scholarly journals A model for buoyant tephra plumes coupled to lava fountains with an application to the 29th of August 2011 paroxysmal eruption at Mount Etna, Italy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Snee ◽  
W. Degruyter ◽  
C. Bonadonna ◽  
S. Scollo ◽  
E. Rossi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mount Etna ◽  
Lava Fountains

Open-path FTIR spectroscopy of magma degassing processes during eight lava fountains on Mount Etna

2015 ◽  
Vol 413 ◽  
pp. 123-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandro La Spina ◽  
Mike Burton ◽  
Patrick Allard ◽  
Salvatore Alparone ◽  
Filippo Muré
Keyword(s):  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Mount Etna ◽  
Magma Degassing ◽  
Open Path ◽  
Lava Fountains

scholarly journals On the use of plume models to estimate the flux in volcanic gas plumes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Woitischek ◽  
Nicola Mingotti ◽  
Marie Edmonds ◽  
Andrew W. Woods
Keyword(s):  
Electrochemical Sensors ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Flux Measurement ◽  
Hydrothermal Systems ◽  
Mount Etna ◽  
Volcanic Gas ◽  
Gas Flux ◽  
Convective Structures ◽  
Video Images ◽  
Villarrica Volcano

AbstractMany of the standard volcanic gas flux measurement approaches involve absorption spectroscopy in combination with wind speed measurements. Here, we present a new method using video images of volcanic plumes to measure the speed of convective structures combined with classical plume theory to estimate volcanic fluxes. We apply the method to a nearly vertical gas plume at Villarrica Volcano, Chile, and a wind-blown gas plume at Mount Etna, Italy. Our estimates of the gas fluxes are consistent in magnitude with previous reported fluxes obtained by spectroscopy and electrochemical sensors for these volcanoes. Compared to conventional gas flux measurement techniques focusing on SO2, our new model also has the potential to be used for sulfur-poor plumes in hydrothermal systems because it estimates the H2O flux.

scholarly journals Anatomy of a Paroxysmal Lava Fountain at Etna Volcano: The Case of the 12 March 2021, Episode

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3052
Author(s):  
Sonia Calvari ◽  
Alessandro Bonaccorso ◽  
Gaetana Ganci
Keyword(s):  
Lava Flow ◽  
Ground Deformation ◽  
Monitoring Network ◽  
Lava Flows ◽  
Etna Volcano ◽  
Lava Fountain ◽  
Eruptive Episode ◽  
Lava Fountains ◽  
Borehole Strainmeter ◽  
Ash Plume

On 13 December 2020, Etna volcano entered a new eruptive phase, giving rise to a number of paroxysmal episodes involving increased Strombolian activity from the summit craters, lava fountains feeding several-km high eruptive columns and ash plumes, as well as lava flows. As of 2 August 2021, 57 such episodes have occurred in 2021, all of them from the New Southeast Crater (NSEC). Each paroxysmal episode lasted a few hours and was sometimes preceded (but more often followed) by lava flow output from the crater rim lasting a few hours. In this paper, we use remote sensing data from the ground and satellite, integrated with ground deformation data recorded by a high precision borehole strainmeter to characterize the 12 March 2021 eruptive episode, which was one of the most powerful (and best recorded) among that occurred since 13 December 2020. We describe the formation and growth of the lava fountains, and the way they feed the eruptive column and the ash plume, using data gathered from the INGV visible and thermal camera monitoring network, compared with satellite images. We show the growth of the lava flow field associated with the explosive phase obtained from a fixed thermal monitoring camera. We estimate the erupted volume of pyroclasts from the heights of the lava fountains measured by the cameras, and the erupted lava flow volume from the satellite-derived radiant heat flux. We compare all erupted volumes (pyroclasts plus lava flows) with the total erupted volume inferred from the volcano deflation recorded by the borehole strainmeter, obtaining a total erupted volume of ~3 × 106 m3 of magma constrained by the strainmeter. This volume comprises ~1.6 × 106 m3 of pyroclasts erupted during the lava fountain and 2.4 × 106 m3 of lava flow, with ~30% of the erupted pyroclasts being remobilized as rootless lava to feed the lava flows. The episode lasted 130 min and resulted in an eruption rate of ~385 m3 s−1 and caused the formation of an ash plume rising from the margins of the lava fountain that rose up to 12.6 km a.s.l. in ~1 h. The maximum elevation of the ash plume was well constrained by an empirical formula that can be used for prompt hazard assessment.

Chemical variation of clinopyroxene phenocrysts from the trachybasaltic lavas of Mount Etna, Sicily

1980 ◽  
Vol 43 (330) ◽  
pp. 765-770 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Duncan ◽  
R. M. F. Preston
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Mount Etna ◽  
Chemical Variation ◽  
Etna Volcano ◽  
Trace Element Chemistry ◽  
Sector Zoning ◽  
Steady Decrease ◽  
Element Chemistry

SummaryThe chemical variation of clinopyroxene phenocrysts from the trachybasaltic lavas of Etna volcano is described. The phenocrysts show a limited, but distinct trend in chemical variation from calcic-augite in the hawaiites to augite in the benmoreites. The trend of this variation is unusual, being one of Mg-enrichment with differentiation of the magma. Ca shows a steady decrease in the clinopyroxenes from the hawaiites to the benmoreites. Na, however, shows little chemical variation in the pyroxenes. The trace element chemistry is briefly examined. The clinopyroxenes show well-developed oscillatory and sector zoning. The basal {11} sectors are enriched in Si and Mg and depleted in Ti, Al, and Fe relative to the {100}, {110}, and {010} prism sectors.

scholarly journals Modeling the effects of eruptive and seismic activities on flank instability at Mount Etna, Italy

2013 ◽  
Vol 118 (10) ◽  
pp. 5252-5273 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Bozzano ◽  
M. Gaeta ◽  
L. Lenti ◽  
S. Martino ◽  
A. Paciello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mount Etna

The epidemiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis in the Mount Etna region: a possible pathogenic role of volcanogenic metals

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 964-972 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Nicoletti ◽  
R. Vasta ◽  
V. Venti ◽  
G. Mostile ◽  
S. Lo Fermo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Mount Etna ◽  
Pathogenic Role ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis
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