scholarly journals Geomagnetic Secular Variations at the Permian‐Triassic Boundary and Pulsed Magmatism During Eruption of the Siberian Traps

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 773-791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir E. Pavlov ◽  
Frederic Fluteau ◽  
Anton V. Latyshev ◽  
Anna M. Fetisova ◽  
Linda T. Elkins‐Tanton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triassic Boundary ◽  
Siberian Traps ◽  
Secular Variations ◽  
Permian Triassic Boundary

Synchronism of the Siberian Traps and the Permian-Triassic Boundary

Science ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 258 (5089) ◽  
pp. 1760-1763 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. H. Campbell ◽  
G. K. Czamanske ◽  
V. A. Fedorenko ◽  
R. I. Hill ◽  
V. Stepanov
Keyword(s):  
Triassic Boundary ◽  
Siberian Traps ◽  
Permian Triassic Boundary

scholarly journals Prolonged Late Permian–Early Triassic hyperthermal: failure of climate regulation?

2018 ◽  
Vol 376 (2130) ◽  
pp. 20170078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee R. Kump
Keyword(s):  
Triassic Boundary ◽  
Expected Time ◽  
Siberian Traps ◽  
Climate Regulation ◽  
Geological Past ◽  
Thermal Maximum ◽  
Isotope Record ◽  
Global Tectonics ◽  
Permian Triassic Boundary

The extreme warmth associated with the mass extinction at the Permian–Triassic boundary was likely produced by a rapid build-up of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere from the eruption and emplacement of the Siberian Traps. In comparison to another hyperthermal event, the Palaeocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum, the Permian–Triassic event, while leaving a similar carbon isotope record, likely had larger amounts of CO 2 emitted and did not follow the expected time scale of climate recovery. The quantities and rates of CO 2 emission likely exhausted the capacity of the long-term climate regulator associated with silicate weathering. Failure was enhanced by slow rock uplift and high continentality associated with the supercontinental phase of global tectonics at the time of the Siberian Traps eruption. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Hyperthermals: rapid and extreme global warming in our geological past’.

scholarly journals Rapid enhancement of chemical weathering recorded by extremely light seawater lithium isotopes at the Permian–Triassic boundary

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (15) ◽  
pp. 3782-3787 ◽  
Author(s):  
He Sun ◽  
Yilin Xiao ◽  
Yongjun Gao ◽  
Guijie Zhang ◽  
John F. Casey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Extinction ◽  
Chemical Weathering ◽  
Triassic Boundary ◽  
Isotopic Signatures ◽  
Siberian Traps ◽  
Li Isotope ◽  
Continental Weathering ◽  
Excessive Nutrients ◽  
Permian Mass Extinction ◽  
Permian Triassic Boundary

Lithium (Li) isotope analyses of sedimentary rocks from the Meishan section in South China reveal extremely light seawater Li isotopic signatures at the Permian–Triassic boundary (PTB), which coincide with the most severe mass extinction in the history of animal life. Using a dynamic seawater lithium box model, we show that the light seawater Li isotopic signatures can be best explained by a significant influx of riverine [Li] with light δ7Li to the ocean realm. The seawater Li isotope excursion started ≥300 Ky before and persisted up to the main extinction event, which is consistent with the eruption time of the Siberian Traps. The eruption of the Siberian Traps exposed an enormous amount of fresh basalt and triggered CO2 release, rapid global warming, and acid rains, which in turn led to a rapid enhancement of continental weathering. The enhanced continental weathering delivered excessive nutrients to the oceans that could lead to marine eutrophication, anoxia, acidification, and ecological perturbation, ultimately resulting in the end-Permian mass extinction.

scholarly journals Carbon Isotope Chemostratigraphy Across the Permian-Triassic Boundary at Chaotian, China: Implications for the Global Methane Cycle in the Aftermath of the Extinction

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masafumi Saitoh ◽  
Yukio Isozaki
Keyword(s):  
Isotopic Composition ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Methane Cycle ◽  
Triassic Boundary ◽  
Shallow Marine ◽  
Siberian Traps ◽  
Atmosphere System ◽  
Ocean Atmosphere ◽  
Permian Extinction ◽  
Permian Triassic Boundary

