scholarly journals TROPOMI NO 2 in the United States: A Detailed Look at the Annual Averages, Weekly Cycles, Effects of Temperature, and Correlation With Surface NO 2 Concentrations

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel L. Goldberg ◽  
Susan C. Anenberg ◽  
Gaige Hunter Kerr ◽  
Arash Mohegh ◽  
Zifeng Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Weekly Cycles

Effects of Temperature, Humidity, and Larval Weight on the Duration of Prepupal and Pupal Stages of the Pale Western Cutworm, Agrotis orthogonia Morr. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

1960 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 161-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. E. Blakeley ◽  
L. A. Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
New Mexico ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prepupal Stage ◽  
Larval Weight ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Lepidoptera Noctuidae

The pale western cutworm, Agrotis orthogonia Morr., a pest of crops in the plains areas, occurs in central Alberta and Saskatchewan in Canada southward to various areas of Oklahoma, Texas, and New Mexico in the United States. It has been suggested that in the prepupal stage this cutworm is able to adapt itself to a wide range of climatic and geographic conditions and to retain a univoltine life cycle. The investigations reported here were made to determine the effects of temperature, moisture, and larval weights on the duration of the prepupal and pupal stages.

scholarly journals Weekly patterns of aerosol in the United States

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 2729-2739 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Murphy ◽  
S. L. Capps ◽  
J. S. Daniel ◽  
G. J. Frost ◽  
W. H. White
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fine Particle ◽  
Elemental Carbon ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
The United States ◽  
Diesel Emissions ◽  
General Aviation ◽  
So2 Emissions ◽  
Weekly Cycle ◽  
Weekly Cycles

Abstract. Data from the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) network of aerosol samplers and NOAA monitoring sites are examined for weekly cycles. At remote and rural sites, fine particle elemental carbon, crustal elements, and coarse particle mass had pronounced (up to 20%) weekly cycles with minima on Sunday or Monday. Fine particle organic carbon and mass had smaller amplitude cycles, also with Sunday or Monday minima. There was no statistically significant weekly cycle in fine particle sulfate despite a 5 to 15% weekly cycle in power plant SO2 emissions. Although results for nitrate may be more susceptible to sampling artifacts, nitrate also showed a pronounced weekly cycle with an amplitude similar to elemental carbon. The only species found with a weekend maximum was Pb, probably from general aviation on weekends. Aerosol optical properties at NOAA monitoring sites were consistent with the IMPROVE chemical data, with significant weekly cycles in aerosol light absorption but not light scattering. These results support a large role of diesel emissions in elemental carbon aerosol over the entire United States and suggest that a large fraction of the airborne soil dust is anthropogenic. They also suggest that studies of weekly cycles in temperature, cloudiness, precipitation, or other meteorological variables should look for causes more in light-absorbing particles and possible ice nucleation by dust rather than sulfate or total aerosol. There are also implications for personal exposure and epidemiological studies of aerosol health effects.

scholarly journals Weekly patterns of aerosol in the United States

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 521-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Murphy ◽  
S. L. Capps ◽  
J. S. Daniel ◽  
G. J. Frost ◽  
W. H. White
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Fine Particle ◽  
Elemental Carbon ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
The United States ◽  
Diesel Emissions ◽  
General Aviation ◽  
So2 Emissions ◽  
Weekly Cycle ◽  
Weekly Cycles

Abstract. Data from the Interagency Monitoring of Protected Visual Environments (IMPROVE) network of aerosol samplers and NOAA monitoring sites are examined for weekly cycles. Fine particle elemental carbon, crustal elements, and coarse particle mass had pronounced (up to 20%) weekly cycles with minima on Sunday or Monday. Fine particle organic carbon and mass had smaller amplitude cycles, also with Sunday or Monday minima. There was no statistically significant weekly cycle in fine particle sulfate despite a 10 to 15% weekly cycle in power plant SO2 emissions. Although results for nitrate must be treated with caution, it showed a pronounced weekly cycle with an amplitude similar to elemental carbon. The only species found with a weekend maximum was Pb, probably from general aviation on weekends. Aerosol optical properties at NOAA monitoring sites were consistent with the IMPROVE chemical data, with significant weekly cycles in aerosol light absorption but not light scattering. These results support a large role of diesel emissions in elemental carbon aerosol over the entire United States and suggest that a large fraction of the airborne soil dust is anthropogenic. They also suggest that studies of weekly cycles in temperature, cloudiness, or precipitation should look for causes more in light-absorbing particles and dust rather than sulfate or total aerosol. There are also implications for personal exposure and epidemiological studies of aerosol health effects.

