scholarly journals Estimation of Direct and Indirect Economic Losses Caused by a Flood With Long‐Lasting Inundation: Application to the 2011 Thailand Flood

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tanoue ◽  
R. Taguchi ◽  
S. Nakata ◽  
S. Watanabe ◽  
S. Fujimori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Losses ◽  
Indirect Economic Losses

Allocating assistance after a catastrophe based on the dynamic assessment of indirect economic losses

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-37
Author(s):  
Zhengtao Zhang ◽  
Ning Li ◽  
Hong Xu ◽  
Jieling Feng ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Assessment ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Indirect Economic Losses

scholarly journals The development of climate security discourse in Japan

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 271-281
Author(s):  
Yasuko Kameyama ◽  
Keishi Ono
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Security Discourse ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
Change Problem ◽  
Indirect Economic Losses

AbstractAs the level of understanding about climate change has increased, the term “climate security” has been increasingly used in the rapidly growing literature on this subject. Although Japan has officially acknowledged the importance of tackling climate change, discussion of climate security has been almost nonexistent among Japanese governmental officials, politicians, and academics. Our aim was to trace discourses related to climate security in Japan to determine why so little exists in Japan and whether or not such discourse could suggest new areas for consideration to more comprehensively respond to the climate change problem. Because of different interpretations and uses of the term “climate security” in the existing literature, we first categorized existing approaches to climate security into four types and used this categorization to examine Japan’s discourse from these perspectives. Two of the approaches, namely “long-term irreversible planetary changes” and “short-term abrupt risks to individuals”, had been considered in Japan previously but without specific reference to the term climate security. The other two, “cause of conflict and violence” and “impacts to military and defense organizations”, however, had not been used and need to be included in discussions of climate change in Japan. Some of the topics not discussed in Japan include indirect economic losses of Japanese industries via supply chains, loss of Japan’s exclusive economic zone due to sea-level rise, and the potential inflow of refugees resulting from extreme weather patterns outside of Japan.

scholarly journals Direct and Indirect Economic Losses Using Typhoon-Flood Disaster Analysis: An Application to Guangdong Province, China

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (21) ◽  
pp. 8980
Author(s):  
Zhuoqun Gao ◽  
R. Richard Geddes ◽  
Tao Ma
Keyword(s):  
Computable General Equilibrium ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Cumulative Risk ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Guangdong Province ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Flood Disasters ◽  
Indirect Economic Losses

Guangdong Province is one of China’s largest and most developed regions. It is home to more than 113 million people and features unique geographical and climatic characteristics. Typhoons that pass through often result in heavy rainfall, which causes flooding. The region’s risk of typhoon and flood disasters, and the resulting indirect economic impacts, have not been fully assessed. The purpose of this paper is to introduce a method for assessing the spatial and temporal cumulative risk of typhoon-induced flood disasters, and the resulting indirect economic impacts, in order to deal with the uncertainty of disasters. We combined an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and spatial analysis using a geographic information system (GIS) to produce a comprehensive weighted-risk assessment from three different aspects of disaster, vulnerability, and resilience, with 11 indicators. A new method for computing risk based on spatial and temporal cumulative patterns of typhoon-induced flood disasters was introduced. We incorporated those direct impacts into a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model to simulate indirect economic losses in alternative scenarios according to different risk levels. We found that the risk in the coastal area is significantly higher than that in the northern mountainous area. The coastal areas of western Guangdong, Pearl River Delta, and Chaoshan Plain face the greatest risk. Our results indicate that typhoon and flood disasters have negative effects on the real GDP, residents’ income, consumption, and several other macroeconomic indicators. We found differing disaster impacts across industrial sectors, including changes in the output, prices, and flow of labor among industries. Our estimates provide scientific support for environmental planning, spatial planning, and disaster-risk management in this important region. They are also of reference value for the development of disaster management strategies in similar climatic regions around the world.

scholarly journals Prevalence of traumatic brain injury in children of Russian Federation: epidemiology and economic aspects

2015 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 581-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
S A Valiullina ◽  
E A Sharova
Keyword(s):  
Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Brain Injury ◽  
Medical Care ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Admission Rate ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury ◽  
Epidemiological Features ◽  
The One ◽  
Indirect Economic Losses

Aim. To define epidemiological features of traumatic brain injury in children and to assess economic losses caused by this condition. Methods. The prevalence of traumatic brain injury in children for the period of 2003-2012 in Russia according to State Statistical Database. Direct and indirect economic losses (overall and per patient) were calculated for 2012. Results. The study revealed an increase of traumatic brain injury prevalence in children for the analyzed period, with the domestic traumatism prevailing among all brain trauma injuries, especially in girls. The amount of economic losses due to traumatic brain injury in children of Russian Federation in 2012 was about 4 milliard roubles. However, this figure is considerably underestimated, because the amount of expenses per one patient with traumatic brain injury is a quarter less compared to the standard sum per one case traumatic brain injury according to the standards of obligatory health insurance. On the one hand, it may be explained by high admission rate in children with minor head injury. On the other hand, it may be a result of insufficient healthcare funding as well as unaccounted expenses for medical care and drug coverage, especially in children with severe traumatic brain injury. Conclusion. The reduction of economic losses due to pediatric traumatic brain injury is possible not only by preventing new cases of traumatic brain injury but also by optimizing medical care.

