scholarly journals Global Investigation of Soil Moisture and Latent Heat Flux Coupling Strength

2018 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 8196-8215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangni Lei ◽  
Wade T. Crow ◽  
Thomas R. H. Holmes ◽  
Christopher Hain ◽  
Martha C. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Latent Heat ◽  
Latent Heat Flux ◽  
Coupling Strength ◽  
Flux Coupling

scholarly journals Are Soil Moisture and Latent Heat Overcoupled in Land Models?

Eos ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Sidder
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Latent Heat ◽  
Latent Heat Flux ◽  
Coupling Strength ◽  
Statistical Approach ◽  
Flux Coupling ◽  
The Relationship

A novel statistical approach demonstrates how to reduce bias in remote sensing estimates of soil moisture and latent heat flux coupling strength and clarifies the relationship between the variables.

scholarly journals Robust estimates of soil moisture and latent heat flux coupling strength obtained from triple collocation

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (20) ◽  
pp. 8415-8423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wade T. Crow ◽  
Fangni Lei ◽  
Christopher Hain ◽  
Martha C. Anderson ◽  
Russell L. Scott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Latent Heat ◽  
Latent Heat Flux ◽  
Coupling Strength ◽  
Robust Estimates ◽  
Flux Coupling

scholarly journals Simulation of Land Surface Climate over China with RegCM4.5: Verification and Analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minghao Yang ◽  
Ruiting Zuo ◽  
Liqiong Wang ◽  
Xiong Chen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Latent Heat ◽  
Latent Heat Flux ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
South China ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Reanalysis Data ◽  
Surface Evaporation

The ability of RegCM4.5 using land surface scheme CLM4.5 to simulate the physical variables related to land surface state was investigated. The NCEP-NCAR reanalysis data for the period 1964–2003 were used to drive RegCM4.5 to simulate the land surface temperature, precipitation, soil moisture, latent heat flux, and surface evaporation. Based on observations and reanalysis data, a few land surface variables were analyzed over China. The results showed that some seasonal features of land surface temperature in summer and winter as well as its magnitude could be simulated well. The simulation of precipitation was sensitive to region and season. The model could, to a certain degree, simulate the seasonal migration of rainband in East China. The overall spatial distribution of the simulated soil moisture was better in winter than in summer. The simulation of latent heat flux was also better in winter. In summer, the latent heat flux bias mainly arose from surface evaporation bias in Northwest China, and it primarily arose from vegetation evapotranspiration bias in South China. In addition, the large latent heat flux bias in South China during summer was probably due to less precipitation generated in the model and poor representation of vegetation cover in this region.

Land–Atmosphere Interaction in Tropical Africa

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy Hohenegger
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Latent Heat ◽  
Latent Heat Flux ◽  
Surface State ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Moisture Distribution ◽  
Sahel Region ◽  
The Impact

Even though many features of the vegetation and of the soil moisture distribution over Africa reflect its climatic zones, the land surface has the potential to feed back on the atmosphere and on the climate of Africa. The land surface and the atmosphere communicate via the surface energy budget. A particularly important control of the land surface, besides its control on albedo, is on the partitioning between sensible and latent heat flux. In a soil moisture-limited regime, for instance, an increase in soil moisture leads to an increase in latent heat flux at the expanse of the sensible heat flux. The result is a cooling and a moistening of the planetary boundary layer. On the one hand, this thermodynamically affects the atmosphere by altering the stability and the moisture content of the vertical column. Depending on the initial atmospheric profile, convection may be enhanced or suppressed. On the other hand, a confined perturbation of the surface state also has a dynamical imprint on the atmospheric flow by generating horizontal gradients in temperature and pressure. Such gradients spin up shallow circulations that affect the development of convection. Whereas the importance of such circulations for the triggering of convection over the Sahel region is well accepted and well understood, the effect of such circulations on precipitation amounts as well as on mature convective systems remains unclear. Likewise, the magnitude of the impact of large-scale perturbations of the land surface state on the large-scale circulation of the atmosphere, such as the West African monsoon, has long been debated. One key issue is that such interactions have been mainly investigated in general circulation models where the key involved processes have to rely on uncertain parameterizations, making a definite assessment difficult.

Studies on lichen-dominated systems. XX. An examination of some aspects of the northern boreal lichen woodlands in Canada

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. A. Kershaw
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Latent Heat ◽  
Latent Heat Flux ◽  
Higher Plants ◽  
Sensible Heat Flux ◽  
Subsequent Development ◽  
Sensible Heat ◽  
Early Recovery ◽  
Lichen Woodland

