scholarly journals AirSWOT InSAR Mapping of Surface Water Elevations and Hydraulic Gradients Across the Yukon Flats Basin, Alaska

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 937-953 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lincoln H. Pitcher ◽  
Tamlin M. Pavelsky ◽  
Laurence C. Smith ◽  
Delwyn K. Moller ◽  
Elizabeth H. Altenau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Hydraulic Gradients ◽  
Water Elevations

scholarly journals Investigating patterns and controls of groundwater up-welling in a lowland river by combining Fibre-optic Distributed Temperature Sensing with observations of vertical hydraulic gradients

2012 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1775-1792 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Krause ◽  
T. Blume ◽  
N. J. Cassidy
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Water Exchange ◽  
Structural Heterogeneity ◽  
Temperature Sensing ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Lowland River ◽  
Fibre Optic ◽  
Distributed Temperature Sensing ◽  
Hydraulic Gradients ◽  
Cold Spots

Abstract. This paper investigates the patterns and controls of aquifer–river exchange in a fast-flowing lowland river by the conjunctive use of streambed temperature anomalies identified with Fibre-optic Distributed Temperature Sensing (FO-DTS) and observations of vertical hydraulic gradients (VHG). FO-DTS temperature traces along this lowland river reach reveal discrete patterns with "cold spots" indicating groundwater up-welling. In contrast to previous studies using FO-DTS for investigation of groundwater–surface water exchange, the fibre-optic cable in this study was buried in the streambed sediments, ensuring clear signals despite fast flow and high discharges. During the observed summer baseflow period, streambed temperatures in groundwater up-welling locations were found to be up to 1.5 °C lower than ambient streambed temperatures. Due to the high river flows, the cold spots were sharp and distinctly localized without measurable impact on down-stream surface water temperature. VHG patterns along the stream reach were highly variable in space, revealing strong differences even at small scales. VHG patterns alone are indicators of both, structural heterogeneity of the stream bed as well as of the spatial heterogeneity of the groundwater–surface water exchange fluxes and are thus not conclusive in their interpretation. However, in combination with the high spatial resolution FO-DTS data we were able to separate these two influences and clearly identify locations of enhanced exchange, while also obtaining information on the complex small-scale streambed transmissivity patterns responsible for the very discrete exchange patterns. The validation of the combined VHG and FO-DTS approach provides an effective strategy for analysing drivers and controls of groundwater–surface water exchange, with implications for the quantification of biogeochemical cycling and contaminant transport at aquifer–river interfaces.

scholarly journals Vertical hydraulic gradient research in hyporheic zone of Beberibe river in Pernambuco State (Brazil)

RBRH ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 674-684
Author(s):  
Tatiane Barbosa Veras ◽  
Jaime Joaquim da Silva Pereira Cabral ◽  
Anderson Luiz Ribeiro de Paiva ◽  
Roberto Lima Barcellos ◽  
Laércio Leal dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Hyporheic Zone ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Infiltration Rate ◽  
Hydraulic Gradient ◽  
Vertical Hydraulic Gradient ◽  
Hydraulic Gradients ◽  
Infiltration Tests

ABSTRACT The interaction between groundwater and surface water occurs naturally and is dependent on the dynamics in the hyporheic zone. The hyporheic zone is the interface between the surface water source and the phreatic aquifer and it’s a system that also influences the water quality. An important feature is the ability to flux in this zone. This work aimed to evaluate the vertical hydraulic gradient in the hyporheic zone at two points in Beberibe river, Olinda-PE, to understand the hyporheic environment characteristics and water flow dynamics in experimental area, in addition to identify the existence of hydraulic connection between surface water and groundwater. The experimental phase consisted of infiltration tests in riverbed with cylinder infiltrometer and vertical hydraulic gradients readings with differential piezometer, complemented with grain size information, for an assessment of the water budget between the river and the aquifer. Analyzing the behavior of the interaction over the period of 10 months, it was observed that the Beberibe river (middle course) contributes to the groundwater recharge in most of the time. The average infiltration rate was 1.02 mm/min in point 1 and 0.85 mm/min in point 2. It was concluded that there is a variability in flow direction, which often is top-down, but may undergo change in the stream showing upstream after long periods of rainfall. Another conclusion is that grain size distribution of bed sediment, that is predominantly sandy, influences hydraulic conductivity of hyporheic zone and influences consequently the vertical flow rates.

scholarly journals Aquifer heterogeneity and response time: the challenge for groundwater management

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (12) ◽  
pp. 1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. F. J. Kelly ◽  
W. A. Timms ◽  
M. S. Andersen ◽  
A. M. McCallum ◽  
R. S. Blakers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Groundwater Management ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Irrigated Agriculture ◽  
Aquifer System ◽  
Groundwater Levels ◽  
Murray Darling Basin ◽  
Hydraulic Gradients ◽  
The Impact

Groundwater is an important contributor to irrigation water supplies. The time lag between withdrawal and the subsequent impacts on the river corridor presents a challenge for water management. We highlight aspects of this challenge by examining trends in the groundwater levels and changes in groundwater management goals for the Namoi Catchment, which is within the Murray–Darling Basin, Australia. The first high-volume irrigation bore was installed in the cotton-growing districts in the Namoi Catchment in 1966. The development of high-yielding bores made accessible a vast new water supply, enabling cotton growers to buffer the droughts. Prior to the development of a groundwater resource it is difficult to accurately predict how the water at the point of withdrawal is hydraulically connected to recharge zones and nearby surface-water features. This is due to the heterogeneity of the sediments from which the water is withdrawn. It can take years or decades for the impact of groundwater withdrawal to be transmitted kilometres through the aquifer system. We present the analysis of both historical and new groundwater level and streamflow data to quantify the impacts of extensive groundwater withdrawals on the watertable, hydraulic gradients within the semi-confined aquifers, and the movement of water between rivers and aquifers. The results highlight the need to monitor the impacts of irrigated agriculture at both the regional and local scales, and the need for additional research on how to optimise the conjunctive use of both surface-water and groundwater to sustain irrigated agriculture while minimising the impact on groundwater-dependent ecosystems.

Application of a Simple Cold Stub to the Direct Observation of Frozen Hydrated Sand

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 212-213
Author(s):  
John M. Wehrung ◽  
Richard J. Harniman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Surface Water ◽  
Direct Observation ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
Organic Debris ◽  
Rock Formations ◽  
Water Tables ◽  
Permeable Rock ◽  
Natural Means

Water tables in aquifer regions of the southwest United States are dropping off at a rate which is greater than can be replaced by natural means. It is estimated that by 1985 wells will run dry in this region unless adequate artificial recharging can be accomplished. Recharging with surface water is limited by the plugging of permeable rock formations underground by clay particles and organic debris.A controlled study was initiated in which sand grains were used as the rock formation and water with known clay concentrations as the recharge media. The plugging mechanism was investigated by direct observation in the SEM of frozen hydrated sand samples from selected depths.

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