scholarly journals Direct Measurements of Dry and Wet Deposition of Black Carbon Over a Grassland

2018 ◽  
Vol 123 (21) ◽  
pp. 12,277-12,290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ethan W. Emerson ◽  
Joseph M. Katich ◽  
Joshua P. Schwarz ◽  
Gavin R. McMeeking ◽  
Delphine K. Farmer
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
Wet Deposition ◽  
Dry And Wet Deposition ◽  
Direct Measurements

scholarly journals Comparison of dry and wet deposition of particulate matter in near-surface waters during summer

PLoS ONE ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. e0199241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanan Wu ◽  
Jiakai Liu ◽  
Jiexiu Zhai ◽  
Ling Cong ◽  
Yu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Surface Waters ◽  
Wet Deposition ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Dry And Wet Deposition

Comparing Seasonal Diffences of Black Carbon in Tibetan Plateau transported from South Asia using WRF-Chem

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuoqiu Wu ◽  
Xiaoyan Ma
Keyword(s):  
South Asia ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Carbon Concentration ◽  
Wet Deposition ◽  
Emission Inventory ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Black Carbon Concentration ◽  
Different Seasons ◽  
Qinghai Tibet Plateau ◽  
The Vertical Distribution

<p>The melting of glaciers and snow on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, known as the Earth’s “Third Pole” and “World Water Tower”, is source of fresh water for hundreds of millions of people in South Asia, Southeast Asia, and East Asia, but it is now suffering from an unprecedented crisis. The black carbon deposited on the surface of the glacier will reduce the snow albedo and absorb more solar radiation, leading to accelerated melting of ice and snow.Previous studies have shown that black carbon from South Asia is one of the main sources of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, and the transportation of black carbon to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau presents obviously seasonal differences.However, the transport of black carbon from South Asia to the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in different seasons shows a completely opposite trend to wind field conditions.This study uses the WRF-Chem model to study the transmission mechanism of South Asian black carbon to the Tibetan Plateau in April (pre-monsoon), July (summer monsoon) and December (winter monsoon).MIX emission inventory and Peking University's global black carbon emission inventory (PKU-BC) were involved to analyze the seasonal distribution of black carbon concentration, dry and wet deposition in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and South Asia, and the distribution of BC concentration and wind field at different altitudes.Combined with the vertical distribution of BC concentration across the Himalayas, the transport mechanism of black carbon in South Asia to Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in different seasons is studied.In the selected three months, December had the highest surface black carbon concentration in South Asia and the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, while July had the lowest black carbon concentration; Mainly because of the large amount of wet deposition of black carbon brought about by the heavy precipitation in South Asia in July;According to the vertical distribution of black carbon,black carbon can climb up the hillside and eventually reach the southern slope of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau in April. In July, black carbon is mainly distributed below 3km. In December, black carbon can be uplifted to 4-5km, and finally transported into Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.</p>

Seasonal variations in black and organic carbon wet and dry deposition rates at SMEAR III station (60oN), Finland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Outi Meinander ◽  
Enna Heikkinen ◽  
Jonas Svensson ◽  
Minna Aurela ◽  
Aki Virkkula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Black Carbon ◽  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Wet Deposition ◽  
Total Carbon ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
Atmospheric Measurements ◽  
Deposition Rates ◽  
Wet And Dry Deposition ◽  
Custom Made