The existence of two major types of lichen woodland in Canada, Cladonia stellaris woodland and Stereocaulon paschale woodland, is discussed in relation to their seral nature and their rarely developed theoretical climax type.Our own observations, coupled with previous descriptions from a wider area, suggest that Stereocaulon paschale woodland replaces Cladonia stellaris woodland in a more or less continuous zone from just west of Churchill across to Great Slave Lake, immediately north and south of latitude 60° N. Both woodland types are often typical of sandy soils (pH 6 or less) and almost always represent the final recovery phase after fire. Rarely, the lichen surface is replaced by a continuous moss cover as the spruce canopy closes. The lichen surface is thus dependent on the lack of competition from higher plants, the absence of which is characteristic of the climate of this northern boreal region. Cladonia stellaris woodland also occurs on palsas and peat plateaux where, again, lack of higher plant competition and a suitable pH exist.The recovery sequence after fire is a highly complex process and as yet only the following parameters have been categorized. In the early recovery phases, limited soil moisture and hence a reduced summer latent heat flux enhance the sensible heat flux. The surface conditions are analogous to those of a hot desert with very high surface temperatures and extremely large diurnal temperature fluctuations. The physiology of these initial moss and lichen colonizers presumably enables them to tolerate these harsh conditions. The establishment of a few spruce seedlings and the subsequent development of open lichen woodland modulates the harsh summer temperature regime and allows the further development of a vegetated surface. After humus accumulation, which acts as an effective mulch, summer soil moisture is elevated, enhancing the latent heat flux and correspondingly reducing the sensible heat flux. This probably allows the full development of mature lichen woodland with its almost monospecific ground cover of either Cladonia stellaris or Stereocaulon paschale. Limited data suggest that the net photosynthetic responses of these two species is favoured by the relatively warm mesic conditions established by the open spruce canopy. Good accumulation of snow in the winter is probably also important for protection of the lichen surface from low temperatures. The open nature of mature lichen woodland is apparently maintained by an active inhibition of spruce seedling establishment by the lichen mat, although the mechanism is not entirely clear.

scholarly journals Propagating Subsurface Uncertainty to the Atmosphere Using Fully Coupled Stochastic Simulations

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 690-701 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L. Williams ◽  
Reed M. Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Latent Heat ◽  
Latent Heat Flux ◽  
Hydrologic Model ◽  
Stochastic Simulations ◽  
Multiple Model ◽  
Conditional Monte Carlo ◽  
Fully Coupled

Abstract Feedbacks between the land surface and the atmosphere, manifested as mass and energy fluxes, are strongly correlated with soil moisture, making soil moisture an important factor in land–atmosphere interactions. It is shown that a reduction of the uncertainty in subsurface properties such as hydraulic conductivity (K) propagates into the atmosphere, resulting in a reduction in uncertainty in land–atmosphere feedbacks that yields more accurate atmospheric predictions. Using the fully coupled groundwater-to-atmosphere model ParFlow-WRF, which couples the hydrologic model ParFlow with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) atmospheric model, responses in land–atmosphere feedbacks and wind patterns due to subsurface heterogeneity are simulated. Ensembles are generated by varying the spatial location of subsurface properties while maintaining the global statistics and correlation structure. This approach is common to the hydrologic sciences but uncommon in atmospheric simulations where ensemble forecasts are commonly generated with perturbed initial conditions or multiple model parameterizations. It is clearly shown that different realizations of K produce variation in soil moisture, latent heat flux, and wind for both point and domain-averaged quantities. Using a single random field to represent a control case, varying amounts of K data are sampled and subsurface data are incorporated into conditional Monte Carlo ensembles to show that the difference between the ensemble mean prediction and the control saturation, latent heat flux, and wind speed are reduced significantly via conditioning of K. By reducing uncertainty associated with land–atmosphere feedback mechanisms, uncertainty is also reduced in both spatially distributed and domain-averaged wind speed magnitudes, thus improving the ability to make more accurate forecasts, which is important for many applications such as wind energy.

scholarly journals The effect of chalk representation in land surface modelling

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mostaquimur Rahman ◽  
Rafael Rosolem
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Latent Heat ◽  
Latent Heat Flux ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Unsaturated Zone ◽  
Water Movement ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Surface Model ◽  
Surface Mass

Abstract. Modelling and monitoring of hydrological processes in the unsaturated zone of the chalk, which is a porous medium with fractures, is important to optimize water resources assessment and management practices in the United Kingdom (UK). However, efficient simulations of water movement through chalk unsaturated zone is difficult mainly due to the fractured nature of chalk, which creates high-velocity preferential flow paths in the subsurface. Complex hydrology in the chalk aquifers may also influence land surface mass and energy fluxes because processes in the hydrological cycle are connected via non-linear feedback mechanisms. In this study, it is hypothesized that explicit representation of chalk hydrology in a land surface model influences land surface processes by affecting water movement through the shallow subsurface. In order to substantiate this hypothesis, a macroporosity parameterization is implemented in the Joint UK Land Environment Simulator (JULES), which is applied on a study area encompassing the Kennet catchment in the Southern UK. The simulation results are evaluated using field measurements and satellite remote sensing observations of various fluxes and states in the hydrological cycle (e.g., soil moisture, runoff, latent heat flux) at two distinct spatial scales (i.e., point and catchment). The results reveal the influence of representing chalk hydrology on land surface mass and energy balance components such as surface runoff and latent heat flux via subsurface processes (i.e., soil moisture dynamics) in JULES, which corroborates the proposed hypothesis.

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