scholarly journals Soil and Air Temperature Calibrations Using Branched GDGTs for the Tropical Andes of Colombia: Toward a Pan‐Tropical Calibration

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina C. Pérez‐Angel ◽  
Julio Sepúlveda ◽  
Peter Molnar ◽  
Camilo Montes ◽  
Balaji Rajagopalan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Tropical Andes

scholarly journals Extreme and variable torpor among high-elevation Andean hummingbird species

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 20200428
Author(s):  
Blair O. Wolf ◽  
Andrew E. McKechnie ◽  
C. Jonathan Schmitt ◽  
Zenon J. Czenze ◽  
Andrew B. Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Tropical Andes ◽  
Cold Environments ◽  
Fuel Metabolism ◽  
Fat Reserves ◽  
Evolutionarily Conserved

Torpor is thought to be particularly important for small endotherms occupying cold environments and with limited fat reserves to fuel metabolism, yet among birds deep torpor is both rare and variable in extent. We investigated torpor in hummingbirds at approximately 3800 m.a.s.l. in the tropical Andes by monitoring body temperature ( T b ) in 26 individuals of six species held captive overnight and experiencing natural air temperature ( T a ) patterns. All species used pronounced torpor, with one Metallura phoebe reaching a minimum T b of 3.26°C, the lowest yet reported for any bird or non-hibernating mammal. The extent and duration of torpor varied among species, with overnight body mass ( M b ) loss negatively correlated with both minimum T b and bout duration. We found a significant phylogenetic signal for minimum T b and overnight M b loss, consistent with evolutionarily conserved thermoregulatory traits. Our findings suggest deep torpor is routine for high Andean hummingbirds, but evolved species differences affect its depth.

scholarly journals Millennial-scale vegetation changes in the tropical Andes using ecological grouping and ordination methods

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 697-711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dunia H. Urrego ◽  
Henry Hooghiemstra ◽  
Oscar Rama-Corredor ◽  
Belen Martrat ◽  
Joan O. Grimalt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Lake Level ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Detrended Correspondence Analysis ◽  
Warming Trend ◽  
Tropical Andes ◽  
Moisture Availability ◽  
Pollen Records ◽  
Millennial Scale

Abstract. We compare eight pollen records reflecting climatic and environmental change from northern and southern sites in the tropical Andes. Our analysis focuses on the last 30 000 years, with particular emphasis on the Pleistocene to Holocene transition. We explore ecological grouping and downcore ordination results as two approaches for extracting environmental variability from pollen records. We also use the records of aquatic and shoreline vegetation as markers for lake level fluctuations and moisture availability. Our analysis focuses on the signature of millennial-scale climate variability in the tropical Andes, in particular Heinrich stadials (HS) and Greenland interstadials (GI). The pollen records show an overall warming trend during the Pleistocene–Holocene transition, but the onset of post-glacial warming differs in timing among records. We identify rapid responses of the tropical vegetation to millennial-scale climate variability. The signatures of HS and the Younger Dryas are generally recorded as downslope upper forest line (UFL) migrations in our transect, and are likely linked to air temperature cooling. The GI1 signal is overall comparable between northern and southern records and indicates upslope UFL migrations and warming in the tropical Andes. Our marker for lake level changes indicated a north-to-south difference that could be related to moisture availability. The air temperature signature recorded by the Andean vegetation was consistent with millennial-scale cryosphere and sea surface temperature changes but suggests a potential difference between the magnitude of temperature change in the ocean and the atmosphere. We also show that arboreal pollen percentage (AP %) and detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) scores are two complementary approaches to extract environmental variability from pollen records.

scholarly journals Modeling glacier melt and runoff in a high-altitude headwater catchment in the Cordillera Real, Andes

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 13093-13144 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Kinouchi ◽  
T. Liu ◽  
J. Mendoza ◽  
Y. Asaoka
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Tropical Andes ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Glacier Melt ◽  
Subsurface Runoff ◽  
Cordillera Real ◽  
Headwater Catchment

