scholarly journals Global Venus‐Solar Wind Coupling and Oxygen Ion Escape

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Persson ◽  
Y. Futaana ◽  
R. Ramstad ◽  
A. Schillings ◽  
K. Masunaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Oxygen Ion ◽  
Ion Escape

scholarly journals The fate of O<sup>+</sup> ions observed in the plasma mantle: particle tracing modelling and cluster observations

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 645-656
Author(s):  
Audrey Schillings ◽  
Herbert Gunell ◽  
Hans Nilsson ◽  
Alexandre De Spiegeleer ◽  
Yusuke Ebihara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Geomagnetic Activity ◽  
Particle Tracing ◽  
Ion Outflow ◽  
Oxygen Ion ◽  
Ion Escape ◽  
Cluster Data ◽  
Magnetic Field Model ◽  
Solar Wind Parameters ◽  
Ionospheric Potential

Abstract. Ion escape is of particular interest for studying the evolution of the atmosphere on geological timescales. Previously, using Cluster-CODIF data, we investigated the oxygen ion outflow from the plasma mantle for different solar wind conditions and geomagnetic activity. We found significant correlations between solar wind parameters, geomagnetic activity (Kp index), and the O+ outflow. From these studies, we suggested that O+ ions observed in the plasma mantle and cusp have enough energy and velocity to escape the magnetosphere and be lost into the solar wind or in the distant magnetotail. Thus, this study aims to investigate where the ions observed in the plasma mantle end up. In order to answer this question, we numerically calculate the trajectories of O+ ions using a tracing code to further test this assumption and determine the fate of the observed ions. Our code consists of a magnetic field model (Tsyganenko T96) and an ionospheric potential model (Weimer 2001) in which particles initiated in the plasma mantle region are launched and traced forward in time. We analysed 131 observations of plasma mantle events in Cluster data between 2001 and 2007, and for each event 200 O+ particles were launched with an initial thermal and parallel bulk velocity corresponding to the velocities observed by Cluster. After the tracing, we found that 98 % of the particles are lost into the solar wind or in the distant tail. Out of these 98 %, 20 % escape via the dayside magnetosphere.

scholarly journals The fate of O<sup>+</sup> ions observed in the plasma mantle and cusp: particle tracing modelling and Cluster observations

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Schillings ◽  
Herbert Gunell ◽  
Hans Nilsson ◽  
Alexandre De Spiegeleer ◽  
Yusuke Ebihara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Geomagnetic Activity ◽  
Geological Time ◽  
Particle Tracing ◽  
Ion Outflow ◽  
Oxygen Ion ◽  
Ion Escape ◽  
Cluster Data ◽  
Magnetic Field Model ◽  
Solar Wind Parameters

Abstract. Ion escape is of particular interest for studying the evolution of the atmosphere on geological time scales. Previously, using Cluster-CODIF data, we investigated the oxygen ion outflow from the plasma mantle for different solar wind conditions and geomagnetic activity. We found significant correlations between solar wind parameters, geomagnetic activity (Kp index) and the O+ outflow. From these studies, we suggested that O+ ions observed in the plasma mantle and cusp have enough energy and velocity to escape the magnetosphere and be lost into the solar wind or in the distant magnetotail. Thus, this study aims to investigate where do the ions observed in the plasma mantle end up. In order to answer this question, we numerically calculate the trajectories of O+ ions using a tracing code to further test this assumption and determine the fate of the observed ions. Our code consists of a magnetic field model (Tsyganenko T96) and an ionospheric potential model (Weimer 2001) in which particles initiated in the plasma mantle and cusp regions are launched and traced forward in time. We analysed 136 observations of plasma mantle or cusp events in Cluster data between 2001 and 2007, and for each event 200 O+ particles were launched with an initial parallel and perpendicular velocity corresponding to the bulk velocity observed by Cluster. From the observations, our results show that 93 % of the events have an initial parallel velocity component twice the initial perpendicular velocity. After the tracing, we found that 96 % of the particles are lost into the solar wind or in the distant tail. Out of these 96 %, 20 % escape into the dayside magnetosphere.

scholarly journals Oxygen ion escape from Venus in a global hybrid simulation: role of the ionospheric O<sup>+</sup> ions

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
pp. 4333-4348 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Jarvinen ◽  
E. Kallio ◽  
P. Janhunen ◽  
S. Barabash ◽  
T. L. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Hybrid Simulation ◽  
Solar Wind Interaction ◽  
Simulation Code ◽  
Oxygen Ion ◽  
Ion Escape ◽  
Global Configuration ◽  
Best Fit ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Abstract. We study the solar wind induced oxygen ion escape from Venus' upper atmosphere and the Venus Express observations of the Venus-solar wind interaction by the HYB-Venus hybrid simulation code. We compare the simulation to the magnetic field and ion observations during an orbit of nominal upstream conditions. Further, we study the response of the induced magnetosphere to the emission of planetary ions. The hybrid simulation is found to be able to reproduce the main observed regions of the Venusian plasma environment: the bow shock (both perpendicular and parallel regions), the magnetic barrier, the central tail current sheet, the magnetic tail lobes, the magnetosheath and the planetary wake. The simulation is found to best fit the observations when the planetary \\oxy~escape rate is in the range from 3×1024 s−1 to 1.5×1025 s−1. This range was also found to be a limit for a test particle-like behaviour of the planetary ions: the higher escape rates manifest themselves in a different global configuration of the Venusian induced magnetosphere.

