Linking the different diameter types of aspherical desert dust indicates that models underestimate coarse dust emission

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Huang ◽  
Adeyemi A. Adebiyi ◽  
Paola Formenti ◽  
Jasper F. Kok
Keyword(s):  
Dust Emission ◽  
Desert Dust

Modelling an exceptional desert dust transport toward Portugal on February 2017

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria João Costa ◽  
Flavio Couto ◽  
Eduardo Cardoso ◽  
Rui Salgado ◽  
Juan Luis Guerrero-Rascado
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Atmospheric Circulation ◽  
Dust Emission ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Sahara Desert ◽  
Dust Transport ◽  
Western Sahara ◽  
Orographic Effects ◽  
Desert Dust ◽  
The North

<p>The terrain surrounding the Sahara desert is formed by some mountains ranges, as the Atlas mountain system in the northern edge of the desert and the Hoggar Mountains in Southern Algeria. Such orography, jointly with atmospheric circulation, plays an important role in the mobilization and transport of desert dust over medium and large distances. This study explores the interaction between complex terrain and atmospheric circulation in order to better understand an exceptional desert dust outbreak affecting Portugal in February 2017. The Meso-NH model is able to represent the atmospheric motions in different scales, and has been implemented with a rather complete parametrization package of physical processes in the atmosphere. The capability of the model to simulate dust emission is also explored. The on-line dust emission parametrization type is taken from the distribution of emitted dust of SURFEX with no need to use chemistry to activate dusts. A set of two simulations was performed for the period between 16 February at 0000 UTC to 24 February 1200 UTC, with the Meso-NH model configured in a single domain at 10 km horizontal resolution and 300x360 grid points. The experiments were defined as a) control experiment (CTRL), and b) dust experiment (DUST). From the large domain simulations, it was possible to assess the source of dust and its mobilization over Western Sahara desert, namely over the Northern part of Mauritania and Mali and Eastern part of Algeria. The formation of a cyclonic circulation at the surface favoured the dust uplifting. Such a surface low merged with a cut-off low that moved southward over the Iberian Peninsula and remained centred in the north of Morocco. Such pattern intensified the northward flow found at 700 hPa toward the Atlas Mountains range, inducing the dust transport above 3 km altitude. As expected, the simulations showed the ability to assess important details about the atmospheric circulation not resolved by low density of observations over the domain considered. Furthermore, the simulations were able to show the way that the atmospheric ingredients were brought together to produce the exceptional transport of desert dust toward Portugal. The orographic effects playing an important role in dust mobilization (convergence and cyclogenesis at the surface) and atmospheric circulation to the maintenance of the dust transport have been highlighted. Such event were responsible for the transport of high amount of dust toward the Iberian Peninsula.</p>

scholarly journals WRF-Chem model simulations of a dust outbreak over the central Mediterranean and comparison with multi-sensor desert dust observations

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umberto Rizza ◽  
Francesca Barnaba ◽  
Mario Marcello Miglietta ◽  
Cristina Mangia ◽  
Luca Di Liberto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dust Emission ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Temporal Correlation ◽  
Vertical Displacement ◽  
Saharan Dust ◽  
Central Mediterranean ◽  
Desert Dust ◽  
Pm10 And Pm2.5 ◽  
Vertical Scale ◽  
Model Measurement

Abstract. In this study, the Weather Research and Forecasting model with online coupled chemistry (WRF-Chem) is applied to simulate an intense Saharan dust outbreak event that took place over the Mediterranean in May 2014. Comparison of a simulation using a physics-based desert dust emission scheme with a numerical experiment using a simplified (minimal) emission scheme is included to highlight the advantages of the former. The model was found to reproduce well the synoptic meteorological conditions driving the dust outbreak: an omega-like pressure configuration associated with a cyclogenesis in the Atlantic coasts of Spain. The model performances in reproducing the atmospheric desert dust load were evaluated using a multi-platform observational dataset of aerosol and desert dust properties, including optical properties from satellite and ground-based sun photometers and lidars, plus in situ particulate matter mass concentration (PM) data. This comparison allowed us to investigate the model ability in reproducing both the horizontal and the vertical displacement of the dust plume, as well as its evolution in time. The comparison with satellite (MODIS-Terra) and sun photometers (AERONET) showed that the model is able to reproduce well the horizontal field of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) and its evolution in time (temporal correlation coefficient with AERONET of 0.85). On the vertical scale, the comparison with lidar data at a single site (Rome, Italy) confirms that the desert dust advection occurs in several, superimposed "pulses" as simulated by the model. Cross-analysis of the modeled AOD and desert dust emission fluxes further allowed for the source regions of the observed plumes to be inferred. The vertical displacement of the modeled dust plume was in rather good agreement with the lidar soundings, with correlation coefficients among aerosol extinction profiles up to 1 and mean discrepancy of about 50 %. The model–measurement comparison for PM10 and PM2.5 showed a good temporal matching, although it revealed a marked overestimation of PM10 and PM2.5 (of the order of 70 % during the dust peak). For PM10, it was also possible to investigate the accordance between the model- and the measurement-based dust PM10, this confirming the model PM10 overestimation to be related to over-predicted dust mass up to a factor of 140 %. In all the model–measurement comparisons performed, the enhanced capabilities of the physics-based emission scheme with respect to its simplified, minimal version were evident and are documented.

