scholarly journals Small‐Scale Capillary Heterogeneity Linked to Rapid Plume Migration During CO 2 Storage

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel J. Jackson ◽  
Samuel Krevor
Keyword(s):  
Small Scale ◽  
Plume Migration ◽  
Capillary Heterogeneity

The impact of capillary heterogeneity on CO2 plume migration at the Endurance CCS target site in the UK

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nele Wenck ◽  
Ann Muggeridge ◽  
Julian Barnett ◽  
Samuel Krevor
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Multiphase Flow ◽  
Capillary Pressure ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Storage Site ◽  
Plume Migration ◽  
Fluid Behaviour ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Capillary Heterogeneity

<p>Characterisation of multiphase flow properties is crucial in predicting large-scale fluid behaviour in the subsurface, for example carbon dixoide (CO<sub>2</sub>) plume migration at Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) storage sites. Many of the CO<sub>2</sub> storage sites worldwide have displayed unexpected fluid flow behaviour. The CO<sub>2</sub> injected underground has migrated in reservoirs away from injection points at much faster rates than had previously been predicted with reservoir simulations [1]. It has emerged that conventional flow simulations are not representing the impact of small-scale heterogeneities in multiphase flow properties, which is a key driver behind these unexpected CO<sub>2</sub> migration observations [2]. Heterogeneity in the underlying rock structure can cause large variations in porosity and permeability, which manifest as capillary pressure heterogeneity [3-4]. At the low flow potentials typically encountered during CO<sub>2</sub> injection, these heterogeneities can significantly impact fluid flow behaviour, typically observed as large saturation variations within the rock [5-6]. In this work, we have combined experimental and numerical methods to characterise the impact of capillary heterogeneities on plume migration at the Endurance proposed storage site to support the Northern Endurance Partnership (NEP) serving the Zero Carbon Humber and Net Zero Teesside projects in the UK. We built on an approach to characterising capillary heterogeneity at the core scale originating in the work of Krause et al. (2011). The workflow combines core flood experimental data with numerical simulations in a history match, with the experimental 3D saturation distribution as a matching target and the capillary pressure characteristics as a fitting parameter [6]. Through this a 3D digital model of the rock core is built, which incorporates spatial variations in permeability, porosity and capillary heterogeneity. We applied this characterisation effort to reservoir samples from a range of depths within the target interval. Subsequently, these digital core models were used in an upscaling procedure to characterise the impact of small-scale heterogeneities on field scale simulations. The workflow has enabled us to make informed predictions on the observed fluid behaviour at the Endurance storage site. The results emphasize the prevalent impact of small-scale capillary heterogeneities on CO<sub>2</sub> plume migration, thus underscore the importance of characterising and incorporating them in reservoir models.</p><p>1. Global CCS Institute (2019), Global Status of CCS: 2019.<br>2. Jackson, S. J. and Krevor, S. (2020), ‘Small-Scale Capillary Heterogeneity Linked to Rapid Plume Migration During CO2 Storage’, Geophysical Research Letters 47(18).<br>3. Pini, R., Krevor, S.C. and Benson, S.M., 2012. Capillary pressure and heterogeneity for the CO2/water system in sandstone rocks at reservoir conditions. Advances in Water Resources, 38, pp.48-59.<br>4. Reynolds, C.A., Blunt, M.J. and Krevor, S., 2018. Multiphase flow characteristics of heterogeneous rocks from CO 2 storage reservoirs in the United Kingdom. Water Resources Research, 54(2), pp.729-745.<br>5. Krause, M.H., Perrin, J.C. and Benson, S.M., 2011. Modeling permeability distributions in a sandstone core for history matching coreflood experiments. SPE Journal, 16(04), pp.768-777.<br>6. Jackson, S. J., Agada, S., Reynolds, C. A. and Krevor, S. (2018), ‘Characterizing Drainage Multiphase Flow in Heterogeneous Sandstones’, Water Resources Research 54(4), 3139–3161.</p>

Preliminary results of numerical simulation in a small-scale CO2 injection pilot site: 1. Prediction of CO2 plume migration

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 487 ◽  
Author(s):  
Byoung-Young Choi ◽  
Yong-Chan Park ◽  
Young-Jae Shin ◽  
Kue-Young Kim ◽  
Gi-Tak Chae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Co2 Injection ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Pilot Site ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Plume Migration ◽  
Co2 Plume

Reasons to strike first

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Buckner ◽  
Luke Glowacki
Keyword(s):  
Intergroup Conflict ◽  
Small Scale

Abstract De Dreu and Gross predict that attackers will have more difficulty winning conflicts than defenders. As their analysis is presumed to capture the dynamics of decentralized conflict, we consider how their framework compares with ethnographic evidence from small-scale societies, as well as chimpanzee patterns of intergroup conflict. In these contexts, attackers have significantly more success in conflict than predicted by De Dreu and Gross's model. We discuss the possible reasons for this disparity.

