scholarly journals The Infrastructure Impacts of Solar Storms

Eos ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Gannon
Keyword(s):  
Space Weather ◽  
Power Engineering ◽  
Geomagnetically Induced Currents ◽  
Induced Currents ◽  
Solar Storms

A new book brings together insights from the space weather, geophysics, and power engineering communities to understand the characteristics and impacts of geomagnetically induced currents.

scholarly journals From solar eruption to transformer saturation: the space weather chain

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (S300) ◽  
pp. 500-501
Author(s):  
Larisa Trichtchenko
Keyword(s):  
Space Weather ◽  
Geomagnetic Field ◽  
Geomagnetic Storms ◽  
Interplanetary Medium ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Power Grids ◽  
Geomagnetically Induced Currents ◽  
Large Space ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Induced Currents

AbstractCoronal mass ejections (CME) and associated interplanetary-propagated solar wind disturbances are the established causes of the geomagnetic storms which, in turn, create the most hazardous impacts on power grids. These impacts are due to the large geomagnetically induced currents (GIC) associated with variations of geomagnetic field during storms, which, flowing through the transformer windings, cause extra magnetisation. That can lead to transformer saturation and, in extreme cases, can result in power blackouts. Thus, it is of practical importance to study the solar causes of the large space weather events. This paper presents the example of the space weather chain for the event of 5-6 November 2001 and a table providing complete overview of the largest solar events during solar cycle 23 with their subsequent effects on interplanetary medium and on the ground. This compact overview can be used as guidance for investigations of the solar causes and their predictions, which has a practical importance in everyday life.

scholarly journals NUCLEAR MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMIC EMP, SOLAR STORMS, AND SUBSTORMS

1992 ◽  
Vol 06 (20) ◽  
pp. 3353-3380 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARIO RABINOWITZ ◽  
A.P. SAKIS MELIOPOULOS ◽  
ELIAS N. GLYTSIS ◽  
GEORGE J. COKKINIDES
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Electromagnetic Pulse ◽  
Geomagnetically Induced Currents ◽  
Geomagnetic Disturbances ◽  
Storm Effects ◽  
Storms And Substorms ◽  
Solar Storm ◽  
Induced Currents ◽  
Solar Storms

In addition to a fast electromagnetic pulse (EMP), a high altitude nuclear burst produces a relatively slow magnetohydrodynamic EMP (MHD EMP), whose effects are like those from solar storm geomagnetically induced currents (SS-GIC). The MHD EMP electric field E≲10−1 V/m and lasts ≲102 sec , whereas for solar storms E≳10−2 V/m and lasts ≳103 sec . Although the solar storm electric field is lower than MHD EMP, the solar storm effects are generally greater due to their much longer duration. Substorms produce much smaller effects than SS-GIC, but occur much more frequently. This paper describes the physics of such geomagnetic disturbances and analyzes their effects.

scholarly journals Observations from SANSA’s geomagnetic network during the Saint Patrick’s Day storm of 17–18 March 2015

2019 ◽  
Vol 115 (1/2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Nahayo ◽  
Pieter B. Kotzé ◽  
Pierre J. Cilliers ◽  
Stefan Lotz
Keyword(s):  
Electric Field ◽  
Space Weather ◽  
Power Distribution ◽  
Geomagnetic Storms ◽  
Geomagnetically Induced Currents ◽  
Weather Events ◽  
Induced Currents ◽  
Temporary Disturbance ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
Magnetic Observatories

Geomagnetic storms are space weather events that result in a temporary disturbance of the earth’s magnetosphere caused by a solar wind that interacts with the earth’s magnetic field. We examined more closely how some southern African magnetic observatories responded to the Saint Patrick’s Day storm using local K-indices. We show how this network of observatories may be utilised to model induced electric field, which is useful for the monitoring of geomagnetically induced anomalous currents capable of damaging power distribution infrastructure. We show an example of the correlation between a modelled induced electric field and measured geomagnetically induced currents in southern Africa. The data show that there are differences between global and local indices, which vary with the phases of the storm. We show the latitude dependence of geomagnetic activity and demonstrate that the direction of the variation is different for the X and Y components. Significance: • The importance of ground-based data in space weather studies is demonstrated. • We show how SANSA’s geomagnetic network may be utilised to model induced electric field, which is useful for the monitoring of geomagnetically induced anomalous currents capable of damaging power distribution infrastructure.

Preliminary investigation of the possibility of GIC development in Greece

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adamantia Zoe Boutsi ◽  
Georgios Balasis ◽  
Ioannis A. Daglis
Keyword(s):  
Space Weather ◽  
Geomagnetic Field ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Geomagnetically Induced Currents ◽  
Middle Latitudes ◽  
Magnetometer Array ◽  
Induced Currents ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Geomagnetic Measurements

<p>Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GIC) constitute an integral part of the space weather research and a subject of ever-growing attention for countries located in the low and middle latitudes. A series of recent studies highlights the importance of considering GIC risks for the Mediterranean region. The HellENIc GeoMagnetic Array (ENIGMA) is a network of 4 ground-based magnetometer stations in the areas of Thessaly, Central Greece, Peloponnese and Crete in Greece that provides geomagnetic measurements for the study of pulsations, resulting from the solar wind - magnetosphere coupling. ENIGMA magnetometer array enables effective remote sensing of geospace dynamics and the study of space weather effects on the ground (i.e. GIC). ENIGMA contributes data to SuperMAG, a worldwide collaboration of organizations and national agencies that currently operate approximately 300 ground-based magnetometers. In this presentation, we exploit ENIGMA data in order to study the spatio-temporal variations of the geomagnetic field that emanate during active geospace conditions. Moreover, we investigate the possibility that these variations produce hazardous currents and provide an estimation of their intensity, focusing on the most intense magnetic storms of the present solar cycle.</p>

The quantification and possible sources of spatially structured and large amplitude geomagnetic depressions during strong geomagnetic storms measured by IMAGE

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Dimmock ◽  
Lisa Rosenqvist ◽  
Ari Viljanen ◽  
Colin Forsyth ◽  
Mervyn Freeman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Space Weather ◽  
Geomagnetic Storms ◽  
Dynamical Behaviour ◽  
Geomagnetically Induced Currents ◽  
Geomagnetic Disturbances ◽  
Modeling Framework ◽  
Coupling Dynamics ◽  
Weather Modeling ◽  
Induced Currents ◽  
Coupling Processes

<p>Geomagnetically Induced Currents (GICs) are a space weather hazard that can negatively impact large ground-based infrastructures such as power lines, pipelines, and railways. They are driven by the dynamic spatiotemporal behaviour of currents flowing in geospace, which drive rapid geomagnetic disturbances on the ground. In some cases, geomagnetic disturbances are highly localised and spatially structured due to the dynamical behaviour of geospace currents and magnetosphere-ionosphere (M-I) coupling dynamics, which are complex and often unclear.</p><p>In this work, we investigate and quantify the spatial structure of large geomagnetic depressions exceeding several hundred nT according to the 10 strongest events measured over Fennoscandia by IMAGE. Using ground magnetometer measurements we connect these spatially structured geomagnetic disturbances to possible M-I coupling processes and identify their likely magnetospheric origin. In addition, the ability for these disturbances to drive large GICs is assessed by calculating their respective geoelectric fields in Sweden using the SMAP ground conductivity model. To compliment the observations, we also utilise high resolution runs (>7 million cells) of the Space Weather Modeling Framework (SWMF) to determine to what extent global MHD models can capture this behaviour.</p>

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