scholarly journals One-Pixel Views of Earth Reveal Seasonal Changes

Eos ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Kornei
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Single Pixel ◽  
Over Time

By averaging satellite images of the Earth down to a single pixel, researchers trace how the planet’s mean color varies over time, results that inform observations of distant exoplanets.

scholarly journals Urban Intensities. The Urbanization of the Iberian Mediterranean Coast in the Light of Nighttime Satellite Images of the Earth

Urban Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joan Checa ◽  
Oriol Nel·lo
Keyword(s):  
Urban Studies ◽  
Seasonal Variations ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Mediterranean Coast ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Urbanization Process ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Over Time

The contribution shares the approach of critical urban studies that have conceptualized urbanization more as a process than as a sum of spatial forms. Thus, the contribution studies the urbanization process not only from the point of view of the physical occupation of land but also considers changes in the intensity of the uses of space. To fulfill this aim, the new sources of nocturnal satellite images are particularly useful. These allow us to observe the intensity of urban uses both in terms of their distribution over space and their recurrence over time. The research focuses on the Iberian Mediterranean coast and permits the verification of the intensity of the urban uses of the space for the whole of this area and their seasonal variations throughout the year. The source of the study are the nighttime satellite images of the Earth for the 2012–2017 period from the NASA SNPP satellite equipped with the VIIRS-DNB instrument. By establishing a threshold of urban light the research shows that those districts with the greatest extensions of urban light do not necessarily correspond with the most densely populated areas. Similarly the absence of urban light does not necessarily indicate the absence of urban uses. Finally, the variations of intensity of light prove to be a good indicator of seasonal variations of activity in tourist areas.

Geographical aspects of the diffusion of passive houses

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Kozma ◽  
E. Molnár ◽  
K. Czimre ◽  
J. Pénzes
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Substantial Part ◽  
Renewable Energy Resources ◽  
Passive House ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Passive Houses ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Geographical Locations ◽  
Over Time

Abstract In our days, energy issues belong to the most important problems facing the Earth and the solution may be expected partly from decreasing the amount of the energy used and partly from the increased utilisation of renewable energy resources. A substantial part of energy consumption is related to buildings and includes, inter alia, the use for cooling/heating, lighting and cooking purposes. In the view of the above, special attention has been paid to minimising the energy consumption of buildings since the late 1980s. Within the framework of that, the passive house was created, a building in which the thermal comfort can be achieved solely by postheating or postcooling of the fresh air mass without a need for recirculated air. The aim of the paper is to study the changes in the construction of passive houses over time. In addition, the differences between the geographical locations and the observable peculiarities with regard to the individual building types are also presented.

The research study in the convergence of the results of processing radar images Sentinel-1A with field observations of agricultural sites

2019 ◽  
Vol 950 (8) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
D.V. Mozer ◽  
Е.L. Levin ◽  
A.K. Satbergenova
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Remote Sensing ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Research Study ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Agricultural Fields ◽  
Field Observations ◽  
Radar Images ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Radar Satellite ◽  
Modern Technologies

The manuscript discusses how to monitor the condition of seedlings on agricultural fields planted with winter wheat, fodder maize and areas of fir forest located in the Freudenstadt district of Baden-Wuerttemberg in Germany. To solve the range of agricultural problems , they often use modern technologies such as satellite remote sensing of the Earth. The paper displays the monitoring results of the Sentinel-1A radar satellites scenes, as well as visual spectrum imagery of field observations are presented when leaving directly to terrain segments. The processing deployed data chain, consisting of 11 Sentinel-1A scenes acquired in the timefrane from March to November 2018. Specifically, the SNAP Sentinel Toolboxes software was used to process the radar satellite images Sentinel-1А, the. Based on the the research outcomes the Committee of Agriculture of the Freudenstadt district is able to predict the yield amount with high accuracy due to good data convergence. According to the study, the following three important problems can be resolved by means of Sentinel-1A imagery

Efficient onboard image motion compensation for orbital inclination and eccentricity of geostationary weather satellites