scholarly journals Mars Under Primordial Solar Wind Conditions: Mars Express Observations of the Strongest CME Detected at Mars Under Solar Cycle #24 and its Impact on Atmospheric Ion Escape

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin Ramstad ◽  
Stas Barabash ◽  
Yoshifumi Futaana ◽  
Masatoshi Yamauchi ◽  
Hans Nilsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Solar Cycle ◽  
Mars Express ◽  
Ion Escape ◽  
Solar Cycle 24 ◽  
Cycle 24

scholarly journals Ion escape from the upper ionosphere of Titan triggered by the solar wind

2019 ◽  
Vol 364 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
W. M. Moslem ◽  
S. Salem ◽  
R. Sabry ◽  
M. Lazar ◽  
R. E. Tolba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Ion Escape ◽  
Upper Ionosphere

Modulation of the solar wind driven ion escape from unmagnetized planets by ultra-low-frequency foreshock waves in a global hybrid simulation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riku Jarvinen ◽  
Esa Kallio ◽  
Tuija Pulkkinen
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Hybrid Simulation ◽  
Bow Shock ◽  
Upstream Region ◽  
Ulf Waves ◽  
Solar Wind Interaction ◽  
Ion Escape ◽  
A Charge

&lt;p&gt;We study the solar wind interaction with Venus in a 3-dimensional global hybrid model where ions are treated as particles and electrons are a charge-neutralizing fluid. We concentrate on large-scale ultra-low frequency (ULF) waves in the ion foreshock and how they affect the energization and escape of planetary ions. The ion foreshock forms in the upstream region ahead of the quasi-parallel bow shock, where the angle between the shock normal and the magnetic field is smaller than about 45 degrees. The magnetic connection with the bow shock allows backstreaming of the solar wind ions leading to the formation of the ion foreshock. This kind of beam-plasma configuration is a source of free energy for the excitation of plasma waves. The foreshock ULF waves convect downstream with the solar wind flow and encounter the bow shock and transmit in the downstream region. We analyze the coupling of the ULF waves with the planetary ion acceleration and compare Venus and Mars in a global hybrid simulation.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals The importance of pickup oxygen ion precipitation to the Mars upper atmosphere under extreme solar wind conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 1922-1927 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaohua Fang ◽  
Stephen W. Bougher ◽  
Robert E. Johnson ◽  
Janet G. Luhmann ◽  
Yingjuan Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Upper Atmosphere ◽  
Oxygen Ion

Electric current systems at Mars and Venus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Markus Fränz ◽  
Eduard Dubinin ◽  
Lukas Maes
Keyword(s):  
Solar Wind ◽  
Electric Current ◽  
Dynamic Models ◽  
Bow Shock ◽  
Dynamic Effects ◽  
Current Configuration ◽  
Ion Escape ◽  
Shock Location ◽  
Physical Effects ◽  
Current Systems

&lt;p&gt;The physics of the interaction of unmagnetized planets with the Solar wind has&lt;br /&gt;been investigated since the first Mariner spacecraft did reach Mars and Venus&lt;br /&gt;more than 50 years ago. Recent observations of the magnetic fields at Mars allowed&amp;#160;&lt;br /&gt;to derive the global electric current configuration in the Martian system.&lt;br /&gt;Earlier magneto hydro-dynamic models were able to predict the formation&lt;br /&gt;and location of the bowshock in front of the planets. More sophisticated models&amp;#160;&lt;br /&gt;of the interaction with the magnetized solar wind later could demonstrate&lt;br /&gt;the global static picture of the plasma environment of Mars and Venus. But earlier models were rarely&lt;br /&gt;able to model dynamic effects and the timing of physical process in this interaction.&lt;br /&gt;We here use the open source PLUTO code in its 3D spherical hydrodynamic and magneto-hydrodynamic version.&amp;#160;&lt;br /&gt;We also develop a multi-species extension of this code.&amp;#160;&lt;br /&gt;We investigate the interaction of the solar wind with the ionospheres of Mars and Venus with the aim to understand the&amp;#160;&lt;br /&gt;importance of &amp;#160;different physical effects on bow shock location, ion escape and specifically the electric current structures.&amp;#160;&lt;br /&gt;We compare these simulations to observations by the VEX and MAVEN spacecraft.&lt;/p&gt;

Oxygen ion escape at Mars in a hybrid model: High energy and low energy ions

Icarus ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 206 (1) ◽  
pp. 152-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esa Kallio ◽  
Kaijun Liu ◽  
Riku Jarvinen ◽  
Valter Pohjola ◽  
Pekka Janhunen
Keyword(s):  
Hybrid Model ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Oxygen Ion ◽  
Ion Escape ◽  
Low Energy Ions
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