scholarly journals Dating Lava Domes in California's Salton Trough

Eos ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terri Cook
Keyword(s):  
Salton Trough ◽  
Lava Domes ◽  
Rhyolite Volcanism

Scientists use a trio of techniques to resolve the age and duration of rhyolite volcanism of the Salton Buttes.

The stability and collapse of lava domes: insight from UAS-derived 4D structure and slope stability models

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett Carr ◽  
Einat Lev ◽  
Loÿc Vanderkluysen ◽  
Danielle Moyer ◽  
Gayatri Marliyani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Slope Stability ◽  
Lava Domes ◽  
The Stability

scholarly journals The hydrothermal alteration of cooling lava domes

2015 ◽  
Vol 77 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Ball ◽  
Philip H. Stauffer ◽  
Eliza S. Calder ◽  
Greg A. Valentine
Keyword(s):  
Hydrothermal Alteration ◽  
Lava Domes

scholarly journals Effusive Monogenetic Volcanism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugo Murcia ◽  
Károly Németh
Keyword(s):  
Classification Scheme ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Lava Flows ◽  
Magma Ascent ◽  
Explosive Activity ◽  
Monogenetic Volcanism ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Lava Domes ◽  
Tectonic Settings ◽  
Monogenetic Volcanoes

The study of monogenetic volcanism around Earth is rapidly growing due to the increasing recognition of monogenetic volcanic edifices in different tectonic settings. Far from the idea that this type of volcanism is both typically mafic and characteristic from intraplate environments, it occurs in a wide spectrum of composition and geological settings. This volcanism is widely known by the distinctive pyroclastic cones that represent both magmatic and phreatomagmatic explosive activity; they are known as scoria or spatter cones, tuff cones, tuff rings, maars and maar-diatremes. These cones are commonly associated with lava domes and usually accompanied by lava flows as part of their effusive eruptive phases. In spite of this, isolated effusive monogenetic emissions also appear around Earth’s surface. However, these isolated emissions are not habitually considered within the classification scheme of monogenetic volcanoes. Along with this, many of these effusive volcanoes also contrast with the belief that this volcanism is indicative of rapidly magma ascent from the asthenosphere, as many of the products are strongly evolved reflecting differentiation linked to stagnation during ascent. This has led to the understanding that the asthenosphere is not always the place that directly gives rise to the magma batches and rather, they detach from a crustal melt storage. This chapter introduces four singular effusive monogenetic volcanoes as part of the volcanic geoforms, highlights the fact that monogenetic volcanic fields can also be associated with crustal reservoirs, and outlines the processes that should occur to differentiate the magma before it is released as intermediate and acidic in composition. This chapter also provides an overview of this particular volcanism worldwide and contributes to the monogenetic comprehension for future studies.

Influence of conduit flow mechanics on magma rheology and the growth style of lava domes

2018 ◽  
Vol 213 (3) ◽  
pp. 1768-1784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taha Husain ◽  
Derek Elsworth ◽  
Barry Voight ◽  
Glen Mattioli ◽  
Pamela Jansma
Keyword(s):  
Conduit Flow ◽  
Lava Domes ◽  
Magma Rheology

scholarly journals Structural weakening of the Merapi dome identified by drone photogrammetry after the 2010 eruption

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 3267-3281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herlan Darmawan ◽  
Thomas R. Walter ◽  
Valentin R. Troll ◽  
Agus Budi-Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Collapse ◽  
Hydrothermal Alteration ◽  
Factor Of Safety ◽  
Lava Dome ◽  
Pyroclastic Flows ◽  
Infrared Images ◽  
Merapi Volcano ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Thermal Infrared Images ◽  
Lava Domes

Abstract. Lava domes are subjected to structural weakening that can lead to gravitational collapse and produce pyroclastic flows that may travel up to several kilometers from a volcano's summit. At Merapi volcano, Indonesia, pyroclastic flows are a major hazard, frequently causing high numbers of casualties. After the Volcanic Explosivity Index 4 eruption in 2010, a new lava dome developed on Merapi volcano and was structurally destabilized by six steam-driven explosions between 2012 and 2014. Previous studies revealed that the explosions produced elongated open fissures and a delineated block in the southern dome sector. Here, we investigated the geomorphology, structures, thermal fingerprint, alteration mapping and hazard potential of the Merapi lava dome by using drone-based geomorphologic data and forward-looking thermal infrared images. The block on the southern dome of Merapi is delineated by a horseshoe-shaped structure with a maximum depth of 8 m and it is located on the unbuttressed southern steep flank. We identify intense thermal, fumarole and hydrothermal alteration activities along this horseshoe-shaped structure. We conjecture that hydrothermal alteration may weaken the horseshoe-shaped structure, which then may develop into a failure plane that can lead to gravitational collapse. To test this instability hypothesis, we calculated the factor of safety and ran a numerical model of block-and-ash flow using Titan2D. Results of the factor of safety analysis confirm that intense rainfall events may reduce the internal friction and thus gradually destabilize the dome. The titan2D model suggests that a hypothetical gravitational collapse of the delineated unstable dome sector may travel southward for up to 4 km. This study highlights the relevance of gradual structural weakening of lava domes, which can influence the development fumaroles and hydrothermal alteration activities of cooling lava domes for years after initial emplacement.

scholarly journals Dome instability at Merapi volcano identified by drone photogrammetry and numerical modeling

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herlan Darmawan ◽  
Thomas R. Walter ◽  
Valentin R. Troll ◽  
Agus Budi-Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Gravitational Collapse ◽  
Gravitational Instability ◽  
Pyroclastic Flows ◽  
Fumarolic Activity ◽  
Structural Development ◽  
Merapi Volcano ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Lava Domes ◽  
Eventual Collapse ◽  
Southern Flank

Abstract. The growth of lava domes may cause gradual oversteepening and can lead to gravitational instability and eventual collapse to produce pyroclastic flows that may travel up to several kilometers from a volcano’s summit. At Merapi volcano, Indonesia, pyroclastic flows are a major hazard, frequently involving high numbers of casualties. After the VEI 4 eruption in 2010, a new lava dome developed on Merapi volcano and was structurally destabilized by six steam-driven explosions between 2012 and 2014. Previous studies revealed that the explosions produced elongated open fissures and a structurally delineated sector at the southern part of the dome complex. Here, we investigate the geometry, thermal fingerprint, and hazard potential of the delineated unstable dome sector by integrating drone-based geomorphologic data and forward-looking thermal infrared images. The sector located on the un-buttressed southern flank of the steep dome that is delineated by a horseshoe-shaped structure and we identify intense thermal and fumarolic activity along this structure, hosting the high temperatures of the current dome. From the morphology, structures, and thermal mapping, we conjecture that the horseshoe shaped structure may develop into a failure plane that could lead to gravitational collapse of the unstable dome sector. To further elaborate on this instability hypothesis, we calculate the factor of safety, and run a numerical model of the resulting block and ash flows depositional area using Titan2D. Results of factor of the safety analysis confirm dome instability, especially during typical rainfall events. The titan2D model suggests that a hypothetical gravitational collapse of the delineated unstable dome sector would travel southward for up to 4 km distance. This study highlights the relevance of structural development of lava domes, which can affect hazards even years after dome emplacement, and influences the development of thermal and fumarolic activity of cooling lava domes.

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