2020 ◽  
Vol 234 (7) ◽  
pp. 1311-1325
Author(s):  
MP Ramachandran ◽  
MK Agarwal ◽  
DA Daniel
Keyword(s):  
Motion Compensation ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Software Tool ◽  
Image Motion ◽  
Wind Vector ◽  
Orbital Inclination ◽  
Scanning Mirror ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Detail Image ◽  
Geographical Locations

Image registration is important in geostationary weather satellites. Achieving consistent registration of the images with respect to the geographical locations on the Earth is here of interest. The consistency in the registration between the images is affected whenever the orbital inclination and eccentricity are not zero. The imaging payload has a two-axis scanning mirror to capture the Earth image. The above orbital effects together with scan mirror pointing direction are the factors that cause the misregistration. This paper presents an onboard algorithm that provides the scan compensation angles due to the above factors and achieves consistent registration. The compensation varies every second, which is the time taken for each scan. Hence it is preferred to have computations onboard than to have ground based bulk uplinks for the scan compensation. The paper presents an algorithm that is useful, say, when (i) the onboard computing capabilities are limited, (ii) the navigation accuracies are coarse and (iii) the image resampling is not preferred on the ground and the payload data are directly used for weather applications. The paper also discusses the tests that were carried on the onboard software in order to validate its performance in achieving the consistent registration before launch. This is done by using another independent software tool which is also described in detail. Image motion algorithm was invoked for a couple of days in INSAT 3DR. The atmospheric wind vector deduced directly from the satellite images is given at the end.

scholarly journals Using satellite images in teaching geography at school

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Satellite Images ◽  
Visual Image ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Atmospheric Fronts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Memory Representations ◽  
Control Knowledge

Satellite images occupy a signifi cant place in the Earth Sciences. This fully applies to geography. Images of the Earth from space are used in various activities: to assess crops, to establish the boundaries of a phenomenon, to determine the degree of contamination of land or ocean surfaces, to search for minerals, and so on. But in school geography, satellite images are used very rarely - for example, to prove the sphericity of the Earth or to show the view of each continent from space. The purpose of this article is to highlight the methods of using satellite images in geography lessons at school and to create tasks based on these means of training. Main material. The history of using satellite images in school geography has been considered in the article. Advantages and disadvantages of satellite images as training tools are also noted. The role of satellite images in the formation of geographical representations is highlighted by the authors. These images realistically depict many natural phenomena (atmospheric fronts, cyclones, dust storms, etc.). Therefore, as a means of visualization, they contribute to the formation of memory representations in schoolchildren. Examples of a number of satellite images show how they can be used in teaching geography. The article off ers a methodical way of the use of satellite images at diff erent stages of learning. These images can be used to explain the training material, repeat it, control knowledge, and so on. Satellite images can be used to solve cartographic tasks. As practice has shown, we can perform creative tasks based on images. Conclusions. Satellite images play an important role in the system of teaching geography. The use of satellite images allows us to improve the pupils’ interest in the subject. Satellite images form geographical memory representations create a visual image of the natural appearance of the Earth. The study of educational opportunities of the Earth’s images from space has revealed three groups of requirements: pedagogical, technical and specific, determined by the content of school geography. The teacher should select satellite images based on the content of educational tasks of school geography.

Towards a better understanding of river dynamics in semi-urbanised areas: a machine learning analysis on time-series satellite images

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessio Cislaghi ◽  
Paolo Fogliata ◽  
Emanuele Morlotti ◽  
Gian Battista Bischetti
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Time Series ◽  
Riparian Vegetation ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
River Management ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
River Dynamics ◽  
Clear Cutting ◽  
Over Time

