scholarly journals In Pursuit of Flash Flood Data

Eos ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Gourley
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Valuable Data

How remote sensing of streams provides valuable data for the characterization, prediction, and warning of impending flash floods.

scholarly journals A Survey of Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System Applications for Flash Floods

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 1818
Author(s):  
Lisha Ding ◽  
Lei Ma ◽  
Longguo Li ◽  
Chao Liu ◽  
Naiwen Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Information System ◽  
Geographic Information System ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Flood Disaster ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Time Zone ◽  
Gis Technologies

Flash floods are among the most dangerous natural disasters. As climate change and urbanization advance, an increasing number of people are at risk of flash floods. The application of remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) technologies in the study of flash floods has increased significantly over the last 20 years. In this paper, more than 200 articles published in the last 20 years are summarized and analyzed. First, a visualization analysis of the literature is performed, including a keyword co-occurrence analysis, time zone chart analysis, keyword burst analysis, and literature co-citation analysis. Then, the application of remote sensing and GIS technologies to flash flood disasters is analyzed in terms of aspects such as flash flood forecasting, flash flood disaster impact assessments, flash flood susceptibility analyses, flash flood risk assessments, and the identification of flash flood disaster risk areas. Finally, the current research status is summarized, and the orientation of future research is also discussed.

scholarly journals Hydrological problems of flash floods and the encroachment of wastewater affecting the urban areas in Greater Cairo, Egypt, using remote sensing and GIS techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanaa A. Megahed ◽  
Mohammed A. El Bastawesy
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Satellite Images ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Flow Direction ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Water Volume ◽  
Gis Techniques ◽  
Greater Cairo

Abstract Background This paper discusses the hydrological problems assessment of flash floods and the encroachment of wastewater in selected urban areas of Greater Cairo using remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) techniques. The integration of hydrogeological and geomorphological analyses with the fieldwork of drainage basins (Wadi Degla) hosting these urban areas endeavors to provide the optimum mitigation measures that can be feasibly taken to achieve sustainability of the urban areas and water resources available. Results Landsat 5 and Sentinel-2 satellite images were obtained shortly before and after flash flood events and were downloaded and analyzed to define the active channels, urban interference, storage areas, and the natural depressions response. The quantitative flash flood estimates include total GSMap meteorological data sets, parameters of rainfall depths from remote sensing data, active channel area from satellite images, and storage areas that flooded. In GIS, digital elevation model was used to estimate the hydrographic parameters: flow direction within the catchment, flow accumulation, time zone of the catchment, and estimating of the water volume in the largely inundated depressions. Conclusions Based on the results obtained from the study of available satellite images, it has been shown that there are two significant hydrological problems, including the lack of flash flood mitigation measures for urban areas, as the wastewater depressions and sanitary facilities are dotting in the downstream areas.

scholarly journals A New Modeling Approach for Spatial Prediction of Flash Flood with Biogeography Optimized CHAID Tree Ensemble and Remote Sensing Data

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1373 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viet-Nghia Nguyen ◽  
Peyman Yariyan ◽  
Mahdis Amiri ◽  
An Dang Tran ◽  
Tien Dat Pham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Spatial Prediction ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Mountainous Area ◽  
Random Subspace ◽  
Topographic Wetness Index ◽  
Modeling Approach ◽  
Inventory Map ◽  
Sar Imagery

Flash floods induced by torrential rainfalls are considered one of the most dangerous natural hazards, due to their sudden occurrence and high magnitudes, which may cause huge damage to people and properties. This study proposed a novel modeling approach for spatial prediction of flash floods based on the tree intelligence-based CHAID (Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detector)random subspace, optimized by biogeography-based optimization (the CHAID-RS-BBO model), using remote sensing and geospatial data. In this proposed approach, a forest of tree intelligence was constructed through the random subspace ensemble, and, then, the swarm intelligence was employed to train and optimize the model. The Luc Yen district, located in the northwest mountainous area of Vietnam, was selected as a case study. For this circumstance, a flood inventory map with 1866 polygons for the district was prepared based on Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery and field surveys with handheld GPS. Then, a geospatial database with ten influencing variables (land use/land cover, soil type, lithology, river density, rainfall, topographic wetness index, elevation, slope, curvature, and aspect) was prepared. Using the inventory map and the ten explanatory variables, the CHAID-RS-BBO model was trained and verified. Various statistical metrics were used to assess the prediction capability of the proposed model. The results show that the proposed CHAID-RS-BBO model yielded the highest predictive performance, with an overall accuracy of 90% in predicting flash floods, and outperformed benchmarks (i.e., the CHAID, the J48-DT, the logistic regression, and the multilayer perception neural network (MLP-NN) models). We conclude that the proposed method can accurately estimate the spatial prediction of flash floods in tropical storm areas.

