scholarly journals Direct measurements of the seasonality of emission factors from savanna fires in northern Australia

2012 ◽  
Vol 117 (D20) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Meyer ◽  
G. D. Cook ◽  
F. Reisen ◽  
T. E. L. Smith ◽  
M. Tattaris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emission Factors ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Direct Measurements ◽  
Savanna Fires

scholarly journals New emission factors for Australian vegetation fires measured using open-path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy – Part 2: Australian tropical savanna fires

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 6311-6360 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. L. Smith ◽  
C. Paton-Walsh ◽  
C. P. Meyer ◽  
G. D. Cook ◽  
S. W. Maier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Emission Factor ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Tropical Savanna ◽  
Tropical Savannas ◽  
Open Path ◽  
Savanna Fires

Abstract. Savanna fires contribute approximately 40–50% of total global annual biomass burning carbon emissions. Recent comparisons of emission factors from different savanna regions have highlighted the need for a regional approach to emission factor development, and better assessment of the drivers of the temporal and spatial variation in emission factors. This paper describes the results of open-path Fourier Transform Infrared (OP-FTIR) spectroscopic field measurements at twenty-one fires occurring in the tropical savannas of the Northern Territory, Australia, within different vegetation assemblages and at different stages of the dry season. Spectra of infrared light passing through a long (22–70 m) open-path through ground-level smoke released from these fires were collected using an infrared lamp and a field-portable FTIR system. The IR spectra were used to retrieve the mole fractions of fourteen different gases present within the smoke, and these measurements used to calculate the emission ratios and emission factors of the various gases emitted by the burning. Only a handful of previous emission factor measures are available specifically for the tropical savannas of Australia and here we present the first reported emission factors for methanol, acetic acid, and formic acid for this biome. Given the relatively large sample size, it was possible to study the potential causes of the within-biome variation of the derived emission factors. We find that the emission factors vary substantially between different savanna vegetation assemblages; with a majority of this variation being mirrored by variations in the modified combustion efficiency (MCE) of different vegetation classes. We conclude that a significant majority of the variation in the emission factor for trace gases can be explained by MCE, irrespective of vegetation class, as illustrated by variations in the calculated methane emission factor for different vegetation classes using data subsetted by different combustion efficiencies. Therefore, the selection of emission factors for emissions modelling purposes need not necessarily require detailed fuel type information, if data on MCE (e.g. from future spaceborne total column measurements) or a correlated variable were available. From measurements at twenty-one fires, we recommend the following emission factors for Australian tropical savanna fires (in grams of gas emitted per kilogram of dry fuel burned) which are our mean measured values: 1674 g kg−1 of carbon dioxide; 87 g kg−1 of carbon monoxide; 2.1 g kg−1 of methane; 0.11 g kg−1 of acetylene; 0.49 g kg−1 of ethylene; 0.08 g kg−1 of ethane; 1.57 g kg−1 of formaldehyde; 1.06 g kg−1 of methanol; 1.54 g kg−1 of acetic acid; 0.16 g kg−1 of formic acid; 0.53 g kg−1 of hydrogen cyanide; and 0.70 g kg−1 of ammonia.

scholarly journals New emission factors for Australian vegetation fires measured using open-path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy – Part 2: Australian tropical savanna fires

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 11335-11352 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. L. Smith ◽  
C. Paton-Walsh ◽  
C. P. Meyer ◽  
G. D. Cook ◽  
S. W. Maier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Fourier Transform ◽  
Formic Acid ◽  
Emission Factor ◽  
Fourier Transform Infrared ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Tropical Savanna ◽  
Tropical Savannas ◽  
Open Path ◽  
Savanna Fires

