scholarly journals Dependence of Present and Future European Temperature Extremes on the Location of Atmospheric Blocking

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Brunner ◽  
Nathalie Schaller ◽  
James Anstey ◽  
Jana Sillmann ◽  
Andrea K. Steiner
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Extremes ◽  
Atmospheric Blocking ◽  
European Temperature Extremes

scholarly journals Recurrence Spectra of European Temperature in Historical Climate Simulations

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 166 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Alvarez-Castro ◽  
Davide Faranda ◽  
Thomas Noël ◽  
Pascal Yiou
Keyword(s):  
Coupled Model ◽  
Temperature Extremes ◽  
Model Intercomparison ◽  
Model Ensemble ◽  
Climate Simulations ◽  
Ensemble Mean ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Intercomparison Project ◽  
European Temperature Extremes ◽  
Cold Extremes

We analyse and quantify the recurrences of European temperature extremes using 32 historical simulations (1900–1999) of the fifth Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) and 8 historical simulations (1971–2005) from the EUROCORDEX experiment. We compare the former simulations to the 20th Century Reanalysis (20CRv2c) dataset to compute recurrence spectra of temperature in Europe. We find that, (1) the spectra obtained by the model ensemble mean are generally consistent with those of 20CR; (2) spectra biases have a strong regional dependence; (3) the resolution does not change the order of magnitude of spectral biases between models and reanalysis, (4) the spread in recurrence biases is larger for cold extremes. Our analysis of biases provides a new way of selecting a subset of the CMIP5 ensemble to obtain an optimal estimate of temperature recurrences for a range of time-scales.

North-Atlantic dynamics and European temperature extremes in the IPSL model: sensitivity to atmospheric resolution

2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 2293-2310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julien Cattiaux ◽  
Benjamin Quesada ◽  
Ara Arakélian ◽  
Francis Codron ◽  
Robert Vautard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic ◽  
Temperature Extremes ◽  
Model Sensitivity ◽  
European Temperature Extremes

scholarly journals Connecting Atmospheric Blocking to European Temperature Extremes in Spring

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 585-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lukas Brunner ◽  
Gabriele C. Hegerl ◽  
Andrea K. Steiner
Keyword(s):  
Transition Period ◽  
Temperature Extremes ◽  
Extreme Temperatures ◽  
Southeastern Europe ◽  
Atmospheric Blocking ◽  
Term Change ◽  
Height Fields ◽  
Northeastern Atlantic ◽  
Cold Extremes

Atmospheric blocking is an important contributor to European temperature variability. It can trigger cold and warm spells, which is of specific relevance in spring because vegetation is particularly vulnerable to extreme temperatures in the growing season. The spring season is investigated as a transition period from predominant connections of blocking with cold spells in winter to predominant connections of blocking with warm spells in summer. Extreme temperatures are termed cold or warm spells if temperature stays outside the 10th to 90th percentile range for at least six consecutive days. Cold and warm spells in Europe over 1979–2014 are analyzed in observations from the European daily high-resolution gridded dataset (E-OBS) and the connection to blocking is examined in geopotential height fields from ERA-Interim. A highly significant link between blocking and cold and warm spells is found that changes during spring. Blocking over the northeastern Atlantic and Scandinavia is correlated with the occurrence of cold spells in Europe, particularly early in spring, whereas blocking over central Europe is associated with warmer conditions, particularly from March onward. The location of the block also impacts the spatial distribution of temperature extremes. More than 80% of cold spells in southeastern Europe occur during blocking whereas warm spells are correlated with blocking mainly in northern Europe. Over the analysis period, substantial interannual variability is found but also a decrease in cold spells and an increase in warm spells. The long-term change to a warmer climate holds the potential for even higher vulnerability to spring cold extremes.

Links of Atmospheric Blocking to Temperature Extremes over Ukraine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lidiia Popova ◽  
Inna Khomenko
Keyword(s):  
Geopotential Height ◽  
Rossby Waves ◽  
Potential Temperature ◽  
Extreme Temperature ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Temperature Fields ◽  
Temperature Extremes ◽  
Atmospheric Blocking ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Spatio Temporal

