scholarly journals Salish Sea a Key Source of Regional Marine Nutrients

Eos ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Betz
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Large Fraction ◽  
Salish Sea ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Marine Nutrients

A new examination of nitrogen in the coastal waters off the Pacific Northwest shows that the Salish Sea delivers a large fraction of nutrients to shelf waters.

scholarly journals Book Reviews of "The New Beachcomber’s Guide to the Pacific Northwest", "A Field Guide to Marine Life of the Protected Waters of the Salish Sea", and "A Field Guide to Marine Life of the Outer Coasts of the Salish Sea and Beyond"

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 176
Author(s):  
Joel F. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Salish Sea ◽  
Field Guide ◽  
Marine Life ◽  
The Pacific

Book Reviews of:1) "The New Beachcomber’s Guide to the Pacific Northwest" by J. Duane Sept, 2019.2) "A Field Guide to Marine Life of the Protected Waters of the Salish Sea" by Rick M. Harbo, 2019.3) "A Field Guide to Marine Life of the Outer Coasts of the Salish Sea and Beyond" by Rick M. Harbo, 2019. 

scholarly journals On the Emergence of Cryptococcus gattii in the Pacific Northwest: Ballast Tanks, Tsunamis, and Black Swans

mBio ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Engelthaler ◽  
Arturo Casadevall
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Cryptococcus Gattii ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The North ◽  
Black Swans ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Ballast Tanks ◽  
Phylogenomic Analyses

ABSTRACT The appearance of Cryptococcus gattii in the North American Pacific Northwest (PNW) in 1999 was an unexpected and is still an unexplained event. Recent phylogenomic analyses strongly suggest that this pathogenic fungus arrived in the PNW approximately 7 to 9 decades ago. In this paper, we theorize that the ancestors of the PNW C. gattii clones arrived in the area by shipborne transport, possibly in contaminated ballast, and established themselves in coastal waters early in the 20th century. In 1964, a tsunami flooded local coastal regions, transporting C. gattii to land. The occurrence of cryptococcosis in animals and humans 3 decades later suggests that adaptation to local environs took time, possibly requiring an increase in virulence and further dispersal. Tsunamis as a mechanism for the seeding of land with pathogenic waterborne microbes may have important implications for our understanding of how infectious diseases emerge in certain regions. This hypothesis suggests experimental work for its validation or refutation.

scholarly journals Freshwater input to coastal waters off the Pacific Northwest

1973 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 683-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. REED ◽  
WILLIAM P. ELLIOTT
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Freshwater Input ◽  
The Pacific

A Wealth of Beads: Evidence for Material Wealth-Based Inequality in the Salish Sea Region, 4000–3500 Cal B.P.

2016 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 294-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Coupland ◽  
David Bilton ◽  
Terence Clark ◽  
Jerome S. Cybulski ◽  
Gay Frederick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Puget Sound ◽  
Salish Sea ◽  
Material Wealth ◽  
Strait Of Georgia ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Human Burials ◽  
Important Form ◽  
Puget Sound Region

AbstractArchaeologists working in the Salish Sea (Strait of Georgia and Puget Sound) region of the Pacific Northwest have unearthed human burials and non-mortuary features dated to 4000–3500 cal B.P. containing tens and even hundreds of thousands of stone and shell disc beads. Several sites are reported here, including burials recently excavated from site DjRw–14 located in the territory of the shíshálh Nation. We argue that the disc beads constituted an important form of material wealth at this time, based on the amount of labor that would have been required to produce them and the capacity for beads to accrue in value after their production. A model of material wealth-based inequality is developed for a period much older than many archaeologists working in the region have previously thought.

scholarly journals Seasonal Carbonate Chemistry Variability in Marine Surface Waters of the Pacific Northwest

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea J. Fassbender ◽  
Simone R. Alin ◽  
Richard A. Feely ◽  
Adrienne J. Sutton ◽  
Jan A. Newton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ocean Acidification ◽  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Open Ocean ◽  
Seasonal Cycles ◽  
Discrete Observations ◽  
Salish Sea ◽  
Carbonate Chemistry ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Marine Surface ◽  
Buoy Data

Abstract. Fingerprinting ocean acidification (OA) in U.S. West Coast waters is extremely challenging due to the large magnitude of natural carbonate chemistry variations common to these regions. Additionally, quantifying a change requires information about the initial conditions, which is not readily available in most coastal systems. In an effort to address this issue, we have collated high-quality, publicly-available data to characterize the modern seasonal carbonate chemistry variability in marine surface waters of the Pacific Northwest. Underway ship data from Version 4 of the Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas, discrete observations from various sampling platforms, and sustained measurements from regional moorings were incorporated to provide ~ 100,000 inorganic carbon observations from which modern seasonal cycles were estimated. Underway ship and discrete observations were merged and gridded to a 0.1° × 0.1° scale. Eight unique regions were identified and seasonal cycles from grid cells within each region were averaged. Data from nine surface moorings were also compiled and used to develop robust estimates of mean seasonal cycles for comparison with the eight regions. This manuscript describes our methodology and the resulting mean seasonal cycles for multiple OA metrics in an effort to provide large-scale, environmental context for ongoing research, adaptation, and management efforts throughout the Pacific Northwest. Major findings include the identification of unique chemical characteristics across the study domain. There is a clear increase in the ratio of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) to total alkalinity (TA) and in the seasonal cycle amplitude of carbonate system parameters when moving from the open ocean North Pacific into the Salish Sea. Due to the logarithmic nature of the pH scale (pH = −log10[H+], where [H+] is the hydrogen ion concentration), lower annual mean pH values (associated with elevated DIC : TA) coupled with larger magnitude seasonal pH cycles results in seasonal [H+] ranges that are ~ 27 times larger in Hood Canal than in the neighboring North Pacific open ocean. Organisms living in the Salish Sea are thus exposed to much larger seasonal acidity changes than those living in nearby open ocean waters. Additionally, our findings suggest that lower buffering capacities in the Salish Sea make these waters less efficient at absorbing anthropogenic carbon than open ocean waters at the same latitude. All data used in this analysis are publically available at the following websites: • Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas Version 4 coastal data, doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.866856; • National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) West Coast Ocean Acidification cruise data, doi:10.3334/CDIAC/otg.CLIVAR_NACP_West_Coast_Cruise_2007; doi:10.3334/CDIAC/OTG.COAST_WCOA2011; doi:10.3334/CDIAC/OTG.COAST_WCOA2012; doi:10.7289/V5C53HXP; • University of Washington (UW) and Washington Ocean Acidification Center cruise data, doi:10.5281/zenodo.1184657; • Washington State Department of Ecology seaplane data, 10.5281/zenodo.1184657; • NOAA Moored Autonomous pCO2 (MAPCO2) Buoy data, doi:10.3334/CDIAC/OTG.TSM_LAPUSH_125W_48N; doi:10.3334/CDIAC/OTG.TSM_WA_125W_47N; doi:10.3334/CDIAC/OTG.TSM_DABOB_122W_478N; doi:10.3334/CDIAC/OTG.TSM_TWANOH_123W_47N; • UW Oceanic Remote Chemical/Optical Analyzer Buoy data, doi:10.5281/zenodo.1184657; • NOAA Pacific Coast Ocean Observing System cruise data, doi:10.5281/zenodo.1184657.

Suitability of Natural Areas for Representing Ecological Change in the Pacific Northwest

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 452
Author(s):  
Margaret H. Massie ◽  
Todd M. Wilson ◽  
Anita T. Morzillo ◽  
Emilie B. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Ecological Change ◽  
Natural Areas ◽  
The Pacific
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