Exploring Coronal Structures with SOHO

2000 ◽  
Vol 179 ◽  
pp. 403-406
Author(s):  
M. Karovska ◽  
B. Wood ◽  
J. Chen ◽  
J. Cook ◽  
R. Howard
Keyword(s):  
Solar Corona ◽  
Image Enhancement ◽  
Coronal Mass Ejections ◽  
Dynamical Evolution ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Low Contrast ◽  
Contrast Structures ◽  
Scale Structures ◽  
Small Scale Structures ◽  
Coronal Structures

AbstractWe applied advanced image enhancement techniques to explore in detail the characteristics of the small-scale structures and/or the low contrast structures in several Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) observed by SOHO. We highlight here the results from our studies of the morphology and dynamical evolution of CME structures in the solar corona using two instruments on board SOHO: LASCO and EIT.

Scanning tunneling microscopy and atomic force microscopy: New tools for biology

1989 ◽  
Vol 47 ◽  
pp. 778-779
Author(s):  
CE Bracker ◽  
P. K. Hansma
Keyword(s):  
Physical Property ◽  
Scanning Probe ◽  
Scanning Tunneling ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Tunneling Microscopy ◽  
Force Microscopy ◽  
New Family ◽  
Small Probe ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Transmission Electron

A new family of scanning probe microscopes has emerged that is opening new horizons for investigating the fine structure of matter. The earliest and best known of these instruments is the scanning tunneling microscope (STM). First published in 1982, the STM earned the 1986 Nobel Prize in Physics for two of its inventors, G. Binnig and H. Rohrer. They shared the prize with E. Ruska for his work that had led to the development of the transmission electron microscope half a century earlier. It seems appropriate that the award embodied this particular blend of the old and the new because it demonstrated to the world a long overdue respect for the enormous contributions electron microscopy has made to the understanding of matter, and at the same time it signalled the dawn of a new age in microscopy. What we are seeing is a revolution in microscopy and a redefinition of the concept of a microscope.Several kinds of scanning probe microscopes now exist, and the number is increasing. What they share in common is a small probe that is scanned over the surface of a specimen and measures a physical property on a very small scale, at or near the surface. Scanning probes can measure temperature, magnetic fields, tunneling currents, voltage, force, and ion currents, among others.

Superstructures and ordering phenomena in ceramic superconductors

1996 ◽  
Vol 54 ◽  
pp. 710-711
Author(s):  
R. Gronsky
Keyword(s):  
Domain Growth ◽  
Small Displacement ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Ceramic Superconductors ◽  
Oxygen Sublattices ◽  
Tweed Contrast ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Representative Image ◽  
Static Lattice ◽  
Modulation Wavelength

It is now well established that the phase transformation behavior of YBa2Cu3O6+δ is significantly influenced by matrix strain effects, as evidenced by the formation of accommodation twins, the occurrence of diffuse scattering in diffraction patterns, the appearance of tweed contrast in electron micrographs, and the generation of displacive modulation superstructures, all of which have been successfully modeled via simple Monte Carlo simulations. The model is based upon a static lattice formulation with two types of excitations, one of which is a change in oxygen occupancy, and the other a small displacement of both the copper and oxygen sublattices. Results of these simulations show that a displacive superstructure forms very rapidly in a morphology of finely textured domains, followed by domain growth and a more sharply defined modulation wavelength, ultimately evolving into a strong <110> tweed with 5 nm to 7 nm period. What is new about these findings is the revelation that both the small-scale deformation superstructures and coarser tweed morphologies can result from displacive modulations in ordered YBa2Cu3O6+δ and need not be restricted to domain coarsening of the disordered phase. Figures 1 and 2 show a representative image and diffraction pattern for fully-ordered (δ = 1) YBa2Cu3O6+δ associated with a long-period <110> modulation.

Indirect Assessment of Attitudes with Response-Time-Based Measures

2006 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliane Degner ◽  
Dirk Wentura ◽  
Klaus Rothermund
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Incremental Validity ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Implicit Measures ◽  
Scale Theory ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Predicting Behavior ◽  
Social Cognitive Theories

Abstract: We review research on response-latency based (“implicit”) measures of attitudes by examining what hopes and intentions researchers have associated with their usage. We identified the hopes of (1) gaining better measures of interindividual differences in attitudes as compared to self-report measures (quality hope); (2) better predicting behavior, or predicting other behaviors, as compared to self-reports (incremental validity hope); (3) linking social-cognitive theories more adequately to empirical research (theory-link hope). We argue that the third hope should be the starting point for using these measures. Any attempt to improve these measures should include the search for a small-scale theory that adequately explains the basic effects found with such a measure. To date, small-scale theories for different measures are not equally well developed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document