scholarly journals More Trees Are Dying Due to Drought and Wildfire but Do Not Lose Sight of Forest Pathogens

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank W. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Forest Pathogens

scholarly journals Inferences on the Susceptibility of Wood of Different Tree Species to Heterobasidion annosum Sensu Lato (Fr.) Bref. Primary Infections and on the Range of Pathogen Spores Dispersal

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 854
Author(s):  
Lauma Brūna ◽  
Guglielmo Lione ◽  
Kristīne Kenigsvalde ◽  
Natālija Burņeviča ◽  
Astra Zaļuma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Pinus Contorta ◽  
Sharp Decrease ◽  
Picea Sitchensis ◽  
Heterobasidion Annosum ◽  
Forest Pathogens ◽  
Airborne Inoculum ◽  
Controlled Conditions ◽  
Airborne Infections ◽  
Norway Spruce Forest

Stumps play a pivotal role in the epidemiology of the fungal forest pathogens Heterobasidion spp. because they are the main courts of primary airborne infections. The aims of this study were (i) to determine the susceptibility of seven tree species (i.e., Larix sibirica, Picea abies, Picea sitchensis, Pinus contorta, Pinus strobus, Pinus sylvestris and Pseudotsuga menziesii) to primary infection by H. annosum and H. parviporum through comparative inoculation experiments of conidia on wood discs in controlled conditions; (ii) to compare the susceptibility of wood discs of the same tree species to natural airborne infections in two Latvian Norway spruce forest stands infested either by H. annosum or H. parviporum; (iii) to explore the rates of infection of wood discs at increasing distances from spore sources in these two forests to make inferences on the range of spores dispersal. Results obtained by spraying wood discs with conidial suspensions in controlled conditions are in agreement with those obtained by exposing wood discs to the natural airborne inoculum in the forests, as clearly supported by the significant correlation (r = 0.79; p < 0.05) between the two sets of data. Susceptibility was highest in Pinus species, followed by P. abies and P. sitchensis. Susceptibility was lowest for L. sibirica and P. menziesii. The area colonized by Heterobasidion spp. in the sapwood of wood discs was much greater than that colonized in the heartwood. A sharp decrease in the rate of infection of wood discs with distance from spore sources (i.e., fruiting bodies) was observed, further confirming the importance of local spore sources in the epidemiology of Heterobasidion spp. Taken together, these findings could help designing tactics to manage these fungal forest pathogens.

scholarly journals Current possibilities and prospects of using fungicides in forestry

2015 ◽  
Vol 76 (2) ◽  
pp. 191-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Okorski ◽  
Agnieszka Pszczółkowska ◽  
Tomasz Oszako ◽  
Justyna A. Nowakowska ◽  
Małgorzata Oszako
Keyword(s):  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Fungicide Resistance ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Plant Protection Products ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
Limited Availability ◽  
Forest Pathogens ◽  
Forest Nurseries ◽  
Active Substances

AbstractThe possibility of using chemicals in European forestry is extremely limited due to the binding legal regulations and specific conditions concerning the market of plant protection products. This is reflected in the limited availability of active fungicides in forestry. Due to this limitation, practitioners using fungicides in forest nurseries and forest cultivation must have substantial knowledge of the biology of pathogens to ensure satisfactorily effective protection.The work presented here provides an overview of the currently recommended fungicides in Polish forestry as well as the mechanisms of interaction between the active substances and the pathogen, the plant and mycorrhizal fungi. The risk of fungicide resistance, which has been insufficiently explored in the context of forest pathogens, is also discussed in this paper.

Native forest pathogens facilitate persistence of Douglas-fir in old-growth forests of northwestern California

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1256-1266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley E. Hawkins ◽  
Terry W. Henkel
Keyword(s):  
Bark Beetles ◽  
Tree Mortality ◽  
Douglas Fir ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Gap Formation ◽  
Old Growth ◽  
Forest Pathogens ◽  
Canopy Trees ◽  
White Fir ◽  
Closed Canopy