scholarly journals Flash Flood Hazard Mapping Using Satellite Images and GIS Tools: A case study of the central High Atlas (Morocco)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
Fatima El Bchari ◽  
Barbara Theilen-Willige ◽  
Abdellatif Souhel
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Hazard Mapping ◽  
High Atlas ◽  
Flooding Hazard ◽  
Gis Tools ◽  
Flooding Events ◽  
Central High ◽  
Central High Atlas

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Flash flood is generally defined as a rapid onset of flood with a short duration and a relatively high peak discharge. It occurs rapidly, generally within one hour of rainfall, and sometimes accompanied by landslides, mud flows, bridge collapse, damage to buildings, and fatalities (Hapuarachchi et al., 2011).</p><p> They cause extensive disruptions to a diverse range of living, working, societal, and spatial environments, the raison why they are reported to be one of the deadliest and most expensive natural hazards worldwide.</p><p> Flood damages do not only depend on precipitation amounts but are also a consequence of geomorphological factors and human influences (Maruša et al., 2014) and in this study, the main attention is particularly concentrated on geomorphological factors to flooding. Flash flood events can be characterized by the amount of rain responsible to their occurrences and their duration.</p><p> Leaving aside droughts, floods are one of the most dangerous meteorological hazards in Morocco, followed by wind-/sandstorms, with the largest frequency of occurrence and the largest number of victims (EM-Dat. 2014). Heavy rains often induce floods in Morocco, including flash floods, riverine floods and mud floods during the rainy season (Theilen-Willige, B. 2015). For example, in 2014, The violent storms of 22–30 November 2014, resulted in flash floods and rivers floods in large parts of Southern Morocco. The Guelmim area was the most affected part with at least 32 fatalities and important infrastructure damages. In August 2015 Heavy rain (299m) causes flooding in some area parts of the Geoparc of Mgoun (central High Atlas, Moroco): such as Tllouguit, Zawiat Ahancal,and Ait Bou Guemmez Indeed, this episode affected regional roads, bridges, schools and agricutural infrastractures, water supply and electrical networks and caused several people homeless, 3 deaths and important infrastructure damages.</p><p> The torrential rains caused flooding of Ahancal and Bou Gemmez river and submerging roads and bridges.</p><p> This flooding event rose the question of whether and how remote sensing and GIS tools could be used in an effective manner in order to contribute to a better understanding of the factors leading to this flooding hazard and how to mitigate damage in future by providing maps of areas that have been flooded in the past and areas that are susceptible to flooding due to their morphologic settings during extreme precipitation events.</p><p> The flooding hazard in the High atlas of Azilal region initiated this study in order to investigate the use of remote sensing and geographic information system (GIS) for the detection and identification of areas most likely to be flooded in the future again due to their morphologic properties during similar weather conditions. By combining morphometric analysis of the investigation area involving the quantitative analysis of the landforms based on Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data (Aster GDEM, SRTM-DEM, ALOS PALSAR-DEM) and visual interpretation based on satellite image. The resulting maps of weighted overlay procedures, aggregating causal, morphometric factors influencing the susceptibility to flooding (lowest height levels, flattest areas), allowed for the distinguishing of areas with higher, medium and lower susceptibility to flooding. Thus, GIS and remote sensing tools contribute to the recognition and mapping of areas and infrastructure prone to flooding in this area.</p><p> Satellite radar data as Sentinel 1, A and B, with acquisition times at or near the flooding events help to identify flooded areas due to the typical mirror-like radar signal reflection of water bodies. Optical satellite data (Sentinel 2, Landsat 8) (often useless during the flooding events because of the cloud cover) taken after flooding events can be used to monitor the traces of flash floods such as sediment accumulation areas or erosional features. Merging this information with infrastructural data in a GIS environment contributes to the detection of flooding hazard prone areas and, thus, to hazard preparedness.</p>

scholarly journals Application of Backpack-Mounted Mobile Mapping System and Rainfall–Runoff–Inundation Model for Flash Flood Analysis

