scholarly journals Effect of Energetic Electron Precipitation on the Northern Polar Vortex: Explaining the QBO Modulation via Control of Meridional Circulation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Salminen ◽  
T. Asikainen ◽  
V. Maliniemi ◽  
K. Mursula
Keyword(s):  
Meridional Circulation ◽  
Energetic Electron ◽  
Polar Vortex ◽  
Electron Precipitation

scholarly journals Reactive nitrogen (NO<sub><i>y</i></sub>) and ozone responses to energetic electron precipitation during Southern Hemisphere winter

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (14) ◽  
pp. 9485-9494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavle Arsenovic ◽  
Alessandro Damiani ◽  
Eugene Rozanov ◽  
Bernd Funke ◽  
Andrea Stenke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Middle Atmosphere ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Energetic Electron ◽  
Polar Vortex ◽  
Solar Proton ◽  
Electron Precipitation ◽  
Reactive Nitrogen ◽  
High Electron

Abstract. Energetic particle precipitation (EPP) affects the chemistry of the polar middle atmosphere by producing reactive nitrogen (NOy) and hydrogen (HOx) species, which then catalytically destroy ozone. Recently, there have been major advances in constraining these particle impacts through a parametrization of NOy based on high-quality observations. Here we investigate the effects of low (auroral) and middle (radiation belt) energy range electrons, separately and in combination, on reactive nitrogen and hydrogen species as well as on ozone during Southern Hemisphere winters from 2002 to 2010 using the SOCOL3-MPIOM chemistry-climate model. Our results show that, in the absence of solar proton events, low-energy electrons produce the majority of NOy in the polar mesosphere and stratosphere. In the polar vortex, NOy subsides and affects ozone at lower altitudes, down to 10 hPa. Comparing a year with high electron precipitation with a quiescent period, we found large ozone depletion in the mesosphere; as the anomaly propagates downward, 15 % less ozone is found in the stratosphere during winter, which is confirmed by satellite observations. Only with both low- and middle-energy electrons does our model reproduce the observed stratospheric ozone anomaly.

Influence of sudden stratospheric warmings on the polar vortex enhancement related to energetic electron precipitation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timo Asikainen ◽  
Antti Salminen ◽  
Ville Maliniemi ◽  
Kalevi Mursula
Keyword(s):  
Planetary Wave ◽  
Energetic Electron ◽  
Polar Vortex ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Electron Precipitation ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Mean Flow ◽  
Ozone Loss ◽  
Near Earth Space

&lt;p&gt;The northern polar vortex experiences considerable inter-annual variability, which is also reflected to tropospheric weather. Recent research has established a link between polar vortex variations and energetic electron precipitation (EEP) from the near-Earth space into the polar atmosphere, which is mediated by EEP-induced chemical changes causing ozone loss in the mesosphere and stratosphere. However, the most dramatic changes in the polar vortex are due to sudden stratospheric warmings (SSW), a momentary breakdown of the polar vortex associated to enhanced planetary wave convergence and meridional circulation. Here we consider the influence of SSWs on the atmospheric response to EEP in 1957-2017 using combined ERA-40 and ERA-Interim re-analysis data and geomagnetic activity as a proxy of EEP. We find that the EEP-related enhancement of the polar vortex and other associated dynamical responses are seen only during winters when a SSW occurs, and that the EEP-related changes take place slightly before the SSW onset. We show that the atmospheric conditions preceding SSWs favor enhanced wave-mean-flow interaction, which can dynamically amplify the initial polar vortex enhancement caused by ozone loss. These results highlight the importance of considering SSWs and sufficient level of planetary wave activity as a necessary condition for observing the effects of EEP on the polar vortex dynamics.&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Reactive nitrogen (NO<sub><i>y</i></sub>) and ozone responses to energetic electron precipitation during Southern Hemisphere winter

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavle Arsenovic ◽  
Alessandro Damiani ◽  
Eugene Rozanov ◽  
Bernd Funke ◽  
Andrea Stenke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern Hemisphere ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Middle Atmosphere ◽  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Energetic Electron ◽  
Polar Vortex ◽  
Solar Proton ◽  
Electron Precipitation ◽  
Reactive Nitrogen ◽  
High Electron

Abstract. Energetic particle precipitation (EPP) affects the chemistry of the polar middle atmosphere by producing reactive nitrogen (NOy) and hydrogen (HOx) species, which then catalytically destroy ozone. Recently, there have been major advances in constraining these particle impacts through a parametrization based on high quality observations. Here we investigate the effects of low (auroral) and middle (radiation belt) energy range electrons, separately and in combination, on reactive nitrogen and hydrogen species as well as on ozone during Southern Hemisphere winters from 2002 to 2010 using the chemistry-climate model SOCOL3-MPIOM. Our results show that, in absence of solar proton events, low energy electrons produce the majority of NOy in the polar mesosphere and stratosphere. In the polar vortex, NOy subsides and affects ozone at lower altitudes, down to 10 hPa. Comparing a year with high electron precipitation with a quiescent period, we found large ozone depletion in the mesosphere; as the anomaly propagates downward, 15 % less ozone is found in the stratosphere during winter, which is confirmed by satellite observations. Only with both low and middle energy electrons, our model reproduces the observed stratospheric ozone anomaly.

