scholarly journals Australian New Year's PyroCb Impact on Stratospheric Composition

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Schwartz ◽  
Michelle L. Santee ◽  
Hugh C. Pumphrey ◽  
Gloria L. Manney ◽  
Alyn Lambert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stratospheric Composition

scholarly journals C-IFS-CB05-BASCOE: stratospheric chemistry in the Integrated Forecasting System of ECMWF

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 3071-3091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Huijnen ◽  
Johannes Flemming ◽  
Simon Chabrillat ◽  
Quentin Errera ◽  
Yves Christophe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Transport Processes ◽  
Tropospheric Chemistry ◽  
Model Description ◽  
Stratospheric Chemistry ◽  
General Improvement ◽  
Forecasting System ◽  
The One ◽  
Stratospheric Composition ◽  
Chemistry Module

Abstract. We present a model description and benchmark evaluation of an extension of the tropospheric chemistry module in the Integrated Forecasting System (IFS) of the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) with stratospheric chemistry, referred to as C-IFS-CB05-BASCOE (for brevity here referred to as C-IFS-TS). The stratospheric chemistry originates from the one used in the Belgian Assimilation System for Chemical ObsErvations (BASCOE), and is here combined with the modified CB05 chemistry module for the troposphere as currently used operationally in the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service (CAMS). In our approach either the tropospheric or stratospheric chemistry module is applied, depending on the altitude of each individual grid box with respect to the tropopause. An evaluation of a 2.5-year long C-IFS-TS simulation with respect to various satellite retrieval products and in situ observations indicates good performance of the system in terms of stratospheric ozone, and a general improvement in terms of stratospheric composition compared to the C-IFS predecessor model version. Possible issues with transport processes in the stratosphere are identified. This marks a key step towards a chemistry module within IFS that encompasses both tropospheric and stratospheric composition, and could expand the CAMS analysis and forecast capabilities in the near future.

scholarly journals Multi-decadal Records of Stratospheric Composition and their Relationship to Stratospheric Circulation Change

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne R. Douglass ◽  
Susan E. Strahan ◽  
Luke D. Oman ◽  
Richard S. Stolarski
Keyword(s):  
Transport Model ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Model Driven ◽  
Earth Observing System ◽  
Circulation Change ◽  
Decadal Scale ◽  
Stratospheric Circulation ◽  
Transport And Mixing ◽  
Stratospheric Composition ◽  
Modern Era

Abstract. Constituent evolution for 1990–2015 simulated using the Global Modeling Initiative Chemistry and Transport Model driven by meteorological fields from the Modern Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications Version 2 (MERRA-2) is compared with three sources of observations: ground based column measurements of HNO3 and HCl from two stations in the Network for Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACCC, ~ 1990–ongoing); profiles of CH4 from the HALogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS, 1992–2005); profiles of N2O from the Microwave Limb Sounder on the Earth Observing System satellite Aura (2015–ongoing). The differences between observed and simulated values are shown to be time dependent, with better agreement after ~2000 compared with the prior decade. Furthermore, the differences between observed and simulated HNO3 and HCl columns are shown to be correlated with each other, suggesting that issues with the simulated transport and mixing cause the differences during the 1990s and these issues are less important during the later years. Because the simulated fields are related to mean age in the lower stratosphere, we use these comparisons to evaluate the time dependence of mean age. We use these relationships to account for dynamical variability when determining decadal scale trends in constituents and mean age. The ongoing NDACC column observations provide critical information necessary to substantiate trends in mean age obtained using fields from MERRA-2 or any other reanalysis products.

Infrared measurements of stratospheric composition - II. Simultaneous NO and NO 2 measurements

1978 ◽  
Vol 364 (1717) ◽  
pp. 237-254 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Simultaneous Measurements ◽  
Infrared Measurements ◽  
Stratospheric Composition

A further flight of the balloon-borne pressure-modulated radiometer (PMR) instrument (see Chaloner et al . 1978) is described when simultaneous measurements of NO and NO 2 concentrations were made through dawn. A detailed description of the retrieval methods used and the pre­cautions taken against interference from signals from other gases is given. Profiles of NO x through dawn are also briefly considered.

