scholarly journals Fluid and Melt Pathways in the Central Chilean Subduction Zone Near the 2010 Maule Earthquake (35–36°S) as Inferred From Magnetotelluric Data

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1818-1835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darcy Cordell ◽  
Martyn J. Unsworth ◽  
Daniel Diaz ◽  
Valentina Reyes‐Wagner ◽  
Claire A. Currie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subduction Zone ◽  
Magnetotelluric Data ◽  
Maule Earthquake ◽  
2010 Maule Earthquake

scholarly journals Using Earthquake Forensics to Study Subduction from Space

Eos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Schneider ◽  
Jonathan Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Subduction Zone ◽  
Geophysical Data ◽  
Inversion Method ◽  
Surface Motion ◽  
Data Inversion ◽  
Geodetic Measurements ◽  
Maule Earthquake ◽  
2010 Maule Earthquake

Researchers combined satellite geodetic measurements of surface motion with a new geophysical data inversion method to probe the Chilean subduction zone in the wake of the 2010 Maule earthquake.

2010 Maule earthquake slip correlates with pre-seismic locking of Andean subduction zone

Nature ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 467 (7312) ◽  
pp. 198-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos Moreno ◽  
Matthias Rosenau ◽  
Onno Oncken
Keyword(s):  
Subduction Zone ◽  
Maule Earthquake ◽  
Andean Subduction ◽  
2010 Maule Earthquake

Evolution of seismic design codes of highway bridges in Chile

2021 ◽  
pp. 875529302098801
Author(s):  
José Wilches ◽  
Hernán Santa Maria ◽  
Roberto Leon ◽  
Rafael Riddell ◽  
Matías Hube ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Design ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Highway Bridges ◽  
Design Codes ◽  
Seismic Codes ◽  
Analysis And Design ◽  
Residual Displacements ◽  
Shear Keys ◽  
Maule Earthquake ◽  
2010 Maule Earthquake

Chile, as a country with a long history of strong seismicity, has a record of both a constant upgrading of its seismic design codes and structural systems, particularly for bridges, as a result of major earthquakes. Recent earthquakes in Chile have produced extensive damage to highway bridges, such as deck collapses, large transverse residual displacements, yielding and failure of shear keys, and unseating of the main girders, demonstrating that bridges are highly vulnerable structures. Much of this damage can be attributed to construction problems and poor detailing guidelines in design codes. After the 2010 Maule earthquake, new structural design criteria were incorporated for the seismic design of bridges in Chile. The most significant change was that a site coefficient was included for the estimation of the seismic design forces in the shear keys, seismic bars, and diaphragms. This article first traces the historical development of earthquakes and construction systems in Chile to provide a context for the evolution of Chilean seismic codes. It then describes the seismic performance of highway bridges during the 2010 Maule earthquake, including the description of the main failure modes observed in bridges. Finally, this article provides a comparison of the Chilean bridge seismic code against the Japanese and United States codes, considering that these codes have a great influence on the seismic codes for Chilean bridges. The article demonstrates that bridge design and construction practices in Chile have evolved substantially in their requirements for the analysis and design of structural elements, such as in the definition of the seismic hazard to be considered, tending toward more conservative approaches in an effort to improve structural performance and reliability for Chilean bridges.

Deep electrical structure of northern Alberta (Canada): implications for diamond exploration

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erşan Türkoğlu ◽  
Martyn Unsworth ◽  
Dinu Pana
Keyword(s):  
Subduction Zone ◽  
Upper Mantle ◽  
Lithospheric Mantle ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Diamond Formation ◽  
Magnetotelluric Data ◽  
Diamond Exploration ◽  
Upper Mantle Structure ◽  
Resistivity Model ◽  
Northern Alberta

