scholarly journals Characteristics of Atmospheric Turbulence Retrieved From High Vertical‐Resolution Radiosonde Data in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 (14) ◽  
pp. 7553-7579
Author(s):  
H.‐C. Ko ◽  
H.‐Y. Chun ◽  
R. Wilson ◽  
M. A. Geller
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Atmospheric Turbulence ◽  
The United States ◽  
Radiosonde Data ◽  
Vertical Resolution ◽  
High Vertical Resolution

scholarly journals First results of the PML monitor of atmospheric turbulence profile with high vertical resolution

2013 ◽  
Vol 559 ◽  
pp. L6 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Ziad ◽  
F. Blary ◽  
J. Borgnino ◽  
Y. Fanteï-Caujolle ◽  
E. Aristidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Turbulence ◽  
Vertical Resolution ◽  
First Results ◽  
High Vertical Resolution

Monitoring atmospheric turbulence profiles with high vertical resolution using PML/PBL instrument

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Blary ◽  
A. Ziad ◽  
J. Borgnino ◽  
Y. Fantéï-Caujolle ◽  
Eric Aristidi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Turbulence ◽  
Vertical Resolution ◽  
High Vertical Resolution

scholarly journals On the Climatology of Precipitable Water and Water Vapor Flux in the Mid-Atlantic Region of the United States

2015 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young-Hee Ryu ◽  
James A. Smith ◽  
Elie Bou-Zeid
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Diurnal Cycle ◽  
Precipitable Water ◽  
The United States ◽  
Radiosonde Data ◽  
Atlantic Region ◽  
Water Vapor Flux ◽  
Vapor Flux ◽  
Diurnal Cycles

Abstract The seasonal and diurnal climatologies of precipitable water and water vapor flux in the mid-Atlantic region of the United States are examined. A new method of computing water vapor flux at high temporal resolution in an atmospheric column using global positioning system (GPS) precipitable water, radiosonde data, and velocity–azimuth display (VAD) wind profiles is presented. It is shown that water vapor flux exhibits striking seasonal and diurnal cycles and that the diurnal cycles exhibit rapid transitions over the course of the year. A particularly large change in the diurnal cycle of meridional water vapor flux between spring and summer seasons is found. These features of the water cycle cannot be resolved by twice-a-day radiosonde observations. It is also shown that precipitable water exhibits a pronounced seasonal cycle and a less pronounced diurnal cycle. There are large contrasts in the climatology of water vapor flux between precipitation and nonprecipitation conditions in the mid-Atlantic region. It is hypothesized that the seasonal transition of large-scale flow environments and the change in the degree of differential heating in the mountainous and coastal areas are responsible for the contrasting diurnal cycle between spring and summer seasons.

scholarly journals Climatic Variability of Near-Surface Turbulent Kinetic Energy over the United States: Implications for Fire-Weather Predictions

2013 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 753-772 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren E. Heilman ◽  
Xindi Bian
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Kinetic Energy ◽  
Turbulent Kinetic Energy ◽  
Atmospheric Turbulence ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Fire Behavior ◽  
The United States ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variability ◽  
Fire Weather ◽  
Near Surface

AbstractRecent research suggests that high levels of ambient near-surface atmospheric turbulence are often associated with rapid and sometimes erratic wildland fire spread that may eventually lead to large burn areas. Previous research has also examined the feasibility of using near-surface atmospheric turbulent kinetic energy (TKEs) alone or in combination with the Haines index (HI) as an additional indicator of anomalous atmospheric conditions conducive to erratic or extreme fire behavior. However, the application of TKEs-based indices for operational fire-weather predictions in the United States on a regional or national basis first requires a climatic assessment of the spatial and temporal patterns of the indices that can then be used for testing their operational effectiveness. This study provides an initial examination of some of the spatial and temporal variability patterns across the United States of TKEs and the product of HI and TKEs (HITKEs) using data from the North American Regional Reanalysis dataset covering the 1979–2008 period. The analyses suggest that there are regional differences in the behavior of these indices and that regionally dependent threshold values for TKEs and HITKEs may be needed for their potential use as operational indicators of anomalous atmospheric turbulence conditions conducive to erratic fire behavior. The analyses also indicate that broad areas within the northeastern, southeastern, and southwestern regions of the United States have experienced statistically significant positive trends in TKEs and HITKEs values over the 1979–2008 period, with the most substantial increases in values occurring over the 1994–2008 period.