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiro Sayama ◽  
Koji Matsumoto ◽  
Yuji Kuwano ◽  
Kaoru Takara
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Large River ◽  
Flood Inundation ◽  
Rainfall Runoff ◽  
Mobile Mapping ◽  
Mapping System ◽  
Mobile Mapping System ◽  
Flood Analysis

Satellite remote sensing has been used effectively to estimate flood inundation extents in large river basins. In the case of flash floods in mountainous catchments, however, it is difficult to use remote sensing information. To compensate for this situation, detailed rainfall–runoff and flood inundation models have been utilized. Regardless of the recent technological advances in simulations, there has been a significant lack of data for validating such models, particularly with respect to local flood inundation depths. To estimate flood inundation depths, this study proposes using a backpack-mounted mobile mapping system (MMS) for post-flood surveys. Our case study in Northern Kyushu Island, which was affected by devastating flash floods in July 2017, suggests that the MMS can be used to estimate the inundation depth with an accuracy of 0.14 m. Furthermore, the landform change due to deposition of sediments could be estimated by the MMS survey. By taking into consideration the change of topography, the rainfall–runoff–inundation (RRI) model could reasonably reproduce the flood inundation compared with the MMS measurements. Overall, this study demonstrates the effective application of the MMS and RRI model for flash flood analysis in mountainous river catchments.

scholarly journals Modeling Flash Floods and Induced Recharge into Alluvial Aquifers Using Multi-Temporal Remote Sensing and Electrical Resistivity Imaging

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (23) ◽  
pp. 10204
Author(s):  
Omnia El-Saadawy ◽  
Ahmed Gaber ◽  
Abdullah Othman ◽  
Abotalib Z. Abotalib ◽  
Mohammed El Bastawesy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Water Infiltration ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Aquifer Recharge ◽  
Basin Scale ◽  
Alluvium Aquifer

Flash flood hazard assessments, mitigation measures, and water harvesting efforts in desert environments are often challenged by data scarcity on the basin scale. The present study, using the Wadi Atfeh catchment as a test site, integrates remote sensing datasets with field and geoelectrical measurements to assess flash flood hazards, suggest mitigation measures, and to examine the recharge to the alluvium aquifer. The estimated peak discharge of the 13 March 2020 flood event was 97 m3/h, which exceeded the capacity of the culverts beneath the Eastern Military Highway (64 m3/h), and a new dam was suggested, where 75% of the catchment could be controlled. The monitoring of water infiltration into the alluvium aquifer using time-lapse electrical resistivity measurements along a fixed profile showed a limited connection between the wetted surficial sediments and the water table. Throughflow is probably the main source of recharge to the aquifer rather than vertical infiltration at the basin outlet. The findings suggest further measures to avoid the negative impacts of flash floods at the Wadi Atfeh catchment and similar basins in the Eastern Desert of Egypt. Furthermore, future hydrological studies in desert environments should take into consideration the major role of the throughflow in alluvium aquifer recharge.

Geohazard characterization using remote sensing to model flash floods of the Southeast Sinai, Egypt

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-40
Author(s):  
Okechukwu Livinus Obiegbu
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Workflow Model ◽  
Hazard Map ◽  
Srtm Dem ◽  
Landsat 7 ◽  
Risk Areas