Geophysical studies of upper mantle structure can provide constraints on diamond formation. Teleseismic and magnetotelluric data can be used in diamond exploration by mapping the depth of the lithosphere–asthenosphere boundary. Studies in the central Slave Craton and at Fort-à-la-Corne have detected conductors in the lithospheric mantle close to, or beneath, diamondiferous kimberlites. Graphite can potentially explain the enhanced conductivity and may imply the presence of diamonds at greater depth. Petrologic arguments suggest that the shallow lithospheric mantle may be too oxidized to contain graphite. Other diamond-bearing regions show no upper mantle conductor suggesting that the correlation with diamondiferous kimberlites is not universal. The Buffalo Head Hills in Alberta host diamondiferous kimberlites in a Proterozoic terrane and may have formed in a subduction zone setting. Long period magnetotelluric data were used to investigate the upper mantle resistivity structure of this region. Magnetotelluric (MT) data were recorded at 23 locations on a north–south profile extending from Fort Vermilion to Utikuma Lake and an east–west profile at 57.2°N. The data were combined with Lithoprobe MT data and inverted to produce a three-dimensional (3-D) resistivity model with the asthenosphere at 180–220 km depth. This model did not contain an upper mantle conductor beneath the Buffalo Head Hills kimberlites. The 3-D inversion exhibited an eastward dipping conductor in the crust beneath the Kiskatinaw terrane that could represent the fossil subduction zone that supplied the carbon for diamond formation. The low resistivity at crustal depths in this structure is likely due to graphite derived from subducted organic material.

scholarly journals Illuminating subduction zone rheological properties in the wake of a giant earthquake

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. eaax6720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan R. Weiss ◽  
Qiang Qiu ◽  
Sylvain Barbot ◽  
Tim J. Wright ◽  
James H. Foster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subduction Zone ◽  
Subduction Zones ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Surface Strain ◽  
Postseismic Deformation ◽  
Crust And Upper Mantle ◽  
Plate Convergence ◽  
Maule Earthquake ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dependent Viscosity

Deformation associated with plate convergence at subduction zones is accommodated by a complex system involving fault slip and viscoelastic flow. These processes have proven difficult to disentangle. The 2010 Mw 8.8 Maule earthquake occurred close to the Chilean coast within a dense network of continuously recording Global Positioning System stations, which provide a comprehensive history of surface strain. We use these data to assemble a detailed picture of a structurally controlled megathrust fault frictional patchwork and the three-dimensional rheological and time-dependent viscosity structure of the lower crust and upper mantle, all of which control the relative importance of afterslip and viscoelastic relaxation during postseismic deformation. These results enhance our understanding of subduction dynamics including the interplay of localized and distributed deformation during the subduction zone earthquake cycle.

Assessing disaster capitalism in post-disaster processes in Chile: neoliberal reforms and the role of the corporate class

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 831-847
Author(s):  
Vicente Sandoval ◽  
Claudia Gonzalez-Muzzio ◽  
Carlos Villalobos ◽  
Juan Pablo Sarmiento ◽  
Gabriela Hoberman
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Private Funding ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Neoliberal Reforms ◽  
Maule Earthquake ◽  
Disaster Capitalism ◽  
2010 Maule Earthquake ◽  
Cross Case Analysis ◽  
Post Disaster

PurposeThis paper examines disaster capitalism in Chile, that is, the relationships between disasters and neoliberalism. It looks at two post-disaster dimensions: disasters as windows of opportunity to introduce political reforms and disasters as occasions for the corporate class to capitalize on such disasters.Design/methodology/approachTwo indices, disaster capitalism (DC) and post-disaster private involvement (PDPI), are proposed for cross-case analysis. They are based on legal records, institutional reports and economic data. The DC assesses the introduction of reforms following disasters, while PDPI evaluates the share of public-private funding used for recovery. Both indices are applied here to two disasters in Chile: the 2010 Maule earthquake, and the 2008 Chaitén volcanic eruption.FindingsResults show that the highly neoliberal Chilean context leaves limited space for new neoliberal reforms. Although recovery is implemented predominantly through the private sector, the state still assumes greater responsibility for recovery costs. Results also detect poor levels of participation from the private sector in accounting their efforts and making them publicly available. Likewise, the research suggests that neoliberal reforms become more likely after disasters. However, the preexisting politico-economic context matters. Finally, there is clearly a need for data systematization in post-disaster recovery.Originality/valueIn the Chilean context, the indices proved beneficial as a strategy for data collection and a method for scrutinizing the implications of neoliberal policy implemented in the wake of disasters, as well as in evaluating the role of the corporate class during recovery.

