scholarly journals Why Trace Metals Cling to the Ocean’s Skin

Eos ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Underwood
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Surface Microlayer ◽  
Sea Surface Microlayer

Metals within the millimeter-thick sea surface microlayer may impact ocean health and climate.

Study on dissolved trace metals in sea surface microlayer in Daya Bay

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Zhengbin ◽  
Liu Chunying ◽  
Liu Liansheng ◽  
Yu Lin ◽  
Wang Zhaoding
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Daya Bay ◽  
Surface Microlayer ◽  
Sea Surface Microlayer ◽  
Dissolved Trace Metals

Response : CLOD Spreading in the Sea-Surface Microlayer

Science ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 270 (5238) ◽  
pp. 897-898
Author(s):  
Mark M. Littler ◽  
Diane S. Littler
Keyword(s):  
Sea Surface ◽  
Surface Microlayer ◽  
Sea Surface Microlayer

CLOD Spreading in the Sea-Surface Microlayer

Science ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 270 (5238) ◽  
pp. 897-897
Author(s):  
M. S. Hale ◽  
J. G. Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Sea Surface ◽  
Surface Microlayer ◽  
Sea Surface Microlayer

scholarly journals New insights into aerosol and climate in the Arctic

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan P. D. Abbatt ◽  
W. Richard Leaitch ◽  
Amir A. Aliabadi ◽  
Alan K. Bertram ◽  
Jean-Pierre Blanchet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Range ◽  
Mineral Dust ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Long Range Transport ◽  
Surface Microlayer ◽  
Biogeochemical Models ◽  
Sea Surface Microlayer ◽  
Range Transport ◽  
Warming World

Abstract. Motivated by the need to predict how the Arctic atmosphere will change in a warming world, this article summarizes recent advances made by the research consortium NETCARE (Network on Climate and Aerosols: Addressing Key Uncertainties in Remote Canadian Environments) that contribute to our fundamental understanding of Arctic aerosol particles as they relate to climate forcing. The overall goal of NETCARE research has been to use an interdisciplinary approach encompassing extensive field observations and a range of chemical transport, earth system, and biogeochemical models. Several major findings and advances have emerged from NETCARE since its formation in 2013 . (1) Unexpectedly high summertime dimethyl sulfide (DMS) levels were identified in ocean water and the overlying atmosphere in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA). Furthermore, melt ponds, which are widely prevalent, were identified as an important DMS source. (2) Evidence was found of widespread particle nucleation and growth in the marine boundary layer in the CAA in the summertime. DMS-oxidation-driven nucleation is facilitated by the presence of atmospheric ammonia arising from sea bird colony emissions, and potentially also from coastal regions, tundra, and biomass burning. Via accumulation of secondary organic material (SOA), a significant fraction of the new particles grow to sizes that are active in cloud droplet formation. Although the gaseous precursors to Arctic marine SOA remain poorly defined, the measured levels of common continental SOA precursors (isoprene and monoterpenes) were low, whereas elevated mixing ratios of oxygenated volatile organic compounds were inferred to arise via processes involving the sea surface microlayer. (3) The variability in the vertical distribution of black carbon (BC) under both springtime Arctic haze and more pristine summertime aerosol conditions was observed. Measured particle size distributions and mixing states were used to constrain, for the first time, calculations of aerosol–climate interactions under Arctic conditions. Aircraft- and ground-based measurements were used to better establish the BC source regions that supply the Arctic via long-range transport mechanisms. (4) Measurements of ice nucleating particles (INPs) in the Arctic indicate that a major source of these particles is mineral dust, likely derived from local sources in the summer and long-range transport in the spring. In addition, INPs are abundant in the sea surface microlayer in the Arctic, and possibly play a role in ice nucleation in the atmosphere when mineral dust concentrations are low. (5) Amongst multiple aerosol components, BC was observed to have the smallest effective deposition velocities to high Arctic snow.

scholarly journals High-resolution observations on enrichment processes in the sea-surface microlayer

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nur Ili Hamizah Mustaffa ◽  
Thomas H. Badewien ◽  
Mariana Ribas-Ribas ◽  
Oliver Wurl
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Surface Microlayer ◽  
Sea Surface Microlayer

scholarly journals Formation and distribution of sea-surface microlayers

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 5719-5755 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Wurl ◽  
E. Wurl ◽  
L. Miller ◽  
K. Johnson ◽  
S. Vagle
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Primary Production ◽  
Sea Surface ◽  
Surface Microlayer ◽  
Average Wind Speed ◽  
Wind Speeds ◽  
Average Wind ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Sea Surface Microlayer ◽  
Natural Surfactants

Abstract. Results from a study of surfactants in the sea-surface microlayer (SML) in different regions of the ocean (subtropical, temperate, polar) suggest that this interfacial layer between the ocean and atmosphere covers the ocean's surface to a significant extent. Threshold values at which primary production acts as a significant source of natural surfactants have been derived from the enrichment of surfactants in the SML relative to underlying water and local primary production. Similarly, we have also derived a wind speed threshold at which the SML is disrupted. The results suggest that surfactant enrichment in the SML is typically greater in oligotrophic regions of the ocean than in more productive waters. Furthermore, the enrichment of surfactants persisted at wind speeds of up to 10 m s−1 without any observed depletion above 5 m s−1. This suggests that the SML is stable enough to exist even at the global average wind speed of 6.6 m s−1. Global maps of primary production and wind speed are used to estimate the ocean's SML coverage. The maps indicate that wide regions of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans between 30° N and 30° S are more significantly affected by the SML than northern of 30° N and southern of 30° S due to higher productivity (spring/summer blooms) and wind speeds exceeding 12 m s−1 respectively.

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