Crustal Strength Variations Inferred From Earthquake Stress Drop at Axial Seamount Surrounding the 2015 Eruption

2020 ◽  
Vol 47 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela A. Moyer ◽  
Margaret S. Boettcher ◽  
DelWayne R. Bohnenstiehl ◽  
Rachel E. Abercrombie
Keyword(s):  
Stress Drop ◽  
Crustal Strength ◽  
Axial Seamount

PETROLOGY AND PETROGENESIS OF ANDESITES FROM AXIAL SEAMOUNT, JUAN DE FUCA RIDGE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Renea Mills ◽  
◽  
Micheal Perfit ◽  
David A. Clague ◽  
Jennifer Brophy Paduan
Keyword(s):  
Juan De Fuca Ridge ◽  
Fuca Ridge ◽  
Juan De Fuca ◽  
Axial Seamount

scholarly journals Stress Drop, Seismogenic Index and Fault Cohesion of Fluid-Induced Earthquakes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serge A. Shapiro ◽  
Carsten Dinske
Keyword(s):  
Stress Drop ◽  
Induced Seismicity ◽  
Quantitative Characteristic ◽  
High Stress ◽  
Operation Time ◽  
Average Stress ◽  
Induced Earthquakes ◽  
Effective Stresses ◽  
Seismicity Rates

AbstractSometimes, a rather high stress drop characterizes earthquakes induced by underground fluid injections or productions. In addition, long-term fluid operations in the underground can influence a seismogenic reaction of the rock per unit volume of the fluid involved. The seismogenic index is a quantitative characteristic of such a reaction. We derive a relationship between the seismogenic index and stress drop. This relationship shows that the seismogenic index increases with the average stress drop of induced seismicity. Further, we formulate a simple and rather general phenomenological model of stress drop of induced earthquakes. This model shows that both a decrease of fault cohesion during the earthquake rupture process and an enhanced level of effective stresses could lead to high stress drop. Using these two formulations, we propose the following mechanism of increasing induced seismicity rates observed, e.g., by long-term gas production at Groningen. Pore pressure depletion can lead to a systematic increase of the average stress drop (and thus, of magnitudes) due to gradually destabilizing cohesive faults and due to a general increase of effective stresses. Consequently, elevated average stress drop increases seismogenic index. This can lead to seismic risk increasing with the operation time of an underground reservoir.

scholarly journals The Recent Volcanic History of Axial Seamount: Geophysical Insights into Past Eruption Dynamics with an Eye Toward Enhanced Observations of Future Eruptions

Oceanography ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Wilcock ◽  
Robert Dziak ◽  
Maya Tolstoy ◽  
William Chadwick ◽  
Scott Nooner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eruption Dynamics ◽  
Volcanic History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Axial Seamount

Damage of Short-Fiber-Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites Considering Cooling and Thermal Cycling

1999 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chuwei Zhou ◽  
Wei Yang ◽  
Daining Fang
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Cycling ◽  
Metal Matrix Composites ◽  
Stress Drop ◽  
Metal Matrix ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Short Fiber ◽  
Uniaxial Tensile ◽  
Matrix Composites ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Matrix Damage

Mechanical properties and damage evolution of short-fiber-reinforced metal matrix composites (MMC) are studied under a micromechanics model accounting for the history of cooling and thermal cycling. A cohesive interface is formulated in conjunction with the Gurson-Tvergaard matrix damage model. Attention is focused on the residual stresses and damages by the thermal mismatch. Substantial stress drop in the uniaxial tensile response is found for a computational cell that experienced a cooling process. The stress drop is caused by debonding along the fiber ends. Subsequent thermal cycling lowers the debonding stress and the debonding strain. Micromechanics analysis reveals three failure modes. When the thermal histories are ignored, the cell fails by matrix damage outside the fiber ends. With the incorporation of cooling, the cell fails by fiber end debonding and the subsequent transverse matrix damage. When thermal cycling is also included, the cell fails by jagged debonding around the fiber tops followed by necking instability of matrix ligaments. [S0094-4289(00)01202-0]

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