Seismic Performance of Engineered Masonry Buildings in the 2010 Maule Earthquake

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (1_suppl1) ◽  
pp. 385-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximiliano Astroza ◽  
Ofelia Moroni ◽  
Svetlana Brzev ◽  
Jennifer Tanner
Keyword(s):  
Seismic Performance ◽  
Housing Construction ◽  
Masonry Buildings ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Similar Statement ◽  
Confined Masonry ◽  
Maule Earthquake ◽  
Extent Of Damage ◽  
2010 Maule Earthquake ◽  
Extensive Damage

Engineered masonry, namely reinforced and confined masonry, has been widely used for housing construction in Chile over the last few decades. Most one- and two-story single-family masonry dwellings did not experience any damage due to the 27 February 2010 Maule earthquake, with the exception of a few dwellings of pre-1970 vintage, which suffered moderate damage. A similar statement can be made for three- and four-story confined masonry buildings: a large majority of buildings remained undamaged. However, several reinforced and partially confined three- and four-story masonry buildings suffered extensive damage, and two three-story partially confined buildings collapsed. The key damage patterns and the causes of damage are discussed in the paper. The extent of damage observed in the field was correlated with calculated vulnerability indices, and relevant recommendations were made related to the design and construction practices.

Performance of Port Facilities in Southern Chile during the 27 February 2010 Maule Earthquake

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (1_suppl1) ◽  
pp. 553-579 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santiago Brunet ◽  
Juan Carlos de la Llera ◽  
Andrés Jacobsen ◽  
Eduardo Miranda ◽  
Cristián Meza
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Spreading ◽  
Soil Liquefaction ◽  
Southern Chile ◽  
Port Facilities ◽  
Chile Earthquake ◽  
Design Values ◽  
Maule Earthquake ◽  
Structural Failures ◽  
2010 Maule Earthquake ◽  
Nonlinear Deformations

This article describes the seismic performance of a group of ports in southern Chile during the 27 February 2010 Maule, Chile, earthquake. Direct costs in damage for these ports have been estimated in slightly less than US$300 million. Similarly to the performance of other ports in previous earthquakes, the most common failures observed were soil related, and include soil liquefaction, lateral spreading, and pile failures. Structural failures were mostly due to short pile effects and natural torsion. This situation is contrasted herein with the performance of the South Coronel Pier, which was seismically isolated in 2007. The isolated portion of this port remained operational after the earthquake, which was the main design goal. Post-earthquake preliminary analyses indicate that the structure was subjected to deformations and forces of approximately 60% to 70% of their design values, respectively. Piles and superstructure remained within elastic range, while the isolators experienced important nonlinear deformations.

Effects of Ground Failure on Bridges, Roads, and Railroads

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (1_suppl1) ◽  
pp. 119-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Ledezma ◽  
Tara Hutchinson ◽  
Scott A. Ashford ◽  
Robb Moss ◽  
Pedro Arduino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lateral Spreading ◽  
Ground Shaking ◽  
Ground Failure ◽  
Major Earthquake ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Maule Earthquake ◽  
2010 Maule Earthquake

The long duration and strong velocity content of the motions produced by the 27 February 2010 Maule earthquake resulted in widespread liquefaction and lateral spreading in several urban and other regions of Chile. In particular, critical lifeline structures such as bridges, roadway embankments, and railroads were damaged by ground shaking and ground failure. This paper describes the effects that ground failure had on a number of bridges, roadway embankments, and railroads during this major earthquake.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document