scholarly journals Using Space Syntax For Estimation Of Potential Disaster Indirect Economic Losses

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 125-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgi Penchev
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Configuration ◽  
Space Syntax ◽  
Indirect Costs ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Economic Sectors ◽  
Physical Damage ◽  
Economic Networks ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Indirect Economic Losses

The paper is aimed at estimation of indirect economic losses resulting from natural disasters. Generally, these losses are defined as interruptions in economic activities and are not related to the damaged enterprises. Even limited physical damage to property and infrastructure caused by natural disaster can produce chain reaction of losses in supply chain within a certain region. The Space Syntax Methodology is developed and used for accessing the characteristics of buildings, cities or the surrounding space in general. Although the methodology was primarily developed as urban planning method, it was also applied in the field of social and economic networks. Various studies of poverty, crime, disaster management and real estate prices are based on this methodology. The economic activities within a specific area are in a state of equilibrium before a disastrous event occurs. The disaster will change the spatial configuration (streets, buildings and infrastructure) causing negative effect on the economic networks and business opportunities. The main assumption of the research is that potential indirect losses could be estimated by comparing the Space Syntax characteristics before and after a disastrous event by measuring the deterioration of links between economic enterprises. The methodology is applied in a practical study of urban area. OpenStreetMap data is used as road-centred map of the city of York. The Historical Flood Map of the UK Environment Agency is used to setup disaster event impact. The Angular Segment Analysis implemented in DepthmapX software is used as the main method for analysis. The study of applicable network measures shows that Normalised Angular Choice can be used as criteria for selecting alternatives for minimizing indirect costs caused by road network damages. At the same time, this methodology cannot be used for monetizing indirect costs or identifying losses in different economic sectors. The study approach does not contradict the main theoretical approaches and it gives new opportunities for research on disasters recovery.

scholarly journals Selection of interspecific Psidium spp. hybrids resistant to Meloidogyne enterolobii

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. e42702 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Moreira Ribeiro ◽  
Vicente Martins Gomes ◽  
Alexandre Pio Viana ◽  
Ricardo Moreira Souza ◽  
Paulo Ricardo dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Genetic Parameters ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Production Chain ◽  
Meloidogyne Enterolobii ◽  
Indirect Economic Losses ◽  
Selection Of

Since 2001, the disease known as 'guava decline', resulting from the interaction between the phytonematode Meloidogyne enterolobii and the fungus Fusarium solanie, has caused direct and indirect economic losses to the entire guava production chain. Given the lack of sources of resistance in guava genotypes, interspecific hybrids of Psidium spp. were obtained for resistance to the nematode M. enterolobii. To classify the level of resistance of the interspecific hybrids, we evaluated the plant classification methodologies proposed by Oostenbrink (1966) and Moura and Régis (1987). Estimates of genetic parameters were obtained using the REML/BLUP approach. Interspecific hybrids resistant to M. enterolobii were selected that can be used as rootstocks or in new crosses for the development of the guava breeding program.

Assessing the Indirect Economic Losses of Sea Ice Disasters: An Adaptive Regional Input-Output Modeling Approach

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-420
Author(s):  
Xueqin Liu ◽  
Shuai Yuan ◽  
Zhenhua Chen ◽  
Lina Song ◽  
Yuxian Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Modeling Approach ◽  
Indirect Economic Losses

Lightning Electromagnetic Field within the Building

2014 ◽  
Vol 971-973 ◽  
pp. 1025-1028
Author(s):  
Ping Lu ◽  
Wei He ◽  
Li Feng Ma ◽  
Ruo Yan Han
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Electromagnetic Field ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Lightning Protection ◽  
Electronic Information ◽  
Stroke Incidence ◽  
Field Distributions ◽  
Fast Development ◽  
Indirect Economic Losses

Because of the fast development of high buildings and large mansions and the increasing applications of electronic information technology, all kinds of advanced electronic equipments are installed in buildings. These equipments have qualities of low insulation, weak endurance of overvoltage and overcurrent and sensitivity for EMC disturb. Then more and more serious hazards and indirect economic losses are arising from lightning disturbance. Therefore, in order to cut down such big losses it is really necessary to conduct the research of stroke-incidence rules and take effective measures to protect buildings against lightning. Theories and practice show that the lightning protection is a systematic engineering. The exterior protection and interior protection should be constituted as an integer. This paper mainly studies the telecommunication equipments in the building disturbed and harmed by the lightning electromagnetic field. To protect this injure effectively we must find out the distributions of the lightning electromagnetic field in the building. Three cases of the lightning electromagnetic field distributions in the building have been discussed in the paper.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document