Striking repercussions of the Australian "Black Summer" bushfires on the stratospheric composition and dynamical circulation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey Khaykin ◽  
Bernard Legras ◽  
Silvia Bucci ◽  
Pasquale Sellitto ◽  
Lars Isaksen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Combustion Products ◽  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Radiative Balance ◽  
Combustion Gases ◽  
Gaseous Composition ◽  
Stratospheric Composition ◽  
Radiative Transfer Modeling ◽  
Total Column ◽  
Meteorological Analysis

<p>Wildfire-driven pyro-convection (PyroCb) is capable of lofting combustion products into the stratosphere, polluting it with smoke aerosols at hemispheric and yearly scales. This realization has emerged after the record-breaking British Columbia PyroCb event in August 2017 that approached moderate volcanic eruptions in terms of stratospheric aerosol load perturbation. The Australian “Black Summer” bushfires in 2019/20 have surpassed the previous record by a factor of 3 and rivaled the strongest volcanic eruptions in the XXI century. Here we exploit a synergy of various satellite observations, ECMWF meteorological analysis and radiative transfer modeling to quantify the perturbation of stratospheric particulate and gaseous composition, dynamical circulation and radiative balance caused by the Australian New Year’s PyroCb outbreak. One of the most striking repercussions of this event was the generation of several persistent anticyclonic vortices that provided confinement to the PyroCb plumes and preserved them from rapid dilution in the environment. The most intense vortex measured 1000 km in diameter, persisted in the stratosphere for over 13 weeks and lifted a confined bubble of combustion gases, aerosols and moisture to 35 km altitude. It was accompanied by a synoptic-scale ozone hole with the total column reduction by about 30%. The startling consequences of the Australian event provide new insights into climate-altering potential of the wildfires, that have increased in frequency and strength over the recent years.</p>

scholarly journals Using FTIR measurements of stratospheric composition to identify midlatitude polar vortex intrusions over Toronto

2013 ◽  
Vol 118 (22) ◽  
pp. 12,766-12,783 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Whaley ◽  
K. Strong ◽  
C. Adams ◽  
A. E. Bourassa ◽  
W. H. Daffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polar Vortex ◽  
Stratospheric Composition

Infra-red measurements of stratospheric composition - I. The balloon instrument and water vapour measurements

1978 ◽  
Vol 364 (1717) ◽  
pp. 145-159 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Water Vapour ◽  
Thermal Emission ◽  
Transmission Function ◽  
Optical Path ◽  
Spectral Selectivity ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Composition I ◽  
Stratospheric Composition

The design and construction of a balloon-borne instrument for remote-sensing of stratospheric composition is described. Thermal emission from the constituents is detected and the spectral selectivity of the instrument is tailored to a specific gas by the use of a cell of the same gas in the optical path of the radiometer. The pressure of the gas in the cell is cycled and the resultant transmission function is shown to be highly selective to radiation from the same gas in the atmosphere. The first flight of the instrument and the retrieval of a water vapour profile in the range 15-40 km is described.

Dynamical implications of seasonal and spatial variations in Titan's stratospheric composition

2008 ◽  
Vol 367 (1889) ◽  
pp. 697-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas A Teanby ◽  
Patrick G.J Irwin ◽  
Remco de Kok ◽  
Conor A Nixon
Keyword(s):  
Polar Vortex ◽  
Spatial Variations ◽  
The South ◽  
Trace Species ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Circulation Cell ◽  
Seasonal And Spatial Variations ◽  
Infrared Spectrometer ◽  
Stratospheric Circulation ◽  
Stratospheric Composition

Titan's diverse inventory of photochemically produced gases can be used as tracers to probe atmospheric circulation. Since the arrival of the Cassini–Huygens mission in July 2004 it has been possible to map the seasonal and spatial variations of these compounds in great detail. Here, we use 3.5 years of data measured by the Cassini Composite InfraRed Spectrometer instrument to determine spatial and seasonal composition trends, thus providing clues to underlying atmospheric motions. Titan's North Pole (currently in winter) displays enrichment of trace species, implying subsidence is occurring there. This is consistent with the descending branch of a single south-to-north stratospheric circulation cell and a polar vortex. Lack of enrichment in the south over most of the observed time period argues against the presence of any secondary circulation cell in the Southern Polar stratosphere. However, a residual cap of enriched gas was observed over the South Pole early in the mission, which has since completely dissipated. This cap was most probably due to residual build-up from southern winter. These observations provide new and important constraints for models of atmospheric photochemistry and circulation.

Evaluation of calibrations for limb scattering sensors

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalya Kramarova ◽  
Pawan Bhartia ◽  
Glen Jaross ◽  
Zhong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Errors ◽  
Montreal Protocol ◽  
Measuring Instruments ◽  
The Us ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Ozone Depleting Substances ◽  
Spectral Ranges ◽  
Stratospheric Composition ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Vertical Ozone

