scholarly journals An 1888 Volcanic Collapse Becomes a Benchmark for Tsunami Models

Eos ◽  
2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Micallef ◽  
Sebastian Watt ◽  
Christian Berndt ◽  
Morelia Urlaub ◽  
Sascha Brune ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Collapse ◽  
Tsunami Models

When volcanic mountains slide into the sea, they trigger tsunamis. How big are these waves, and how far away can they do damage? Ritter Island provides some answers.

Catastrophic Volcanic Collapse: Relation to Hydrothermal Processes

Science ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 260 (5115) ◽  
pp. 1794-1796 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Lopez ◽  
S. N. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Processes ◽  
Volcanic Collapse

Linking geodynamic subduction models to self-consistent 3D dynamic earthquake rupture and tsunami simulations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Aniko Wirp ◽  
Alice-Agnes Gabriel ◽  
Elizabeth H. Madden ◽  
Iris van Zelst ◽  
Lukas Krenz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Subduction Zones ◽  
Surface Boundary ◽  
Seismic Cycle ◽  
Earthquake Rupture ◽  
Dynamic Rupture ◽  
Cycle Model ◽  
Earthquake Dynamics ◽  
Rupture Mode ◽  
Fully Coupled ◽  
Tsunami Models

<p>3D imaging reveals striking along-trench structural variations of subduction zones world-wide (e.g., Han et al, JGR 2018). Subduction zones include basins, sediments, splay and back-thrusting faults that evolve over a large time span due to tectonic processes, and may crucially affect earthquake dynamics and tsunami genesis. Such features should be taken into account for realistic hazard assessment. Numerical modeling bridges time scales of millions of years of subduction evolution to seconds governing dynamic earthquake rupture, as well as spatial scales of hundreds of kilometers of megathrust geometry to meters of an earthquake rupture front.</p><p>Recently, an innovative framework linking long-term geodynamic subduction and seismic cycle models to dynamic rupture models of the earthquake process and seismic wave propagation at coseismic timescales was presented (van Zelst et al., JGR 2019). This workflow was extended in a simple test case to link the 2D seismic cycle model to a three-dimensional earthquake rupture mode, which was then linked to a tsunami model  (Madden et al., EarthArxiv, doi:10.31223/osf.io/rzvn2). Here, we couple a 2D seismic cycle model to 3D earthquake and tsunami models and assess the geophysical aspects of this coupling. We extract all 2D material properties, stresses and the strength of the megathrust, and its geometry, from the seismic cycling model at a time step right before a typical megathrust event to use as initial conditions for the 3D dynamic rupture models. We explore the effects of along-arc variations of megathrust curvature, sediment content, and closeness to failure of the wedge on earthquake dynamics by studying the effects on slip, rupture velocity, stress drop and seafloor deformation.</p><p>In a next step, the dynamic seafloor displacements are linked to tsunami simulations that use depth-integrated (hydrostatic) shallow water equations. This approach efficiently models wave propagations and large-scale horizontal flows. We also present novel, fully coupled 3D dynamic rupture-tsunami simulations (Krenz et al., AGU19; Abrahams et al., AGU19; Lotto and Dunham et al., 2015, Computational Geosciences) which solve simultaneously for the solid earth and ocean response, taking gravity into account via a modified free surface boundary condition.</p><p>Earthquake rupture modeling and the fully-coupled tsunami modeling utilize SeisSol (www.seissol.org), a flagship code of the ChEESE project (www.cheese-coe.eu). SeisSol is an open source software package using unstructured tetrahedral meshes that are optimally suited for the complex geometries of subduction zones. The here presented links between geodynamic subduction and seismic cycling model with earthquake dynamics and tsunami models better account for the complexity of subduction zones and help evaluate the effects of along arc heterogeneities on earthquake and tsunami behavior and advance physics-based assessments of earthquake-tsunami hazards.</p>

scholarly journals Earthquake makes waves for tsunami models

Nature ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 425 (6959) ◽  
pp. 649-649 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Cyranoski
Keyword(s):  
Tsunami Models

scholarly journals A new model for submarine volcanic collapse formation

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Engels ◽  
Margo H. Edwards ◽  
Daniel J. Fornari ◽  
Michael R. Perfit ◽  
Johnson R. Cann
Keyword(s):  
New Model ◽  
Volcanic Collapse

Impacts of catastrophic volcanic collapse on the erosion and morphology of a distal fluvial landscape: Hautapu River, Mount Ruapehu, New Zealand

2014 ◽  
Vol 127 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 266-280 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Tost ◽  
S.J. Cronin ◽  
J.N. Procter ◽  
I.E.M. Smith ◽  
V.E. Neall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Mount Ruapehu ◽  
Fluvial Landscape ◽  
Volcanic Collapse

Defining the source region of the Indian Ocean Tsunami from GPS, altimeters, tide gauges and tsunami models

2007 ◽  
Vol 261 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 49-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie Pietrzak ◽  
Anne Socquet ◽  
David Ham ◽  
Wim Simons ◽  
Christophe Vigny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Source Region ◽  
Indian Ocean Tsunami ◽  
Tide Gauges ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Tsunami Models

scholarly journals Methods and Test Cases for Linking Physics-Based Earthquake and Tsunami Models

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Madden ◽  
Michael Bader ◽  
Jörn Behrens ◽  
Ylona van Dinther ◽  
Alice-Agnes Gabriel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Cases ◽  
Tsunami Models
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