Abstract. Savanna fires contribute approximately 40–50% of total global annual biomass burning carbon emissions. Recent comparisons of emission factors from different savanna regions have highlighted the need for a regional approach to emission factor development, and better assessment of the drivers of the temporal and spatial variation in emission factors. This paper describes the results of open-path Fourier transform infrared (OP-FTIR) spectroscopic field measurements at 21 fires occurring in the tropical savannas of the Northern~Territory, Australia, within different vegetation assemblages and at different stages of the dry season. Spectra of infrared light passing through a long (22–70 m) open-path through ground-level smoke released from these fires were collected using an infrared lamp and a field-portable FTIR system. The IR spectra were used to retrieve the mole fractions of 14 different gases present within the smoke, and these measurements used to calculate the emission ratios and emission factors of the various gases emitted by the burning. Only a handful of previous emission factor measures are available specifically for the tropical savannas of Australia and here we present the first reported emission factors for methanol, acetic acid, and formic acid for this biome. Given the relatively large sample size, it was possible to study the potential causes of the within-biome variation of the derived emission factors. We find that the emission factors vary substantially between different savanna vegetation assemblages; with a majority of this variation being mirrored by variations in the modified combustion efficiency (MCE) of different vegetation classes. We conclude that a significant majority of the variation in the emission factor for trace gases can be explained by MCE, irrespective of vegetation class, as illustrated by variations in the calculated methane emission factor for different vegetation classes using data sub-set by different combustion efficiencies. Therefore, the selection of emission factors for emissions modelling purposes need not necessarily require detailed fuel type information, if data on MCE (e.g. from future spaceborne total column measurements) or a correlated variable were available. From measurements at 21 fires, we recommend the following emission factors for Australian tropical savanna fires (in grams of gas emitted per kilogram of dry fuel burned), which are our mean measured values: 1674 ± 56 g kg−1 of carbon dioxide; 87 ± 33 g kg−1 of carbon monoxide; 2.1 ± 1.2 g kg−1 of methane; 0.11 ± 0.04 g kg−1 of acetylene; 0.49 ± 0.22 g kg−1 of ethylene; 0.08 ± 0.05 g kg−1 of ethane; 1.57 ± 0.44 g kg−1 of formaldehyde; 1.06 ± 0.87 g kg−1 of methanol; 1.54 ± 0.64 g kg−1 of acetic acid; 0.16 ± 0.07 g kg−1 of formic acid; 0.53 ± 0.31 g kg−1 of hydrogen cyanide; and 0.70 ± 0.36 g kg−1 of ammonia. In a companion paper, similar techniques are used to characterise the emissions from Australian temperate forest fires.

scholarly journals Trace gas emissions from savanna fires in northern Australia

2010 ◽  
Vol 115 (D16) ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Paton-Walsh ◽  
N. M. Deutscher ◽  
D. W. T. Griffith ◽  
B. W. Forgan ◽  
S. R. Wilson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Gas ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Gas Emissions ◽  
Trace Gas Emissions ◽  
Savanna Fires

Emission factors of trace gases and particles from tropical savanna fires in Australia

2017 ◽  
Vol 122 (11) ◽  
pp. 6059-6074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maximilien Desservettaz ◽  
Clare Paton‐Walsh ◽  
David W. T. Griffith ◽  
Graham Kettlewell ◽  
Melita D. Keywood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Gases ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
Tropical Savanna ◽  
Savanna Fires

The effect of savanna fires on SAR backscatter in northern Australia

2004 ◽  
Vol 25 (22) ◽  
pp. 4857-4871 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Menges ◽  
R. E. Bartolo ◽  
D. Bell ◽  
G. J. E Hill
Keyword(s):  
Northern Australia ◽  
Savanna Fires

Seasonal variation and ecosystem dependence of emission factors for selected trace gases and PM2.5for southern African savanna fires

2003 ◽  
Vol 108 (D24) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Korontzi ◽  
D. E. Ward ◽  
R. A. Susott ◽  
R. J. Yokelson ◽  
C. O. Justice ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Trace Gases ◽  
Emission Factors ◽  
African Savanna ◽  
Savanna Fires

150. Estimating Emission Factors in a Capacitor Factory Using a Modified Two-Zone Model

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Feigley ◽  
N. Schnaufer ◽  
T. Do ◽  
E. Lee ◽  
M. Venkatraman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emission Factors ◽  
Zone Model
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