Flash floods have led to disruptions of human activities and the destruction of properties particularly in the Nuweiba region of Southeast Sinai. Despite the arid nature of Sinai, flash floods still pose a great hazard to the region. Using remote sensing characterization, geohazard models were developed to identify flash flood areas, delineate and discriminate morphological features, active channels areas and soil physiography with a view to categorize risk areas exposed to flash floods hazards in a hazard map and proffer measures for mitigation. The characterization was achieved using a workflow model developed from spatial datasets of Shuttle Radar Topography Mission Digital Elevation Model (SRTM DEM) and the red-green-blue (RGB) composites from Landsat bands 7 ETM+. The data was used to investigate and assess flash flood areas for morphological attributes, watershed basin characterization, generation of false color composite from Landsat 7 ETM+ 7, 4 and 2 RGB bands and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) band from composite of 742 RGB. Multivariate analysis of generated raster layer attributes provided enhancements and attribute discrimination for delineating areas of active flood channels, upslope zones and soil physiography discrimination from their spectral reflectance. The results are presented in an integrated approach of remote sensing with geographic information systems (GIS) and indicates that the soil types and geological units contribute greatly towards activation of these flash floods which is triggered by intense rainstorms. Components of generated map attributes of SRTM DEM, gradient of DEM and Landsat 7 ETM+ composite of 742 bands in GIS were used to generate a hazard map using spatial analysis to depict the nature and scale of issues identified. Due to flash floods vulnerabilities, the study area was classified into stable/low, moderate and high-risk areas. Mitigation measures to control flash floods were proposed to enable adequate preparations to mitigate impending flash flood disasters.

Using convection-permitting climate models and a high-resolution distributed hydrological model to assess future changes in Alpine flash floods.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjanne Zander ◽  
Pety Viguurs ◽  
Frederiek Sperna Weiland ◽  
Albrecht Weerts
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Natural Hazards ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Flood Frequency ◽  
Climate Dynamics ◽  
Future Climate ◽  
European Climate

&lt;p&gt;Flash Floods are damaging natural hazards which often occur in the European Alps. Precipitation patterns and intensity may change in a future climate affecting their occurrence and magnitude. For impact studies, flash floods can be difficult to simulate due the complex orography and limited extent &amp; duration of the heavy rainfall events which trigger them. The new generation convection-permitting regional climate models improve the intensity and frequency of heavy precipitation (Ban et al., 2021).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Therefore, this study combines such simulations with high-resolution distributed hydrological modelling to assess changes in flash flood frequency and occurrence over the Alpine terrain. We use the state-of-the-art Unified Model (Berthou et al., 2018) to drive a high-resolution distributed hydrological wflow_sbm model (e.g. Imhoff et al., 2020) covering most of the Alpine mountain range on an hourly resolution. Simulations of the future climate RCP 8.5 for the end-of-century (2096-2105) and current climate (1998-2007) are compared.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;First, the wflow_sbm model was validated by comparing ERA5 driven simulation with streamflow observations (across Rhone, Rhine, Po, Adige and Danube). Second, the wflow_sbm simulation driven by UM simulation of the current climate was compared to a dataset of historical flood occurrences (Paprotny et al., 2018, Earth Syst. Sci. Data) to validate if the model can accurately simulate the location of the flash floods and to determine a suitable threshold for flash flooding. Finally, the future run was used to asses changes in flash flood frequency and occurrence. Results show an increase in flash flood frequency for the Upper Rhine and Adige catchments. For the Rhone the increase was less pronounced. The locations where the flash floods occur did not change much.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;This research is embedded in the EU H2020 project EUCP (EUropean Climate Prediction system) (https://www.eucp-project.eu/), which aims to support climate adaptation and mitigation decisions for the coming decades by developing a regional climate prediction and projection system based on high-resolution climate models for Europe.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;N. Ban, E. Brisson, C. Caillaud, E. Coppola, E. Pichelli, S. Sobolowski, &amp;#8230;, M.J. Zander (2021): &amp;#8220;The first multi-model ensemble of regional climate simulations at the kilometer-scale resolution, Part I: Evaluation of precipitation&amp;#8221;, manuscript accepted for publication in Climate Dynamics.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;S. Berthou, E.J. Kendon, S. C. Chan, N. Ban, D. Leutwyler, C. Sch&amp;#228;r, and G. Fosser, 2018, &amp;#8220;Pan-european climate at convection-permitting scale: a model intercomparison study.&amp;#8221; Climate Dynamics, pages 1&amp;#8211;25, DOI: 10.1007/s00382-018-4114-6&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Imhoff, R.O., W. van Verseveld, B. van Osnabrugge, A.H. Weerts, 2020. &amp;#8220;Scaling point-scale pedotransfer functions parameter estimates for seamless large-domain high-resolution distributed hydrological modelling: An example for the Rhine river.&amp;#8221; Water Resources Research, 56. Doi: 10.1029/2019WR026807&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Paprotny, D., Morales Napoles, O., &amp; Jonkman, S. N., 2018. &quot;HANZE: a pan-European database of exposure to natural hazards and damaging historical floods since 1870&quot;. Earth System Science Data, 10, 565&amp;#8211;581, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-10-565-2018&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Assessment of flash floods taking into account climate change scenarios in the Llobregat River basin