PML: a generalized monitor of atmospheric turbulence profile with high vertical resolution

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (25) ◽  
pp. 7574
Author(s):  
Julien Chabé ◽  
Eric Aristidi ◽  
Aziz Ziad ◽  
Henri Lantéri ◽  
Yan Fanteï-Caujolle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Turbulence ◽  
Vertical Resolution ◽  
High Vertical Resolution

Formation of the Enhanced-V Infrared Cloud-Top Feature from High-Resolution Three-Dimensional Radar Observations

2013 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 332-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cameron R. Homeyer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Radar Data ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Formation Mechanisms ◽  
Vertical Resolution ◽  
Responsible Mechanism ◽  
High Vertical Resolution ◽  
Atmospheric State

Abstract The responsible mechanism for the formation of the enhanced-V infrared cloud-top feature observed above tropopause-penetrating thunderstorms is not well understood. A new method for the combination of volumetric radar reflectivity from individual radars into three-dimensional composites with high vertical resolution (1 km) is introduced and used to test various formation mechanisms proposed in the literature. For analysis, a set of 89 enhanced-V storms over the eastern continental United States are identified in the 10-yr period from 2001 to 2010 using geostationary satellite data. The background atmospheric state from each storm is determined using the Interim ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-Interim) and radiosonde observations. In conjunction with the infrared temperature fields, analysis of the radar data in a coordinate relative to the location of the overshooting convective top and in altitudes relative to the tropopause suggests that above-anvil (stratospheric) cirrus clouds are the most likely mechanism for the formation of the enhanced V.

Near-Ground Wind Profiles of Tornadic and Nontornadic Environments in the United States and Europe from ERA5 Reanalyses

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 2621-2638
Author(s):  
Brice E. Coffer ◽  
Mateusz Taszarek ◽  
Matthew D. Parker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Wind Profile ◽  
Lower Troposphere ◽  
The United States ◽  
Objective Analysis ◽  
Vertical Resolution ◽  
Low Level ◽  
Significant Control ◽  
Severe Thunderstorms ◽  
Wind Profiles

AbstractThe near-ground wind profile exhibits significant control over the organization, intensity, and steadiness of low-level updrafts and mesocyclones in severe thunderstorms, and thus their probability of being associated with tornadogenesis. The present work builds upon recent improvements in supercell tornado forecasting by examining the possibility that storm-relative helicity (SRH) integrated over progressively shallower layers has increased skill in differentiating between significantly tornadic and nontornadic severe thunderstorms. For a population of severe thunderstorms in the United States and Europe, sounding-derived parameters are computed from the ERA5 reanalysis, which has significantly enhanced vertical resolution compared to prior analyses. The ERA5 is shown to represent U.S. convective environments similarly to the Storm Prediction Center’s mesoscale surface objective analysis, but its greater number of vertical levels in the lower troposphere permits calculations to be performed over shallower layers. In the ERA5, progressively shallower layers of SRH provide greater discrimination between nontornadic and significantly tornadic thunderstorms in both the United States and Europe. In the United States, the 0–100 m AGL layer has the highest forecast skill of any SRH layer tested, although gains are comparatively modest for layers shallower than 0–500 m AGL. In Europe, the benefit from using shallower layers of SRH is even greater; the lower-tropospheric SRH is by far the most skillful ingredient there, far exceeding related composite parameters like the significant tornado parameter (which has negligible skill in Europe).

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