During the end-Permian extinction, a substantial amount of methane (CH4) was likely released into the ocean-atmosphere system associated with the Siberian Traps volcanism, although fluctuations in the global CH4 cycle in the aftermath of the extinction remain poorly understood. The carbon (C) isotopic composition of carbonate (δ13Ccarb) across the Permian-Triassic boundary (P-TB) was analyzed at Chaotian, South China. The δ13Ccarb values decrease from ca. +1 to –2‰ across the P-TB, possibly caused by a collapse of primary productivity associated with the shallow-marine extinction. The frequent intercalation of felsic tuff layers around the P-TB suggests that a volcanogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) input to the surface oceans may also have contributed to the δ13Ccarb decline. The magnitude of the δ13Ccarb decrease (∼3‰) is substantially smaller than the magnitude of a decrease in C isotopic composition of organic matter (δ13Corg) in the same P-TB interval (∼7‰). This apparent δ13Ccarb-δ13Corg decoupling could be explained by proliferation of methanogen (“methanogenic burst”) in the sediments. A global δ13C compilation shows a large variation in marine δ13Corg records, implying that the “methanogenic burst” according to the Siberian Traps volcanism may have contributed, at least in part, to the δ13Corg variability and to the elevated CH4 levels in the atmosphere. The present and previous observations allow us to infer that the global CH4 cycle may have fluctuated substantially in the aftermath of the extinction.

The Permian–Triassic boundary Lung Cam expanded section, Vietnam, as a high-resolution proxy for the GSSP at Meishan, China

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-79
Author(s):  
Brooks B. Ellwood ◽  
Galina P. Nestell ◽  
Luu Thi Phuong Lan ◽  
Merlynd K. Nestell ◽  
Jonathan H. Tomkin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Triassic Boundary ◽  
Volcanic Event ◽  
Siberian Traps ◽  
Significant Events ◽  
Oxygen Isotope Stratigraphy ◽  
Carbon And Oxygen Isotope ◽  
Isotope Stratigraphy ◽  
Permian Triassic Boundary ◽  
Stratigraphic Succession

AbstractThe Lung Cam expanded stratigraphic succession in Vietnam is correlated herein to the Meishan D section in China, the GSSP for the Permian–Triassic boundary. The first appearance datum of the conodont Hindeodus parvus at Meishan defines the Permian–Triassic boundary, and using published graphic correlation, the Permian–Triassic boundary level has been projected into the Lung Cam section. Using time-series analysis of magnetic susceptibility (χ) data, it is determined that H. parvus arrived at Lung Cam ∼18 kyr before the Permian–Triassic boundary. Data indicate that the Lung Cam section is expanded by ∼90 % relative to the GSSP section at Meishan. Given the expanded Lung Cam section, it is possible to resolve the timing of significant events during the Permian–Triassic transition with high precision. These events include major stepped extinctions, beginning at ∼135 kyr and ending at ∼110 kyr below the Permian–Triassic boundary, with a duration of ∼25 kyr, followed by deposition of Lung Cam ash Bed + 13, which is equivalent to Siberian Traps volcanism is graphically correlated to a precession Time-series model, placing onset of this major volcanic event at ~242 kyr before the PTB. The Meishan Beds 25 and 26, at ∼100 kyr before the Permian–Triassic boundary. In addition, the elemental geochemical, carbon and oxygen isotope stratigraphy, and magnetostratigraphy susceptibility datasets from Lung Cam allow good correlation to other Permian–Triassic boundary succession. These datasets are helpful when the conodont biostratigraphy is poorly known in sections with problems such as lithofacies variability, or is undefined, owing possibly to lithofacies exclusions, anoxia or for other reasons. The Lung Pu Permian–Triassic boundary section, ∼45 km from Lung Cam, is used to test these problems.

scholarly journals Halogen Enrichment of Siberian Traps Magmas During Interaction With Evaporites

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana Sibik ◽  
Marie Edmonds ◽  
Benoit Villemant ◽  
Henrik H. Svensen ◽  
Alexander G. Polozov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stratospheric Ozone ◽  
Contact Metamorphism ◽  
Large Igneous Province ◽  
Basalt Magma ◽  
Triassic Boundary ◽  
Siberian Traps ◽  
Igneous Province ◽  
Host Rocks ◽  
Permian Triassic Boundary ◽  
Primary Magmas

