scholarly journals Record‐Breaking Increases in Arctic Solar Ultraviolet Radiation Caused by Exceptionally Large Ozone Depletion in 2020

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Germar H. Bernhard ◽  
Vitali E. Fioletov ◽  
Jens‐Uwe Grooß ◽  
Iolanda Ialongo ◽  
Bjørn Johnsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
Solar Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Solar Ultraviolet

scholarly journals Stratospheric ozone depletion

2006 ◽  
Vol 361 (1469) ◽  
pp. 769-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Sherwood Rowland
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Ozone Layer ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Montreal Protocol ◽  
Atmospheric Measurements ◽  
Solar Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Solar Ultraviolet

Solar ultraviolet radiation creates an ozone layer in the atmosphere which in turn completely absorbs the most energetic fraction of this radiation. This process both warms the air, creating the stratosphere between 15 and 50 km altitude, and protects the biological activities at the Earth's surface from this damaging radiation. In the last half-century, the chemical mechanisms operating within the ozone layer have been shown to include very efficient catalytic chain reactions involving the chemical species HO, HO 2 , NO, NO 2 , Cl and ClO. The NO X and ClO X chains involve the emission at Earth's surface of stable molecules in very low concentration (N 2 O, CCl 2 F 2 , CCl 3 F, etc.) which wander in the atmosphere for as long as a century before absorbing ultraviolet radiation and decomposing to create NO and Cl in the middle of the stratospheric ozone layer. The growing emissions of synthetic chlorofluorocarbon molecules cause a significant diminution in the ozone content of the stratosphere, with the result that more solar ultraviolet-B radiation (290–320 nm wavelength) reaches the surface. This ozone loss occurs in the temperate zone latitudes in all seasons, and especially drastically since the early 1980s in the south polar springtime—the ‘Antarctic ozone hole’. The chemical reactions causing this ozone depletion are primarily based on atomic Cl and ClO, the product of its reaction with ozone. The further manufacture of chlorofluorocarbons has been banned by the 1992 revisions of the 1987 Montreal Protocol of the United Nations. Atmospheric measurements have confirmed that the Protocol has been very successful in reducing further emissions of these molecules. Recovery of the stratosphere to the ozone conditions of the 1950s will occur slowly over the rest of the twenty-first century because of the long lifetime of the precursor molecules.

scholarly journals Record-Breaking Increases in Arctic Solar Ultraviolet Radiation Caused by Exceptionally Large Ozone Depletion in 2020

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Germar H Bernhard ◽  
Vitali E Fioletov ◽  
Jens-Uwe Grooß ◽  
Iolanda Ialongo ◽  
Bjørn Johnsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
Solar Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Solar Ultraviolet

scholarly journals Solar ultraviolet radiation and ozone depletion-driven climate change: effects on terrestrial ecosystems

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Bornman ◽  
P. W. Barnes ◽  
S. A. Robinson ◽  
C. L. Ballaré ◽  
S. D. Flint ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Ozone Depletion ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Solar Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Climate Change Effects ◽  
Change Factors ◽  
Solar Ultraviolet

We summarise advances in our knowledge of how UV-B radiation (280–315 nm) together with other climate change factors interact in their influence on terrestrial organisms and ecosystems.

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