scholarly journals Can Large Electric Fields Power Jupiter’s X-ray Auroras?

Eos ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily Underwood
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Polar Region ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Auroral Particles

Electric fields with megavolt potentials in Jupiter’s polar region accelerate particles to 100 times more energy than Earth’s typical auroral particles, a new study finds.

Current Status of Solid-State X-Ray Systems

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 158-161
Author(s):  
Martin Peckerar ◽  
Anastasios Tousimis
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Spectral Lines ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Mobile Charge ◽  
Electron Hole ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Electron Microscopes

Solid state x-ray sensing systems have been used for many years in conjunction with scanning and transmission electron microscopes. Such systems conveniently provide users with elemental area maps and quantitative chemical analyses of samples. Improvements on these tools are currently sought in the following areas: sensitivity at longer and shorter x-ray wavelengths and minimization of noise-broadening of spectral lines. In this paper, we review basic limitations and recent advances in each of these areas. Throughout the review, we emphasize the systems nature of the problem. That is. limitations exist not only in the sensor elements but also in the preamplifier/amplifier chain and in the interfaces between these components.Solid state x-ray sensors usually function by way of incident photons creating electron-hole pairs in semiconductor material. This radiation-produced mobile charge is swept into external circuitry by electric fields in the semiconductor bulk.

Modelling of electric fields in high-voltage x-ray devices

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Ma ◽  
Eric J. Miller ◽  
Vincent F. Jones ◽  
Kris J. Kozaczek
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
X Ray

scholarly journals Transpolar arc evolution and associated potential patterns

2004 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 1213-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Cumnock ◽  
L. G. Blomberg
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Polar Region ◽  
Auroral Oval ◽  
Plasma Convection ◽  
Auroral Emission ◽  
Field Aligned Current ◽  
Auroral Emissions ◽  
Institute Of Technology ◽  
Electric Fields And Currents

Abstract. We present two event studies encompassing detailed relationships between plasma convection, field-aligned current, auroral emission, and particle precipitation boundaries. We illustrate the influence of the Interplanetary Magnetic Field By component on theta aurora development by showing two events during which the theta originates on both the dawn and dusk sides of the auroral oval. Both theta then move across the entire polar region and become part of the opposite side of the auroral oval. Electric and magnetic field and precipitating particle data are provided by DMSP, while the Polar UVI instrument provides measurements of auroral emissions. Utilizing satellite data as inputs, the Royal Institute of Technology model provides the high-latitude ionospheric electrostatic potential pattern calculated at different times during the evolution of the theta aurora, resulting from a variety of field-aligned current configurations associated with the changing global aurora. Key words. Ionosphere (auroral ionosphere; electric fields and currents). Magnetospheric physics (magnetosphereionosphere interactions)

Ferroelectric PTCR Films for Photonic Crystal Gas Sensor

2006 ◽  
Vol 952 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. RaviPrakash ◽  
Susan Trolier-McKinstry ◽  
Jing-Gong Cheng ◽  
Mark McNeal ◽  
Anton Greenwald ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photonic Crystal ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Remanent Polarization ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Mems Devices ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ptcr Effect ◽  
La Doped ◽  
Room Temperature Dielectric Constant

ABSTRACTWe examined lanthanum doped lead barium titanate films for temperature measurements of photonic crystal - MEMS devices. Films were deposited by sol-gel techniques and crystallized in air above 650°C. X-ray diffraction spectra consistent with the perovskite structure were detected. The room temperature dielectric constant was ∼570 at 10 kHz of La-doped (0.3 mol%) Pb0.3Ba0.7TiO3 films. These films had a remanent polarization of ∼20μC/cm2 and a coercive field of 145 kV/cm. The leakage current density was ∼ 2×10−7 amps/cm2 at 100 kV/cm field. The resistivity of the films extracted from the linear region of the I-V data (electric fields in excess of 100 kV/cm) measured as a function of temperature shows an increase in resistivity at temperatures above Tc (120°C for BaTiO3 and 240°C for Pb0.3Ba0.7TiO3) of the film consistent with positive coefficient of resistance (PTCR) effect. However, the change in resistance was small when compared to bulk samples of similar compositions.

scholarly journals Bilayer lead oxide X-ray photoconductor for lag-free operation

