scholarly journals Time-history influence of global dust storms on the upper atmosphere at Mars

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (11) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Liemohn ◽  
Ava Dupre ◽  
Stephen W. Bougher ◽  
Matthew Trantham ◽  
David L. Mitchell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time History ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Upper Atmosphere

Hydrogen escape from Mars is driven by seasonal and dust storm transport of water

Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 370 (6518) ◽  
pp. 824-831
Author(s):  
Shane W. Stone ◽  
Roger V. Yelle ◽  
Mehdi Benna ◽  
Daniel Y. Lo ◽  
Meredith K. Elrod ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dust Storm ◽  
Atomic Hydrogen ◽  
Molecular Hydrogen ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Upper Atmosphere ◽  
Lower Atmosphere ◽  
Mars Atmosphere ◽  
Water Abundance ◽  
Neutral Gas ◽  
Standard Models

Mars has lost most of its once-abundant water to space, leaving the planet cold and dry. In standard models, molecular hydrogen produced from water in the lower atmosphere diffuses into the upper atmosphere where it is dissociated, producing atomic hydrogen, which is lost. Using observations from the Neutral Gas and Ion Mass Spectrometer on the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution spacecraft, we demonstrate that water is instead transported directly to the upper atmosphere, then dissociated by ions to produce atomic hydrogen. The water abundance in the upper atmosphere varied seasonally, peaking in southern summer, and surged during dust storms, including the 2018 global dust storm. We calculate that this transport of water dominates the present-day loss of atomic hydrogen to space and influenced the evolution of Mars’ climate.

scholarly journals Martian Dust Storms and Gravity Waves: Disentangling Water Transport to the Upper Atmosphere

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry S. Shaposhnikov ◽  
Alexander S. Medvedev ◽  
Alexander V. Rodin ◽  
Erdal Yiğit ◽  
Paul Hartogh
Keyword(s):  
Water Transport ◽  
Gravity Waves ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Upper Atmosphere

Effects of Local Dust Storms on the Upper Atmosphere of Mars: Observations and Simulations

2019 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 602-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Feng Qin ◽  
Hong Zou ◽  
Yu Guang Ye ◽  
Ze Fan Yin ◽  
Jing Song Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dust Storms ◽  
Upper Atmosphere ◽  
Local Dust

scholarly journals General circulation modeling of the Martian upper atmosphere during global dust storms

2013 ◽  
Vol 118 (10) ◽  
pp. 2234-2246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander S. Medvedev ◽  
Erdal Yiğit ◽  
Takeshi Kuroda ◽  
Paul Hartogh
Keyword(s):  
General Circulation ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Upper Atmosphere ◽  
Circulation Modeling

Variations in the Ionospheric Peak Altitude at Mars in Response to Dust Storms

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Girazian ◽  
Z Luppen ◽  
D D Morgan ◽  
F Chu ◽  
L Montabone ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cycle ◽  
Zenith Angle ◽  
Dust Storm ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Solar Zenith Angle ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Upper Atmosphere ◽  
Mars Express

Previous observations have shown that, during Martian dust storms, the peak of the ionosphere rises in altitude. Observational studies of this type, however, have been extremely limited. Using 13 years of ionospheric peak altitude data from the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding (MARSIS) instrument on Mars Express, we study how the peak altitude responded to dust storms during six different Mars Years (MY). We find that the peak altitude increased during regional dust storms in MY 27 and MY 33, and during the global dust storm in MY 28. In contrast, we find that the peak altitude did not increase during regional dust storms in MY 29 and MY 32, nor during the global dust storm in MY 34. Our results suggest that the response of the upper atmosphere and ionosphere to dust storms is dependent on several factors, including latitude, solar zenith angle, solar cycle conditions, and the magnitude of the dust storm.

Impact of atmospheric gravity waves on the Martian global water cycle during dust storms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitry Shaposhnikov ◽  
Alexander Medvedev ◽  
Alexander Rodin ◽  
Paul Hartogh
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Gravity Waves ◽  
Dust Storm ◽  
Water Cycle ◽  
Dust Storms ◽  
Upper Atmosphere ◽  
Atmospheric Gravity Waves ◽  
Global Water Cycle ◽  
Atmospheric Gravity ◽  
Global Water

<p>Effects of atmospheric gravity waves (GWs) on the global water cycle in the middle and high atmosphere of Mars during the global dust storms (Martian years 28 and 34) have been studied for the first time using a general circulation model. Dust storm simulations were compared with those utilizing the climatological distribution of dust in the absence of a GW parameterization. The dust storm scenarios are based on the observations of the dust optical depth by the Mars Climate Sounder instrument on board Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter. The simulations show that accounting for the influence of GWs leads to a change in the concentration of water vapor in the thermosphere. The most significant effect of GWs is twofold. First, cooling of the thermosphere at the poles leads to a decrease in the water vapor abundance during certain periods. Second, heating in the regions representing the main channels of water supply to the upper atmosphere (the so-called water "pump" mechanism) increases, on the contrary, its concentration. Since the temperature increase provides more intensive atmospheric mixing, and also expands the supply channel through an increase in saturation pressure. The dynamic balance of these basic mechanisms drives the changes in the distribution of water vapor in the upper atmosphere. Dust storms enhance pumping of water vapor into the upper atmosphere. Seasonal differences in the storm occurrences in different years allow for tracking the paths of water vapor transport to the upper atmosphere.</p>

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