scholarly journals Strong localized variations of the low-altitude energetic electron fluxes in the evening sector near the plasmapause

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. E. Titova ◽  
T. A. Yahnina ◽  
A. G. Yahnin ◽  
B. B. Gvozdevsky ◽  
A. A. Lyubchich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sharp Increase ◽  
Electron Flux ◽  
Particle Interaction ◽  
Energetic Electron ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Electron Precipitation ◽  
Statistical Characteristics ◽  
Evening Sector ◽  
Proton Precipitation ◽  
Low Altitude

Abstract. Specific type of energetic electron precipitation accompanied by a sharp increase in trapped energetic electron flux are found in the data obtained from low-altitude NOAA satellites. These strongly localized variations of the trapped and precipitated energetic electron flux have been observed in the evening sector near the plasmapause during recovery phase of magnetic storms. Statistical characteristics of these structures as well as the results of comparison with proton precipitation are described. We demonstrate the spatial coincidence of localized electron precipitation with cold plasma gradient and whistler wave intensification measured on board the DE-1 and Aureol-3 satellites. A simultaneous localized sharp increase in both trapped and precipitating electron flux could be a result of significant pitch-angle isotropization of drifting electrons due to their interaction via cyclotron instability with the region of sharp increase in background plasma density.Key words. Ionosphere (particle precipitation; wave-particle interaction) Magnetospheric Physics (plasmasphere)

scholarly journals ULF modulation of energetic electron precipitation observed by VLF/LF radio propagation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (372) ◽  
pp. 29-40
Author(s):  
Takuya Miyashita ◽  
Hiroyo Ohya ◽  
Fuminori Tsuchiya ◽  
Asuka Hirai ◽  
Mitsunori Ozaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energetic Electron ◽  
Electron Precipitation ◽  
Radio Propagation

scholarly journals The effect of energetic electron precipitation on middle mesospheric night-time ozone during and after a moderate geomagnetic storm

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (21) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Daae ◽  
P. Espy ◽  
H. Nesse Tyssøy ◽  
D. Newnham ◽  
J. Stadsnes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geomagnetic Storm ◽  
Energetic Electron ◽  
Electron Precipitation ◽  
Night Time

scholarly journals Comparing the effects of solar-related and terrestrial drivers on the northern polar vortex

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Antti Salminen ◽  
Timo Asikainen ◽  
Ville Maliniemi ◽  
Kalevi Mursula
Keyword(s):  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Southern Oscillation ◽  
Energetic Electron ◽  
Polar Vortex ◽  
Multilinear Regression ◽  
Quasi Biennial Oscillation ◽  
Linear Effect ◽  
Multilinear Regression Analysis ◽  
Volcanic Aerosols ◽  
Almost All

Northern polar vortex experiences significant variability during Arctic winter. Solar activity contributes to this variability via solar irradiance and energetic particle precipitation. Recent studies have found that energetic electron precipitation (EEP) affects the polar vortex by forming ozone depleting NOx compounds. However, it is still unknown how the EEP effect compares to variabilities caused by, e.g., solar irradiance or terrestrial drivers. In this study we examine the effects of EEP, solar irradiance, El-Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), volcanic aerosols and quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO) on the northern wintertime atmosphere. We use geomagnetic Ap-index to quantify EEP activity, sunspot numbers to quantify solar irradiance, Niño 3.4 index for ENSO and aerosol optical depth for the amount of volcanic aerosols. We use a new composite dataset including ERA-40 and ERA-Interim reanalysis of zonal wind and temperature and multilinear regression analysis to estimate atmospheric responses to the above mentioned explaining variables in winter months of 1957–2017. We confirm the earlier results showing that EEP and QBO strengthen the polar vortex. We find here that the EEP effect on polar vortex is stronger and more significant than the effects of the other drivers in almost all winter months in most conditions. During 1957–2017 the considered drivers together explain about 25–35% of polar vortex variability while the EEP effect alone explains about 10–20% of it. Thus, a major part of variability is not due to the linear effect by the studied explaining variables. The positive EEP effect is particularly strong if QBO-wind at 30 hPa has been easterly during the preceding summer, while for a westerly QBO the EEP effect is weaker and less significant.

scholarly journals New conjunctive CubeSat and balloon measurements to quantify rapid energetic electron precipitation

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (22) ◽  
pp. 5833-5837 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. W. Blum ◽  
Q. Schiller ◽  
X. Li ◽  
R. Millan ◽  
A. Halford ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energetic Electron ◽  
Electron Precipitation ◽  
Balloon Measurements
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