Forest pathogens and insects can accelerate tree mortality, increase stand structural heterogeneity, and alter tree community composition. In northern California, the canopy trees Abies concolor var. lowiana (Gord. & Glend.) Lemmon (white fir) and Pseudotsuga menziesii var. menziesii (Mirbel) Franco (Douglas-fir) co-occur but vary in shade tolerance and regenerative abilities following disturbance. Field observations suggested that mortality and turnover of white fir exceeded that of Douglas-fir and that native pathogens may be important drivers in the absence of fire. Pathogens and bark beetles were sampled in old-growth white fir – Douglas-fir stands in northwestern California to assess their contribution to tree mortality, gap formation, and regeneration. We determined abundances and size class distributions of canopy trees, presence of pathogens and bark beetles, and causes of tree mortality. We sampled canopy gaps and closed-canopy forests for overstory species composition, cause of mortality of gap-maker trees, and regeneration of white fir and Douglas-fir. Root-rot fungi accounted for significantly higher mortality and gap formation in white fir than in Douglas-fir. Relative seedling–sapling density of Douglas-fir was higher in pathogen-induced canopy gaps than in closed-canopy forest. In the absence of fire, native forest pathogens enable regeneration and persistence of Douglas-fir by enhancing mortality of white fir, resulting in canopy gap formation.

Pathogens as agents of diversity in forested landscapes

1991 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart J. van der Kamp
Keyword(s):  
Native Forest ◽  
Forest Pathogens ◽  
Temporal Diversity ◽  
Forested Landscapes ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Climax Forest

It is argued that native forest pathogens may be viewed as major agents of spatial and temporal diversity, responsible for the creation of a number of special habitats, and influencing the speed and direction of succession as well as the structure of the climax forest. Although their influence is detrimental to most common purposes of management, the result of their action may occasionally be beneficial.

Optimal strategies for the surveillance and control of forest pathogens: A case study with oak wilt

2013 ◽  
Vol 86 ◽  
pp. 78-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Horie ◽  
Robert G. Haight ◽  
Frances R. Homans ◽  
Robert C. Venette
Keyword(s):  
Optimal Strategies ◽  
Oak Wilt ◽  
Forest Pathogens ◽  
And Control

scholarly journals Harmonising the fields of invasion science and forest pathology

NeoBiota ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 62 ◽  
pp. 301-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trudy Paap ◽  
Michael J. Wingfield ◽  
Treena I. Burgess ◽  
Joseph M. Hulbert ◽  
Alberto Santini
Keyword(s):  
Global Environmental Change ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Science Literature ◽  
Forest Pathology ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Microbial Biodiversity ◽  
Forest Pathogens ◽  
Mechanistic Approach ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

Invasive alien species are widely recognised as significant drivers of global environmental change, with far reaching ecological and socio-economic impacts. The trend of continuous increases in first records, with no apparent sign of saturation, is consistent across all taxonomic groups. However, taxonomic biases exist in the extent to which invasion processes have been studied. Invasive forest pathogens have caused, and they continue to result in dramatic damage to natural forests and woody ecosystems, yet their impacts are substantially underrepresented in the invasion science literature. Conversely, most studies of forest pathogens have been undertaken in the absence of a connection to the frameworks developed and used to study biological invasions. We believe this is, in part, a consequence of the mechanistic approach of the discipline of forest pathology; one that has been inherited from the broader discipline of plant pathology. Rather than investigating the origins of, and the processes driving the arrival of invasive microorganisms, the focus of pathologists is generally to investigate specific interactions between hosts and pathogens, with an emphasis on controlling the resulting disease problems. In contrast, central to the field of invasion science, which finds its roots in ecology, is the development and testing of general concepts and frameworks. The lack of knowledge of microbial biodiversity and ecology, speciation and geographic origin present challenges in understanding invasive forest pathogens under existing frameworks, and there is a need to address this shortfall. Advances in molecular technologies such as gene and genome sequencing and metagenomics studies have increased the “visibility” of microorganisms. We consider whether these technologies are being adequately applied to address the gaps between forest pathology and invasion science. We also interrogate the extent to which the two fields stand to gain by becoming more closely linked.

scholarly journals A dynamical systems model for poly-cyclic foliar forest pathogens

2018 ◽  
Vol 59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graeme Wake ◽  
Nari Williams ◽  
Tony Pleasants
Keyword(s):  
Dynamical Systems ◽  
Forest Pathogens ◽  
Systems Model
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