scholarly journals Effects of Temperature on Development and Survival of Nymphal Lycorma delicatula (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Devin Kreitman ◽  
Melody A Keena ◽  
Anne L Nielsen ◽  
George Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North America ◽  
Developmental Rate ◽  
The United States ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Developmental Threshold ◽  
Lycorma Delicatula ◽  
Survival And Development ◽  
Lower Developmental Threshold ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Abstract Lycorma delicatula (White), an invasive planthopper originally from Asia, is an emerging pest in North America. It is important to understand its phenology in order to determine its potential range in the United States. Lycorma delicatula nymphs were reared on Ailanthus altissima (Miller) (Sapindales: Simaroubaceae) at each of the following constant temperatures: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40°C. The time spent in each instar and survival was recorded. Developmental rate increased with temperature from 15 to 30°C for all instars, then declined again at higher temperatures. Nymphal survival was lower at 35°C than between 15 and 30°C for all instars, and first instars placed at 5, 10, and 40°C all died without molting. This suggests that L. delicatula survival and development may be affected in the Southern United States by high temperatures and developmental delays will occur under cool spring conditions. The lower developmental threshold was found to be 13.00 ± 0.42°C for first instars, 12.43 ± 2.09°C for second instars, 8.48 ± 2.99°C for third instars, and 6.29 ± 2.12°C for fourth instars. The degree-day (DD) requirement for nymphs in the previous instar to complete development to reach the second instar, third instar, fourth instar, and adult was 166.61, 208.75, 410.49, and 620.07 DD (base varied), respectively. These results provide key data to support the development of phenology models and help identify the potential range of L. delicatula in North America.

Temperature Relations of Ant-Lion Larvae (Neuroptera: Myrmeleontidae)

1955 ◽  
Vol 87 (10) ◽  
pp. 441-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. W. Green
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North American ◽  
Natural Habitat ◽  
The United States ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Regular Cone ◽  
Ant Lion ◽  
The Common ◽  
Desert Regions ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

The common North American ant-lion, Myrneleon immaculatus DeGeer, is generally distributed throughout the United States and has extended its range northward into Canada at various places. Throughout its range, the regular, cone-like pits of larvae of this species inay be found in dry, sandy stretches that in an ecological sense constitute small, isolated desert regions.Temperature is one of the most important of rhe physical factors with which desert species must contend. It is the purpose of this paper to present the results of gn investigation of the effects of temperature upon the behaviour and activity of larvae of M. immaculatus in their natural habitat.

Correlative microscopy in distrubuted (client/server) computing environments: tools for catalyzing the rapid dissemination of information about the cell biology of the human prostate

1995 ◽  
Vol 53 ◽  
pp. 682-683
Author(s):  
A. Hakam ◽  
J.T. Gau ◽  
M.L. Grove ◽  
B.A. Evans ◽  
M. Shuman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Tissue Bank ◽  
The United States ◽  
Prostate Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Correlative Microscopy ◽  
Client Server ◽  
Critical Elements ◽  
Transplant Organ

Prostate adenocarcinoma is the most common malignant tumor of men in the United States and is the third leading cause of death in men. Despite attempts at early detection, there will be 244,000 new cases and 44,000 deaths from the disease in the United States in 1995. Therapeutic progress against this disease is hindered by an incomplete understanding of prostate epithelial cell biology, the availability of human tissues for in vitro experimentation, slow dissemination of information between prostate cancer research teams and the increasing pressure to “ stretch” research dollars at the same time staff reductions are occurring.To meet these challenges, we have used the correlative microscopy (CM) and client/server (C/S) computing to increase productivity while decreasing costs. Critical elements of our program are as follows:1) Establishing the Western Pennsylvania Genitourinary (GU) Tissue Bank which includes >100 prostates from patients with prostate adenocarcinoma as well as >20 normal prostates from transplant organ donors.

Digital image acquisition, processing, and analysis in a polymer microscopy laboratory

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 454-455
Author(s):  
Vinod K. Berry ◽  
Xiao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Image Analysis ◽  
Digital Image ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Image Transmission ◽  
The United States ◽  
Quantitative Image Analysis ◽  
Quantitative Image

In recent years it became apparent that we needed to improve productivity and efficiency in the Microscopy Laboratories in GE Plastics. It was realized that digital image acquisition, archiving, processing, analysis, and transmission over a network would be the best way to achieve this goal. Also, the capabilities of quantitative image analysis, image transmission etc. available with this approach would help us to increase our efficiency. Although the advantages of digital image acquisition, processing, archiving, etc. have been described and are being practiced in many SEM, laboratories, they have not been generally applied in microscopy laboratories (TEM, Optical, SEM and others) and impact on increased productivity has not been yet exploited as well.In order to attain our objective we have acquired a SEMICAPS imaging workstation for each of the GE Plastic sites in the United States. We have integrated the workstation with the microscopes and their peripherals as shown in Figure 1.

Silence of the Land: On the Historical Irrelevance of Territory to Congressional Districting and Political Representation in the United States

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (01) ◽  
pp. 53-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Rehfeld
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
House Of Representatives ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Representative Government ◽  
Congressional District ◽  
Congressional Districts ◽  
Communities Of Interest

Every ten years, the United States “constructs” itself politically. On a decennial basis, U.S. Congressional districts are quite literally drawn, physically constructing political representation in the House of Representatives on the basis of where one lives. Why does the United States do it this way? What justifies domicile as the sole criteria of constituency construction? These are the questions raised in this article. Contrary to many contemporary understandings of representation at the founding, I argue that there were no principled reasons for using domicile as the method of organizing for political representation. Even in 1787, the Congressional district was expected to be far too large to map onto existing communities of interest. Instead, territory should be understood as forming a habit of mind for the founders, even while it was necessary to achieve other democratic aims of representative government.

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