Volatile emissions to the atmosphere associated with the Siberian Traps eruptions at the Permian-Triassic boundary were sourced from the outgassing of primary magmas and the sedimentary host rocks into which they were intruded. Halogens in volcanic gases may have played an important role in environmental degradation and in stratospheric ozone destruction. Here we investigate how halogens behave during the interaction between salts and basalt magma emplaced as sills and erupted as lava. We present whole-rock, trace, and halogen concentrations for a suite of samples from three locations in the Siberian Traps Large Igneous Province, including basalt lavas erupted, and dolerites intruded into both organic-bearing shales and evaporites. Dolerites are enriched in Cl, Br, and I; their enrichment in Cl is similar to MORB and OIB that have been inferred to have assimilated seawater. The dolerites exhibit halogen compositional systematics, which extend towards both evaporites and crustal brines. Furthermore, all analyzed samples show enrichment in Rb/Nb; with the dolerites also showing enrichment in Cl/K similar to MORB and OIB that have been inferred to have assimilated seawater. We infer that samples from all three locations have assimilated fluids derived from evaporites, which are components of crustal sedimentary rocks. We show that up to 89% of the chlorine in the dolerites may have been assimilated as a consequence of the contact metamorphism of evaporites. We show, by thermal modeling, that halogen transfer may occur via assimilation of a brine phase derived from heating evaporites. Halogen assimilation from subcropping evaporites may be pervasive in the Siberian Traps Large Igneous Province and is expected to have enhanced emissions of Cl and Br into the atmosphere from both intrusive and extrusive magmatism.

The Siberian Traps magma emplacement dynamics links to environmental changes across the Permian-Triassic boundary in Svalbard

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sverre Planke ◽  
Alexander Polozov ◽  
John Millett ◽  
Dougal Jerram ◽  
Dmitrii Zastrozhnov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Lava Flow ◽  
Field Work ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Late Permian ◽  
Triassic Boundary ◽  
Siberian Traps ◽  
Basin Development ◽  
Extinction Event ◽  
Permian Triassic Boundary

<p>The end-Permian Siberian Traps large igneous province (LIP) is temporally associated with the major extinction event at the Paleozoic-Mesozoic boundary. The extinction was likely triggered by massive eruption of carbon and halocarbon gases released from metamorphic aureoles around sill complexes in the Tunguska Basin. Additional environmental pollution was likely associated with magma degassing, forest fires, and extensive tuff formation during magma-water interaction. We have conducted detailed field work in the Norilsk area since 2006 to study the environment during the initial lava eruptions in the Siberian Traps. The field work included mapping, photogrammetric drone surveying, sampling, and subsequent inorganic geochemical and petrographic analyzes. The sediment-lava transition is particularly well exposed in the Norilsk area. In the Kajerkan quarry, shallow basaltic igneous intrusions were emplacement into the coal-rich upper part of the Tunguska Group of Late Carboniferous and Permian age. In the Ore Brook and Red Rocks localities, more than ten sub-vertical tree trunks have been mapped and sampled in the lowermost lava flow. The tree trunks are petrified wood of end-Permian age. Pillow basalts are found at the same levels, showing that the lava flow was emplaced in a wet environment. Ropy pahoehoe structures are found at the top of this flow, which suggests that the uppermost part of the lava flow was emplaced in a subaerial environment. Further south, in the Bratsk area, extensive sill intrusions and magnetite-rich hydrothermal vent complexes are abundant, documenting extensive eruptions of metamorphic gases and tuffs to the atmosphere. We have been drilling two 100-m long stratigraphic boreholes across the Permian-Triassic boundary in Svalbard, arctic Norway, to study the effect of the Siberian Traps magmatism on the sedimentary basin development some 2000-km away from the main eruption sites. The near complete core recovery, complemented by material collected in a river section ca. 1 km north-east of the drill site, allowed high-resolution analyses of the Permian-Triassic boundary interval. The cores have been logged and analyzed in detail, including organic and inorganic geochemistry, isotope geochemistry, petrography, and biostratigraphy. The Permian-Triassic boundary (PTB) is identified in the cores and lies within the Reduviasporonites chalastus Assemblage Zone, 2.50 m above the lithological change from bioturbated to dark grey, laminated mudstones. This corresponds to the local position of the Late-Permian Mass Extinction event (LPME) and its associated sharp negative δ<sup>13</sup>C<sub>org</sub> excursion. High-resolution environmental proxies indicate a dramatic change in provenance across the PTB, and a transition towards a more arid climate in the earliest Triassic. This transition was contemporaneous with prolonged bottom-water dysoxic or anoxic conditions, following a Late Permian increase in volcanic activity, probably linked to the emplacement of the Siberian Traps LIP. Zircons have been separated from numerous basaltic ash layers in this sequence, and a few have been successfully dated with the U-Pb TIMS method and overlap in age with the Siberian Traps magmatism. This study shows that the Siberian Traps LIP had a major impact of both the basin development and life in the arctic Barents Sea region.</p>

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