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Grynko ◽  
Tristen Thibault ◽  
Emma Pineau ◽  
Gytis Juska ◽  
Alla Reznik
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Lead Oxide ◽  
Thick Layer ◽  
Hole Mobility ◽  
Direct Conversion ◽  
Complete Suppression ◽  
Bilayer Structure ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Different Temperatures

AbstractPolycrystalline Lead Oxide (poly-PbO) was considered one of the most promising photoconductors for the direct conversion X-ray medical imaging detectors due to its previous success in optical imaging, i.e., as an optical target in so-called Plumbicon video pick-up tubes. However, a signal lag which accompanies X-ray excitation, makes poly-PbO inapplicable as an X-ray-to-charge transducer in real-time X-ray imaging. In contrast, the recently synthesized Amorphous Lead Oxide (a-PbO) photoconductor is essentially lag-free. Here, we report on our approach to a PbO detector where a thin layer of a-PbO is combined with a thick layer of poly-PbO for lag-free operation. In the presented a-PbO/poly-PbO bilayer structure, the poly-PbO layer serves as an X-ray-to-charge transducer while the a-PbO acts as a lag prevention layer. The hole mobility in the a-PbO/poly-PbO bilayer structure was measured by photo-Charge Extraction by Linearly Increasing Voltage technique at different temperatures and electric fields to investigate charge transport properties. It was found that the hole mobility is similar to that in a-Se—currently the only commercially viable photoconductor for the direct conversion X-ray detectors. Evaluation of the X-ray temporal performance demonstrated complete suppression of signal lag, allowing operation of the a-PbO/poly-PbO detector in real-time imaging.

Ultralow-Energy Excitations and Prospects for Spatially Resolved Spectroscopy

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Howie
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Electron Beams ◽  
Condensed Matter ◽  
Intermediate Energy ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ultralow Energy ◽  
Spatially Resolved ◽  
Direct Excitation ◽  
Spatially Resolved Spectroscopy ◽  
Electron Energy Loss

The key contribution of electron microscopy methods to condensed matter spectroscopy is undoubtedly spatial resolution. So far this has mainly been manifest through electron energy loss spectroscopy in the 1-eV to 10-keV energy range and has not seriously challenged the dominance of optical, X-ray, and neutron spectroscopy methods over most of the vast field at lower energies. At frequencies up to a few megahertz, corresponding to energies of a few nanoelectron volts and below, direct excitation by pulsed electron beams or electric fields has proved effective. Prospects are discussed for extending spatially resolved spectroscopy to the intermediate energy region, mainly by combining the advantages of electrons with those of photons.

A photographic device with a widely divergent x-ray beam in electric fields at low temperatures

Cryogenics ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 613-614
Author(s):  
S.Kh. Aknazarov ◽  
L.G. Shabel'nikov ◽  
V.Sh. Shekhtman
Keyword(s):  
Electric Fields ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
X Ray

INVESTIGATING ELECTRIC FIELD CONTROL OF MAGNETISM WITH NEUTRON SCATTERING, NONLINEAR OPTICS AND SYNCHROTRON X-RAY SPECTROMICROSCOPY

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 1230004 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. HOLCOMB ◽  
S. POLISETTY ◽  
A. FRAILE RODRÍGUEZ ◽  
V. GOPALAN ◽  
R. RAMESH
Keyword(s):  
Nonlinear Optics ◽  
Electric Field ◽  
Neutron Scattering ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electrical Control ◽  
Essential Step ◽  
Field Control

This paper discusses recent efforts to control magnetism with electric fields in single and multilayer oxides, which has great potential to improve a variety of technological endeavors, such as magnetic sensing and magnetoelectric (ME) logic. The importance of electrical control of magnetism is followed by a discussion of multiferroics and MEs, which are the leading contenders for this task. The focus of this paper is on complementary methods in understanding the ME coupling, an essential step to electrical control of magnetism. Neutron scattering, nonlinear optics and X-ray spectromicroscopy are addressed in providing key parameters in the study of ME coupling. While primarily direct (single-phase multiferroics) ME materials are used as examples, the techniques discussed are also valuable to the study of indirect (e.g., multilayers and pillars) magnetoelectrics. We conclude with a summary of the field and future directions.

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