<p>The Ozone Mapping and Profiler Suite represents a new generation of the US ozone measuring instruments aimed to monitor the ozone recovery associated to the reduction in levels of man-made ozone depleting substances regulated by the Montreal protocol. The first OMPS was launched on board of the Suomi NPP satellite in October 2011. The Limb Profiler is a part of the OMPS instrumental suite, and it collects solar radiances scattered from the atmospheric limb in the UV and VIS spectral ranges. The next OMPS Limb Profiler is scheduled to launch in 2022 on board of NASA/NOAA JPSS-2 mission. These limb scattering measurements allow to retrieve vertical ozone profiles from the tropopause up to the mesosphere with a high vertical resolution (~2 km). The expected ozone recovery is almost three times slower than the ozone loss observed in 1980s and 1990s. To detect such small trends in ozone concentration, the instrument calibrations should be extremely accurate. Comparisons of ozone retrievals from OMPS LP with the correlative satellite measurements from Aura MLS and ISS SAGE III revealed that OMPS LP retrievals accurately characterize the vertical ozone distribution in different atmospheric regions which are most sensitive to changes in the stratospheric composition and dynamics. Between 18 and 42 km the mean differences between LP and correlative measurements are within ±10%, except for the northern high latitudes where between 20 and 32 km biases exceed 10% due to the measurement errors. We also found a small positive drift of ~0.5%/yr against MLS with a pattern that is consistent with the ~150-meter drift (over 7 years) in sensor pointing detected by one of our altitude resolving methods. The spatial patterns in the ozone biases and drifts suggest that remaining errors in the LP ozone retrievals are due to errors in altitude registration and instrument calibrations. We present a study where we evaluate calibrations of the OMPS LP by converting ozone differences between OMPS LP and Aura MLS into differences in radiances. Then these radiance differences are compared with the LP measured radiances to determine errors in OMPS LP calibrations. Since the OMPS LP has three slits, some of the errors, like a drift in the altitude registration, should be common across all three slits, but other errors will be unique for each slit, helping to isolate different sources of errors. This approach can be extended to earlier ESA’s limb scattering missions, like SCIAMACHY and OSIRIS, since MLS has long overlap with the ENVISAT and Odin missions.</p>

The Massive New Year 2020 pyroCb Event in Australia: Observations of Unprecedented Stratospheric Smoke

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Fromm ◽  
George Kablick III
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Satellite Remote Sensing ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Fire Season ◽  
Smoke Plume ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Stratospheric Composition ◽  
The Impact

<p>The 2019/2020 fire season in Australia has been unusually energetic since early spring. In the last days of December and early January an unprecedented number of pyrocumulonimbus (pyroCb) storms erupted in New South Wales and Victoria, creating a seemingly unrivaled stratospheric smoke plume as well as devastation on the ground. Preliminary indications from satellite remote sensing are that the clustering of active pyroCbs and smoke injection heights exceeded all previous Australian pyroCb events, and perhaps pyroCb events worldwide. Similar to another extraordinary pyroCb event, the so-called Pacific Northwest Event in 2017, the Australian smoke plume has been observed to rise above its injection altitude by several kilometers. We report on the active blowups and quantify the impact on stratospheric composition using satellite remote sensing. Our analysis also consists of a quantitative comparison of the 2019/20 Australian pyrocb event with other major pyroCb events such as Black Saturday, Victoria, Australia in 2009. At the time of submission of this abstract, this is an unfolding episode; our report will characterize the unusual nature of this pyroCb event as the evolving plume and satellite remote sensing data permit.</p>

scholarly journals Multi-decadal records of stratospheric composition and their relationship to stratospheric circulation change

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (19) ◽  
pp. 12081-12096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne R. Douglass ◽  
Susan E. Strahan ◽  
Luke D. Oman ◽  
Richard S. Stolarski
Keyword(s):  
Transport Model ◽  
Atmospheric Composition ◽  
Global Modeling ◽  
Model Driven ◽  
Earth Observing System ◽  
Circulation Change ◽  
Stratospheric Circulation ◽  
Transport And Mixing ◽  
Stratospheric Composition ◽  
Modern Era

Abstract. Constituent evolution for 1990–2015 simulated using the Global Modeling Initiative chemistry and transport model driven by meteorological fields from the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications version 2 (MERRA-2) is compared with three sources of observations: ground-based column measurements of HNO3 and HCl from two stations in the Network for the Detection of Atmospheric Composition Change (NDACC, ∼ 1990–ongoing), profiles of CH4 from the Halogen Occultation Experiment (HALOE) on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS, 1992–2005), and profiles of N2O from the Microwave Limb Sounder on the Earth Observing System satellite Aura (2005–ongoing). The differences between observed and simulated values are shown to be time dependent, with better agreement after ∼ 2000 compared with the prior decade. Furthermore, the differences between observed and simulated HNO3 and HCl columns are shown to be correlated with each other, suggesting that issues with the simulated transport and mixing cause the differences during the 1990s and that these issues are less important during the later years. Because the simulated fields are related to mean age in the lower stratosphere, we use these comparisons to evaluate the time dependence of mean age. The ongoing NDACC column observations provide critical information necessary to substantiate trends in mean age obtained using fields from MERRA-2 or any other reanalysis products.

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