<p>Black carbon (BC) and organic carbon (OC, including brown carbon BrC) aerosols in the atmosphere, and their wet and dry deposition, are important for their climatic and cryospheric effects. Seemingly small amounts of BC in snow, of the order of 10–100 parts per billion by mass (ppb), have been shown to decrease its albedo by 1–5 %. Due to the albedo-feedback mechanism, surface darkening accelerates snow and ice melt. In snow, the temporal variability of light absorbing aerosols, such as BC, depends both on atmospheric and cryospheric processes, mostly on sources and atmospheric transport, and dry and wet deposition processes, as well as post-depositional snow processes.</p><p>We started a new research activity on BC and OC wet and dry deposition at Helsinki Kumpula SMEAR III station (60°12 N, 24°57 E, Station for Measuring Ecosystem-Atmosphere Relations, https://www.atm.helsinki.fi/SMEAR/index.php/smear-iii). The work included winter, spring, summer and autumn deposition samples during January 2019 - June 2020 (sampling is currently on hold). In winter, wet deposition consisted of snowfall and rainwater samples. Dry deposition samples were separately collected in 2020. For sample collection, a custom-made device, including a heating-system, was applied. The samples were analyzed using the OCEC analyzer of the Finnish Meteorological Institute’s aerosol laboratory, Helsinki, Finland. The special features in our deposition data are: </p><ul><li>seasonal BC, OC, and TC (total carbon, the sum of BC and OC) deposition data for an urban background station at 60 <sup>o</sup>N</li> <li>precipitation received as either water or snow  </li> <li>dry deposition samples included (only in 2020)</li> <li>data as wet and dry deposition rates [concentration/time/area]</li> <li>simultaneous atmospheric measurements of the SMEAR III station</li> </ul><p>Since our deposition samples are collected manually, the data are non-continuous, yet they allow us to provide deposition rates. Such data can be utilized in various modeling approaches including, for example, climate and long-range transport and deposition modeling. According to our knowledge, these data are the first BC (determined as elemental carbon, EC), OC and TC wet and dry deposition data to represent Finland. Our sampling location, north of 60 deg. N, can be useful for other high-latitude studies and Arctic assessments, too.</p><p><em>Acknowledgements. We gratefully acknowledge support from the Academy of Finland NABCEA-project of Novel Assessment of Black Carbon in the Eurasian Arctic (no. 296302) and the Academy of Finland Flagship funding (grant no. 337552).</em></p>

scholarly journals Plant assemblages in atmospheric deposition

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Dong ◽  
Cheolwoon Woo ◽  
Naomichi Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Deposition ◽  
Dry Deposition ◽  
Wet Deposition ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Sampling Site ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Dry And Wet Deposition ◽  
Custom Made ◽  
Plant Assemblages ◽  
Cloud Scavenging

Abstract. Plants disperse spores, pollen, and fragments into the atmosphere. The emitted plant particles return to the pedosphere by sedimentation (dry deposition) and/or by precipitation (wet deposition) and constitute part of the global cycle of substances. However, little is known regarding the taxonomic diversities and flux densities of plant particles deposited from the atmosphere. Here, plant assemblages were examined in atmospheric deposits collected in Seoul in South Korea. A custom-made automatic sampler was used to collect dry and wet deposition samples for which plant assemblages and quantities were determined using high-throughput sequencing and quantitative PCR with universal plant-specific primers targeting the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region. Dry deposition was dominant for atmospheric deposition of plant particles (87 %). The remaining 13 % was deposited by precipitation, i.e., wet deposition, via rainout (in-cloud scavenging) and/or washout (below-cloud scavenging). Plant assemblage structures did not differ significantly between dry and wet deposition, indicating that washout, which is likely taxon-independent, predominated rainout, which is likely taxon-dependent, for wet deposition of atmospheric plant particles. A small number of plant genera were detected only in wet deposition, indicating that they might be specifically involved in precipitation through acting as nucleation sites in the atmosphere. Future interannual monitoring will control for the seasonality of atmospheric plant assemblages observed at our sampling site. Future global monitoring is also proposed to investigate geographical differences and investigate whether endemic species are involved in plant-mediated bioprecipitation in regional ecological systems.

scholarly journals Mapping recession risk for cultural heritage stone in Mexico City due to dry and wet deposition of urban air pollutants

Atmósfera ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Omar Castillo-Miranda ◽  
◽  
Ricardo Torres-Jadón ◽  
José Agustín García-Reynoso ◽  
Bertha E. Mar-Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Mexico City ◽  
Air Pollutants ◽  
Wet Deposition ◽  
Urban Air ◽  
Dry And Wet Deposition
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