<p>River channels and floodplains have been highly modified over the last 70 years to mitigate flood risk and to gain lands for agricultural activities, settlements and soft infrastructures (e.g., cycle paths). River engineering measures simplified the geomorphologic complexity of river system, usually from braided or wandering channels to highly-confined single-thread channel. Meanwhile, rivers naturally adjust and self-organise the geomorphologic function as response of all the disturbances (e.g., flood events, river-bed degradation, narrowing, control works) altering sediment and water transfer, exacerbating bank erosion processes and streambank failures, and exposing bare sediment that can be subsequently colonized by pioneer species. In this context, river management has to address river dynamics planning sustainable practices with the aim to combine hydraulic safety, river functionality, and ecological/environmental quality. These actions require the detection of river processes by monitoring the geomorphological changes over time, both over the active riverbank and the close floodplains. Thus, remote sensing technology combined with machine learning algorithms offers a viable decision-making instrument (Piégay et al., 2020).</p><p>This study proposes a procedure that consists in applying image segmentation and classification algorithms (i.e., Random Forest and dendrogram-based method) over time-series high resolution RGB-NIR satellite-images, to identify the fluvial forms (bars and islands), the vegetation patches and the active riverbed. The study focuses on three different reaches of Oglio River (Valcamonica, North Italy), representative of the most common geomorphic changes in Alpine rivers.</p><p>The results clearly show the temporal evolution/dynamics of vegetated and non-vegetated bars and islands, as consequence of human and natural disturbances (flood events, riparian vegetation clear-cutting, and bank-protection works). Moreover, the procedure allows to distinguish two stages of riparian vegetation (i.e., pioneer and mature vegetated areas) and to quantify the timing of colonization and growth. Finally, the study proposes a practical application of the described methodology for river managers indicating which river management activity (including timing, intensity and economic costs) is more appropriate and sustainable for each studied reach.</p><p> </p><p>References: Piégay, H., Arnaud, F., Belletti, B., Bertrand, M., Bizzi, S., Carbonneau, P., Dufour, S., Liébault, F., Ruiz‐Villanueva, V. and Slater, L.: Remotely sensed rivers in the Anthropocene: state of the art and prospects, Earth Surf. Process. Landf., 45(1), 157–188, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.4787, 2020.</p>

GIS Based Satellite Image Denoising Using Curvelet Transform

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 654
Author(s):  
S. Sinthuja ◽  
Santhosh Saravanan
Keyword(s):  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Human Visual System ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Satellite Image ◽  
Curvelet Transform ◽  
Intensity Difference ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Pixel Intensity ◽  
The Earth

<p>Generally, satellite images contain very significant information about geographical features such as rivers, roads, building and bridges etc of the earth. Geographic Information System (GIS) requires these features for automatic detection and it has been corrupted by various types of noise. Curvelet Transform (CT) is used in the proposed system for denoising the images. Advantages of multi resolution image such as line, compatibility of human visual system and edge detection are provided. Then K-Means clustering is used in this system for segmentation purpose after the pre processing done.</p><p>First, K-Means algorithm is used for segmenting background and water then extraction of bridges is done based on pixel intensity difference.   </p>

Inquiry-Based Laboratory Experiences Using Ecosystem Microcosms

2017 ◽  
Vol 79 (6) ◽  
pp. 466-472
Author(s):  
Roger Sauterer
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Cooperative Learning ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Nutrient Runoff ◽  
Laboratory Experiences ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Oral Presentations ◽  
Design Experiments ◽  
Over Time

Self-sustaining ecosystem microcosms, called ecosystem jars, can easily be collected from local ponds, streams, or lakes. Sealed and exposed to sunlight, these miniature ecosystems can sustain themselves for a decade or more. Unlike Winogradsky columns, ecosystem jars are optimized for protist, animal, and plant observations and experiments, and are not altered by addition of sulfur, carbon, or cellulose sources, more accurately representing natural ecosystems. Ecosystem jars can support a variety of inquiry-based experiments, including student-designed projects, from middle school to college levels. Students, with instructor assistance, formulate hypotheses, design experiments, observe and catalog organisms by microscopy, then record their data in tables and graphs and draw conclusions. Students present their data in a paper or poster format or as oral presentations to the class. Potential experiments include examining biotic changes over time, the effects of added pollutants or nutrients, biotic differences between watershed types, or seasonal changes in biota. These investigations not only provide students with cooperative learning, inquiry-based lab experiences, but also help them gain appreciation for the effects of pollution or nutrient runoff on ecosystems.

