui ◽  
Dick Shum Lau ◽  
Wang Chun Woo
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
South China Sea ◽  
Storm Surge ◽  
South China ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Pearl River Estuary ◽  
The South China Sea ◽  
Pearl River ◽  
The Pearl River Estuary ◽  
The Pearl River

Abstract. A typhoon struck the Pearl River Estuary in September 1874 (the Typhoon 1874), causing extensive damages and claiming thousands of lives in the region during its passage. Like many other historical typhoons, the deadliest impact of the typhoon was its associated storm surge. In this paper, a possible track of the typhoon was reconstructed by analysis of the historical qualitative and quantitative weather observations in the Philippines, the northern part of the South China Sea, Hong Kong, Macao and Guangdong recorded in various historical documents. The magnitudes of the associated storm surges and storm tides in Hong Kong and Macao were also quantitatively estimated using storm surge model and analogue astronomical tides based on the reconstructed track. The results indicated that the typhoon could have crossed the Luzon Strait from the western North Pacific and moved across the northeastern part of the South China Sea to strike the Pearl River Estuary more or less as a super typhoon in the early morning on 23 September 1874. The typhoon passed about 60 km south-southwest of Hong Kong and made landfall in Macao, bringing maximum storm tides of around 4.9 m above the Hong Kong Chart Datum at the Victoria Harbour in Hong Kong and around 5.4 m above the Macao Chart Datum at Porto Interior (inner harbour) in Macao. Both the maximum storm tide (4.88 m above Hong Kong Chart Datum) and maximum storm surge (2.83 m) brought by Typhoon 1874 at the Victoria Harbour estimated in this study are higher than all the existing records since the establishment of the Hong Kong Observatory in 1883, including the recent records set by super typhoon Mangkhut on 16 September 2018.

scholarly journals Large-scale Long Time-series InSAR Land Subsidence Research in the Pearl River Estuary

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
xiaowen luo ◽  
Hui Gao ◽  
Ziyin Wu ◽  
Shoujun Li ◽  
Jihong Shang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Land Subsidence ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Human Life ◽  
River Estuary ◽  
Pearl River Estuary ◽  
Pearl River ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Distribution ◽  
The Pearl River Estuary ◽  
The Pearl River

Abstract Due to the influence of human activity and changes in natural conditions, the Pearl River Estuary (PRE) has emerged as a large-scale area of land subsidence, which represents a serious threat to the quality of human life and sustainable socio-economic development. In response to the problems associated with the lack of man-made targets of traditional time-series Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) in estuaries and other coastal areas, a distributed scatterers (DS) InSAR method based on a spatially adaptive filter and an eigendecomposition algorithm to estimating the optimal phase of statistically homogeneous DS was applied to obtain subsidence data using 67 scenes Sentinel-1A SAR images covering the PRE. The temporal and spatial distribution characteristics of land subsidence were analyzed. The results suggest that land subsidence in the PRE was widespread and unevenly distributed with large differences between 2015 and 2018. The northwest and southeast are the main subsidence areas, with a maximum sedimentation rate greater than 25 mm/year.

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