scholarly journals Development and evaluation of desert dust emission model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Σεραφείμ Κόντος
Keyword(s):  
Dust Emission ◽  
Emission Model ◽  
Desert Dust

Αντικείμενο της διατριβής αυτής είναι η μελέτη των παραμετροποιήσεων μοντελοποίησης της σκόνης από ερημικές και ημιερημικές περιοχές, μέσω της ανάπτυξης και αξιολόγησης μοντέλου φυσικών εκπομπών. Στο πλαίσιο του διδακτορικού αναπτύχθηκαν και επικαιροποιήθηκαν οι αλγόριθμοι του μοντέλου φυσικών εκπομπών ΝΕΜΟ, το οποίο έχει αναπτυχθεί στο Εργαστήριο Φυσικής της Ατμόσφαιρας του Α.Π.Θ., ώστε να αποδίδει και την παραγωγή ερημικής σκόνης. Οι παραμετροποίήσεις που αναπτύχθηκαν στο ΝΕΜΟ εφαρμόστηκαν στην περιοχή της Μέσης Ανατολής, προκειμένου να αναλυθούν οι διαφοροποιήσεις σε επίπεδο εκπομπών, καθώς και να αξιολογηθούν με τελικό σκοπό την ανεύρεση του βέλτιστου συνδυασμού(ων) παραμετροποιήσεων.

EULER-LAGRANGE APPROACH OF DUST EMISSION AND DISPERSION FROM STOCKPILES OF GRANULAR MATERIALS

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Furieri ◽  
Edilson Luiz do Nascimento ◽  
Neyval Reis ◽  
jane meri Santos ◽  
Enilene Lovatte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Granular Materials ◽  
Dust Emission ◽  
Lagrange Approach

scholarly journals OUTFLOW AND HOT DUST EMISSION IN HIGH-REDSHIFT QUASARS

2013 ◽  
Vol 776 (1) ◽  
pp. L15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huiyuan Wang ◽  
Feijun Xing ◽  
Kai Zhang ◽  
Tinggui Wang ◽  
Hongyan Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Redshift ◽  
Dust Emission

scholarly journals The impact of measures to reduce ambient air PM<sub>10</sub> concentrations originating from road dust, evaluated for a street canyon in Helsinki

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (17) ◽  
pp. 11199-11212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Stojiljkovic ◽  
Mari Kauhaniemi ◽  
Jaakko Kukkonen ◽  
Kaarle Kupiainen ◽  
Ari Karppinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Street Canyon ◽  
Dust Emission ◽  
Road Dust ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Air Quality Measurements ◽  
Emission Models ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Quality Measurements

Abstract. We have numerically evaluated how effective selected potential measures would be for reducing the impact of road dust on ambient air particulate matter (PM10). The selected measures included a reduction of the use of studded tyres on light-duty vehicles and a reduction of the use of salt or sand for traction control. We have evaluated these measures for a street canyon located in central Helsinki for four years (2007–2009 and 2014). Air quality measurements were conducted in the street canyon for two years, 2009 and 2014. Two road dust emission models, NORTRIP (NOn-exhaust Road TRaffic Induced Particle emissions) and FORE (Forecasting Of Road dust Emissions), were applied in combination with the Operational Street Pollution Model (OSPM), a street canyon dispersion model, to compute the street increments of PM10 (i.e. the fraction of PM10 concentration originating from traffic emissions at the street level) within the street canyon. The predicted concentrations were compared with the air quality measurements. Both road dust emission models reproduced the seasonal variability of the PM10 concentrations fairly well but under-predicted the annual mean values. It was found that the largest reductions of concentrations could potentially be achieved by reducing the fraction of vehicles that use studded tyres. For instance, a 30 % decrease in the number of vehicles using studded tyres would result in an average decrease in the non-exhaust street increment of PM10 from 10 % to 22 %, depending on the model used and the year considered. Modelled contributions of traction sand and salt to the annual mean non-exhaust street increment of PM10 ranged from 4 % to 20 % for the traction sand and from 0.1 % to 4 % for the traction salt. The results presented here can be used to support the development of optimal strategies for reducing high springtime particulate matter concentrations originating from road dust.

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