scholarly journals FPGA Implementation of Multispectral Image Compression for Satellite Images

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 561-567
Keyword(s):  
Image Compression ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Earth Satellite ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Fpga Implementation ◽  
Multispectral Image ◽  
Complex Wavelet Transform ◽  
Multispectral Data ◽  
The Earth ◽  
Multispectral Image Compression

Multispectral image compression plays a vital role in remote sensing through satellites. Satellite images are more powerful approach to study the space information and research the geographical nature of the earth. Satellite images contains the huge amount of data and it requires more bandwidth for transmission and more memory for storage. Multispectral image compression reduces the size of the multispectral data and makes it easy for storage and transmission to the earth station form the satellite. The image is compressed by reducing the irrelevant and redundant part of data. This paper presents FPGA implementation of multispectral image compression using Dual Tree Complex Wavelet Transform (DTCWT) and Arithmetic Coding. This compression algorithm is implemented and simulated using MATLAB and XILINX ISE14.5 simulator. The FPGA Spartan -6 architecture is used to implement the algorithm. The proposed method gives better result in PSNR and MSE ratio as compared to DWT.

scholarly journals Uso e ocupação do solo por meio de uma série histórica na bacia do rio Santa Teresa em Goiás (Use and occupation of the soil through a historical series in the Santa Teresa river watershed in Goiás)

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 296
Author(s):  
Pedro Paulino Borges ◽  
Patrick Thomaz De Aquino Martins ◽  
Anamaria Achtschin Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Scientific Community ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
River Watershed ◽  
Watershed Area ◽  
Green Area ◽  
Historical Series ◽  
Over Time

O uso e ocupação do solo de forma desordenada leva a degradação ambiental e perda de recursos. Este cenário tem sido observado para o Cerrado. A vegetação do bioma tem sido intensamente convertida ao longo do tempo para diversos fins. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o uso e cobertura do solo através de uma série histórica de 28 anos  na bacia do rio Santa Teresa, estado de Goiás. Foram obtidas imagens dos satélites Landsat 5 e 8 para os anos de 1985, 1997 e 2013. As imagens foram processadas usando o programa ENVI 4.7 e ArcGIS 10.0. De 1985 até 2013 houve uma redução de 17,22% da vegetação natural, que tem sido convertida principalmente em áreas de pastagem para a criação de gado. Além disso, áreas com solo exposto também tem aumentado, reflexo, principalmente, das atividades agropecuárias. A bacia do rio Santa Teresa tem uma grande área de vegetação remanescente (70,37% da área da bacia em 2013), entretanto, ressaltamos a necessidade de esforços da comunidade científica para inventariar os recursos naturais, pois a bacia carece de estudos científicos, e, com isso, buscar maneiras de conservar o que resta antes que seja degradado, visto que mudanças na cobertura do solo tem ocorrido ao longo do tempo.    A B S T R A C T The use and occupation of soil in a disorganized way leads to environmental degradation and loss of resources. This scenario has been observed for the Cerrado. The vegetation biome has been extensively converted over time for various purposes. The study aimed to evaluate the use of land through a historical series in Santa Teresa river watershed in Goiás state. Satellite images Landsat 5 and 8 for the years 1985, 1997 and 2013 were obtained. Images were processed using ENVI 4.7 and ArcGIS 10.0. From 1985 until 2013 there was a reduction of 17.22% of the natural vegetation which has been converted mainly grazing areas for cattle breeding. In addition, areas with exposed soil has also increased, mainly reflecting the livestock activities. The watershed of the river Santa Teresa has a large remaining green area (70.37% of the watershed area in 2013), however, we emphasize the need for efforts of the scientific community to inventory the natural resources because the watershed lacks scientific studies and thus find ways to conserve, before it is degraded. Keywords: Cerrado, Conservation, Geoprocessing 

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document