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 3145-3156 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Velasco ◽  
P. A. Versini ◽  
A. Cabello ◽  
A. Barrera-Escoda
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Extreme Events ◽  
Hydrological Model ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
The Future ◽  
Peak Over Threshold ◽  
Llobregat River

Abstract. Global change may imply important changes in the future occurrence and intensity of extreme events. Climate scenarios characterizing these plausible changes were previously obtained for the Llobregat River basin (NE Spain). This paper presents the implementation of these scenarios in the HBV (Hydrologiska Byråns Vattenbalansavdelning) hydrological model. Then, the expected changes in terms of flash flood occurrence and intensity are assessed for two different sub-basins: the Alt Llobregat and the Anoia (Llobregat River basin). The assessment of future flash floods has been done in terms of the intensity and occurrence of extreme events, using a peak over threshold (POT) analysis. For these two sub-basins, most of the simulated scenarios present an increase of the intensity of the peak discharge values. On the other hand, the future occurrence follows different trends in the two sub-basins: an increase is observed in Alt Llobregat but a decrease occurs in Anoia. Despite the uncertainties that appear in the whole process, the results obtained can shed some light on how future flash floods events may occur.

scholarly journals Designating Appropriate Areas for Determining Potential Rainwater Harvesting in Arid Region Using a GIS-based Multi-criteria Decision Analysis ‏

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Abd-el-Kader ◽  
Ahmed Elfeky ◽  
Mohamed Saber ◽  
Maged AlHarbi ◽  
abed Alataway
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Decision Analysis ◽  
Rainwater Harvesting ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Flood Hazard ◽  
Flash Floods ◽  
Flood Mitigation ◽  
Water Harvesting ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Analysis

Abstract Flash floods are highly devastating, however there is no effective management for their water in Saudi Arabia, therefore, it is crucial to adopt Rainfall Water Harvesting (RWH) techniques to mitigate the flash floods and manage the available water resources from the infrequent and rare rainfall storms. The goal of this study is to create a potential flood hazard map and a map of suitable locations for RWH in Wadi Nisah, Saudi Arabia for future water management and flood prevention plans and to identify potential areas for rainwater harvesting and dam construction for both a flood mitigation and water harvesting. This research was carried out using a spatiotemporal distributed model based on multi-criteria decision analysis by combining Geographic Information System (GIS), Remote Sensing (RS), and Multi-Criteria Decision-Making tools (MCDM). The flood hazard mapping criteria were elevation, drainage density, slope, direct runoff depth at 50 years return period, Topographic witness index, and Curve Number, according to the Multi-criteria decision analysis, while the criteria for RWH were Slope, Land cover, Stream order, Lineaments density, and Average of annual max-24hr Rainfall. The weight of each criteria was estimated based on Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). In multi-criteria decision analysis, 21.55 % of the total area for Wadi Nisah was classified as extremely dangerous and dangerous; 65.29 % of the total area was classified as moderate; and 13.15 % of the total area was classified as safe and very safe in flash flood hazard classes. Only 15% of Wadi Nisah has a very high potentiality for RWH and 27.7%, 57.31% of the basin has a moderate and a low or extremely low potentiality of RWH, respectively. According to the developed RWH potentiality map, two possible dam sites were proposed. The maximum height of the proposed dams, which corresponded to the cross section of dam locations, ranged from 6.2 to 9 meters; the maximum width of dams ranged from 573.48 to 725 meters; the maximum storage capacity of reservoirs, which corresponded to the distribution of topographic conditions in the surrounding area, ranged from 3976104.499 m3 to 4328509.123 m3; and the maximum surface area of reservoirs ranged from 1268372.625 m2 to 1505825.676.14 m2. These results are highly important for the decision makers for not only flash flood mitigation but also water management in the study area.

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