<p>Atmospheric blocking is a phenomenon in which a large, quasi-stationary anticyclone develops in the mid-latitudes and persists for several days or longer, blocking the ambient westerly winds and weather systems. Extremes on both ends of the temperature distribution are especially closely connected to atmospheric blocking (Brunner et al. 2017).</p><p>In this study the link between atmospheric blocking and Ukrainian cold and warm spells is investigated during winter and summertime in the period of 1991-2019 in order to provide better insight into the shifting role of blocking for extremes. Extreme temperatures are termed cold or warm spells if temperature stays outside the 10th to 90th percentile range at least six consecutive days. The detection of temperature extremes is based on daily minimum and maximum temperatures obtained for 12 meteorological stations that evenly cover territory of Ukraine. In the database obtained only the high-impact extreme temperature episodes are selected to be investigated in the further study.</p><p>The atmospheric blocking is detected on the basis of the daily 500 hPa geopotential height fields from the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis and potential temperature fields on the dynamical tropopause (PV = 2 PVU) obtained from ERA-Interim. In order to objectively diagnose atmospheric blocking two standard detection techniques are used. The first method utilizing the reversal of mid-latitude 500hPa geopotential height gradients was elaborated by Tibaldi and Molteni (1990) and detailed in Trigo et al. (2004), and the other one using reversal of potential temperature gradients was developed in Pelly and Hoskins (2003). These blocking detection algorithms identify fairly well the breaking of upper-level Rossby waves on 500 hPa height and on the dynamic tropopause, associated with onset of mid-latitude atmospheric blocking.</p><p>Up to 80% of winter cold and summer hot temperatures in Ukraine are associated with a collocated blocking. Large positive anomalies of 500 hPa geopotential height play a key role in maintaining prolonged extreme temperature spells and atmospheric blocking, though spell and blocking periods are much shorter than periods of positive anomalies. Spatio-temporal distribution of both indices are uneven, which meant that the wave-breaking process is not steady either at the 500 hPa surface or on the dynamical tropopause. Thus, during each episode the prolonged existence of ridges are maintained due not only to breaking of Rossby waves, but other mechanisms It should be mentioned that atmospheric blocking is more frequently revealed with the Tibaldi-Molteni indices than the Pelly-Hoskins ones, meaning that breaking of Rossby waves occurs more frequently at the 500 hPa geopotential height than on the tropopause.</p>

Five centuries of Central European temperature extremes reconstructed from tree-ring density and documentary evidence

2010 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 182-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Battipaglia ◽  
David Frank ◽  
Ulf Büntgen ◽  
Petr Dobrovolný ◽  
Rudolf Brázdil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tree Ring ◽  
Temperature Extremes ◽  
Documentary Evidence ◽  
Central European ◽  
Ring Density ◽  
European Temperature Extremes

scholarly journals The impact of atmospheric blocking on the compounding effect of ozone pollution and temperature: A copula-based approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noelia Otero ◽  
Oscar Jurado ◽  
Tim Butler ◽  
Henning W. Rust
Keyword(s):  
Central Europe ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Joint Probability ◽  
Joint Probability Distribution ◽  
Temperature Extremes ◽  
Ozone Pollution ◽  
Atmospheric Blocking ◽  
North West ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. Ozone pollution and high temperatures have adverse health impacts that can be amplified by the combined effects of ozone and temperature. Moreover, changes in weather patterns are expected to alter ozone pollution episodes and temperature extremes. In particular, atmospheric blocking is a high-impact large-scale phenomenon at mid-high latitudes that has been associated with temperature extremes. This study examines the impact of atmospheric blocking on the ozone and temperature dependence among measurement stations over Europe. We use a copula-based method to model the dependence between both variables under blocking and non blocking conditions. This approach allows to examine the impact of blocks on the joint probability distribution. Our results showed that blocks lead to an increasing strength in the upper tail dependence of ozone and temperature extremes (>95th) in north-west and central Europe (e.g UK, Benelux, north-west of France and Germany). The analysis of the probability hazard scenarios revealed that blocks generally enhance the probability of compound ozone and temperature events by 20 % in a large number of stations over central Europe. The probability of ozone or temperature exceedances increases 30 % (on average) under the presence of atmospheric blocking. Furthermore, we found that in a number of stations over north-western Europe atmospheric blocking increases the probability of ozone exceedances by 30 % given high temperatures. Our results point out the strong influence of atmospheric blocking on the compounding effect of ozone and temperature events, suggesting that blocks might be considered as a relevant predicting factor when assessing the risks of ozone-heat related health effects.

Performance of Portable Ventilators at Temperature Extremes

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Blakeman ◽  
Jr Rodriquez ◽  
Britton Dario ◽  
Johannigman Tyler J. ◽  
Petro Jay A. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Extremes
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