Abstract. Runoff from catchments with partial glacier cover is an integrated process of glacier melt, snowmelt, and surface and subsurface runoff of meltwater and rain from glacierized and non-glacierized areas. Additionally, inherent characteristics of the tropical Andes such as large meteorological variability, high elevation and steep slopes, hydrological effects of wetlands and lakes, and rapid glacier retreat make it difficult to model glacio-hydrological responses under changing climate. In this study, we developed a semi-distributed conceptual model applicable to partially glacierized catchments in the tropical Andes that considers all of these aspects, and we applied the model to the Huayna Potosi West headwater catchment in the Cordillera Real, Bolivia. Based on the latest 2 yr dataset of meteorological and hydrological monitoring, we showed the spatial and temporal variability of air temperature and precipitation in the region, and the dataset was used to calibrate model parameters and validate the performance of the daily runoff simulation. Variations in the simulated streamflow agreed well with the observed seasonal and temporal variations, and the result also showed that uncertainty pertaining to the spatial and temporal variations in air temperature and precipitation as well as the retarding effect of a wetland and lake strongly affected the runoff hydrograph. The simulated runoff components indicated that runoff from glacier melt occurs mainly in the initial period of the wet season, from October to early December, and in the late period of the wet season, March and April, although the runoff is relatively small in the latter period. Between these two periods in the wet season, major runoff components were estimated to be subsurface runoff in the non-glacierized area and surface runoff due to snowmelt. Given the future meteorological conditions based on the observational data and a predictive general circulation model output, the model quantified the long-term changes in runoff, glacierized area, and cumulative glacier and snow mass balance. The glacier retreat is estimated to continue to 2050, with the magnitude of area decrease and negative cumulative mass balance depending on the increasing temperature trend used. For higher temperature trends, in particular, greater seasonal variation in runoff and larger contributions from subsurface runoff and surface runoff by rainfall were simulated to occur in the wet season, but the change in annual total runoff between the present and 2050 was not significant. These results suggest that it is important to consider how to best adapt to greater seasonal runoff variations in terms of water availability in the downstream region.

On the dynamics of distribution of the American White Butterfly, Hyphantria cunea Drury, 1973 (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae), in Ukraine regarding the annual minimal air temperatures

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-57
Author(s):  
S. N. Shumov
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Annual Reports ◽  
Complete Elimination ◽  
Hyphantria Cunea ◽  
White American ◽  
Gis Technologies ◽  
Data Analyses ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Negative Temperatures

The spatial analysis of distribution and quantity of Hyphantria cunea Drury, 1973 across Ukraine since 1952 till 2016 regarding the values of annual absolute temperatures of ground air is performed using the Gis-technologies. The long-term pest dissemination data (Annual reports…, 1951–1985; Surveys of the distribution of quarantine pests ..., 1986–2017) and meteorological information (Meteorological Yearbooks of air temperature the surface layer of the atmosphere in Ukraine for the period 1951-2016; Branch State of the Hydrometeorological Service at the Central Geophysical Observatory of the Ministry for Emergencies) were used in the present research. The values of boundary negative temperatures of winter diapause of Hyphantria cunea, that unable the development of species’ subsequent generation, are received. Data analyses suggests almost complete elimination of winter diapausing individuals of White American Butterfly (especially pupae) under the air temperature of −32°С. Because of arising questions on the time of action of absolute minimal air temperatures, it is necessary to ascertain the boundary negative temperatures of winter diapause for White American Butterfly. It is also necessary to perform the more detailed research of a corresponding biological material with application to the freezing technics, giving temperature up to −50°С, with the subsequent analysis of the received results by the punched-analysis.

Simulation of the internal temperature in the Passol Laboratory, University of Debrecen

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Csáky ◽  
F. Kalmár
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Variation ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Internal Temperature ◽  
The One ◽  
Heavy Structure ◽  
East West ◽  
Made In

Abstract Nowadays the facades of newly built buildings have significant glazed surfaces. The solar gains in these buildings can produce discomfort caused by direct solar radiation on the one hand and by the higher indoor air temperature on the other hand. The amplitude of the indoor air temperature variation depends on the glazed area, orientation of the facade and heat storage capacity of the building. This paper presents the results of a simulation, which were made in the Passol Laboratory of University of Debrecen in order to define the internal temperature variation. The simulation proved that the highest amplitudes of the internal temperature are obtained for East orientation of the facade. The upper acceptable limit of the internal air temperature is exceeded for each analyzed orientation: North, South, East, West. Comparing different building structures, according to the obtained results, in case of the heavy structure more cooling hours are obtained, but the energy consumption for cooling is lower.

Strretlight pole metal as the medium of Tetragonula sp nest in Indralaya, South Sumatra

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanifa Marisa
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Hevea Brasiliensis ◽  
Citrullus Lanatus ◽  
Ground Surface ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Surface Diameter ◽  
Very High

An investigation had been done to Tetragonula (Tetragona) sp nest at Indralaya, South Sumatra to describe the Tetragonula sp nest that use streetlight pole as nest medium during April - May 2019. Purpossive sampling is used to select the target nest. Two streetlight pole found be used by Tetragonula sp as their home. The coordinate of location, heght from ground surface, diameter of streetlight pole, air temperature and humidity, and floral species around nest, were noted. Spot coordinate are S 30 14’ 19.2498’’ and E 1040 39’ 15,3288’’ ; 1,5 m above the ground surface, 12 cm diameter pole, highest air temperature was 35 o C at daylight (April and May 2019), 80 – 90 % humidity at April-May 2019; which Switenia macrophyla, Hevea brasiliensis, Zea mays, and Citrullus lanatus floral species are planted around. Air temperature in the pole is very high, around 40 0 C during daylight.

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