scholarly journals Contribution of Hydroxymethane Sulfonate to Ambient Particulate Matter: A Potential Explanation for High Particulate Sulfur During Severe Winter Haze in Beijing

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (21) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Moch ◽  
Eleni Dovrou ◽  
Loretta J. Mickley ◽  
Frank N. Keutsch ◽  
Yuan Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Ambient Particulate Matter ◽  
Severe Winter ◽  
Potential Explanation ◽  
Particulate Sulfur

AMBIENT PARTICULATE MATTER (PM10 AND PM2.5) AIR POLLUTION IN DESNIANSKY DISTRICT IN KYIV

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (67) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
O. Turos ◽  
◽  
T. Maremukha ◽  
I. Kobzarenko ◽  
A. Petrosian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Ambient Particulate Matter ◽  
Pm10 And Pm2.5

scholarly journals Effects of ambient particulate matter on a reconstructed human corneal epithelium model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryota Ko ◽  
Masahiko Hayashi ◽  
Miho Tanaka ◽  
Tomoaki Okuda ◽  
Chiharu Nishita-Hara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Cell Viability ◽  
Corneal Epithelium ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Ambient Particulate Matter ◽  
Tissue Sections ◽  
Human Corneal Epithelium ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Dose Dependent

AbstractWe evaluated the effects of ambient particulate matter (PM) on the corneal epithelium using a reconstructed human corneal epithelium (HCE) model. We collected two PM size fractions [aerodynamic diameter smaller than 2.4 µm: PM0.3–2.4 and larger than 2.4 µm: PM>2.4] and exposed these tissues to PM concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 µg/mL for 24 h. After exposure, cell viability and interleukin (IL) IL-6 and IL-8 levels were determined, and haematoxylin and eosin and immunofluorescence staining of the zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) were performed on tissue sections. In addition, the effects of a certified reference material of urban aerosols (UA; 100 µg/mL) were also examined as a reference. The viability of cells exposed to 100 μg/mL UA and PM>2.4 decreased to 76.2% ± 7.4 and 75.4% ± 16.1, respectively, whereas PM0.3–2.4 exposure had a limited effect on cell viability. These particles did not increase IL-6 and IL-8 levels significantly even though cell viability was decreased in 100 μg/mL UA and PM>2.4. ZO-1 expression was reduced in a dose-dependent manner in all groups. Reconstructed HCE could be used as an in vitro model to study the effects of environmental PM exposure on ocular surface cell viability and inflammation.

scholarly journals Ambient Particulate Matter Induces Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Phenotypic Changes via NOX1/ROS/NF-κB Dependent and Independent Pathways: Protective Effects of Polyphenols

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 782
Author(s):  
Chia-Chi Ho ◽  
Yu-Cheng Chen ◽  
Ming-Hsien Tsai ◽  
Hui-Ti Tsai ◽  
Chen-Yi Weng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Vascular Smooth Muscle ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Proinflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate ◽  
Cytokine Secretion ◽  
Ambient Particulate Matter ◽  
Migration Ability ◽  
Cytokines Secretion

Epidemiological studies have demonstrated an association between ambient particulate matter (PM) exposure and vascular diseases. Here, we observed that treatment with ambient PM increased cell migration ability in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and pulmonary arterial SMCs (PASMCs). These results suggest that VSMCs and PASMCs transitioned from a differentiated to a synthetic phenotype after PM exposure. Furthermore, treatment with PM increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), activated the NF-κB signaling pathway, and increased the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in VSMCs. Using specific inhibitors, we demonstrated that PM increased the migration ability of VSMCs via the nicotinamide–adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 1 (NOX1)/ROS-dependent NF-κB signaling pathway, which also partially involved in the induction of proinflammatory cytokines. Finally, we investigated whether nature polyphenolic compounds prevent PM-induced migration and proinflammatory cytokines secretion in VSMCs. Curcumin, resveratrol, and gallic acid prevented PM2.5-induced migration via the ROS-dependent NF-κB signaling pathway. However, honokiol did not prevent PM2.5-induced migration or activation of the ROS-dependent NF-κB signaling pathway. On the other hand, all polyphenols prevented PM2.5-induced cytokines secretion. These data indicated that polyphenols prevented PM-induced migration and cytokine secretion via blocking the ROS-dependent NF-κB signaling pathway in VSMCs. However, other mechanisms may also contribute to PM-induced cytokine secretion.

scholarly journals Special Issue Sources and Composition of Ambient Particulate Matter

Atmosphere ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 462
Author(s):  
Manousos-Ioannis Manousakas
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Ambient Particulate Matter ◽  
Special Issue

Research related to ambient particulate matter (PM) remains very relative today due to the adverse effects PM have on human health. [...]

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