scholarly journals Central Equatorial Pacific Cooling During the Last Glacial Maximum

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minda Moriah Monteagudo ◽  
Jean Lynch‐Stieglitz ◽  
Thomas M. Marchitto ◽  
Matthew W. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Equatorial Pacific ◽  
Glacial Maximum ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Central Equatorial Pacific ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

scholarly journals Interannual Variability in the Tropical Atlantic from the Last Glacial Maximum into Future Climate Projections simulated by CMIP5/PMIP3

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Brierley ◽  
Ilana Wainer
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
Equatorial Pacific ◽  
Glacial Maximum ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
Climate Projections ◽  
Tropical Atlantic ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

Abstract. Tropical Atlantic Variability (TAV) plays an important role in driving year-to-year changes in rainfall over Africa and South America. In this study, its response to global climate change is investigated through a series of multi-model experiments. We explore the leading modes of TAV during the historical, last glacial maximum, mid-Holocene and future simulations in the multi-model ensemble known as PMIP3/CMIP5. Despite their known sea surface temperature biases, most of the models are able to capture the Tropical Atlantic's two leading modes of SST-variability patterns – the Atlantic Meridional Mode (AMM) and the Atlantic zonal mode (also called the Atlantic Niño or ATL3). The ensemble suggests that AMM amplitude was less during the mid-Holocene and increased during the last glacial maximum; but is equivocal about future changes. ATL3 appears stronger under both the last glacial maximum and future climate changes, with little consistent message about the mid-Holocene. The patterns and the regions under the influence of the two modes alters under climate change – in concert with changes in the mean climate state. Both modes demonstrate a coupling with the equatorial Pacific that depends on the climate period being considered – especially for the ATL3 mode of equatorial Pacific. In the future climate experiment, the equatorial mode weakens, the whole northern hemisphere warms up while the south Atlantic displays an hemisphere-wide weak oscillating pattern. For the LGM, the AMM projects onto a pattern that resembles the Pan-Atlantic Decadal Oscillation. No robust relationships between the amplitude of the zonal and meridional temperature gradients and their respective variability was found.

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