scholarly journals Quantifying volcanic ash dispersal and impact of the Campanian Ignimbrite super-eruption

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. n/a-n/a ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Costa ◽  
A. Folch ◽  
G. Macedonio ◽  
B. Giaccio ◽  
R. Isaia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Campanian Ignimbrite ◽  
Ash Dispersal

scholarly journals The Campanian Ignimbrite Eruption: New Data on Volcanic Ash Dispersal and Its Potential Impact on Human Evolution

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. e65839 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn E. Fitzsimmons ◽  
Ulrich Hambach ◽  
Daniel Veres ◽  
Radu Iovita
Keyword(s):  
Human Evolution ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Campanian Ignimbrite ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
Ash Dispersal

scholarly journals The fate of volcanic ash: premature or delayed sedimentation?

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Rossi ◽  
Gholamhossein Bagheri ◽  
Frances Beckett ◽  
Costanza Bonadonna
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Theoretical Description ◽  
Particle Sedimentation ◽  
Weather Modeling ◽  
Explosive Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Travel Distances ◽  
Ash Dispersal

AbstractA large amount of volcanic ash produced during explosive volcanic eruptions has been found to sediment as aggregates of various types that typically reduce the associated residence time in the atmosphere (i.e., premature sedimentation). Nonetheless, speculations exist in the literature that aggregation has the potential to also delay particle sedimentation (rafting effect) even though it has been considered unlikely so far. Here, we present the first theoretical description of rafting that demonstrates how delayed sedimentation may not only occur but is probably more common than previously thought. The fate of volcanic ash is here quantified for all kind of observed aggregates. As an application to the case study of the 2010 eruption of Eyjafjallajökull volcano (Iceland), we also show how rafting can theoretically increase the travel distances of particles between 138–710 μm. These findings have fundamental implications for hazard assessment of volcanic ash dispersal as well as for weather modeling.

scholarly journals Forecasting volcanic ash dispersal and coeval resuspension during the April–May 2015 Calbuco eruption

2016 ◽  
Vol 321 ◽  
pp. 44-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Reckziegel ◽  
E. Bustos ◽  
L. Mingari ◽  
W. Báez ◽  
G. Villarosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Ash Dispersal

scholarly journals Volcanic ash forecast using ensemble-based data assimilation: the Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter coupled with FALL3D-7.2 model (ETKF-FALL3D, version 1.0)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soledad Osores ◽  
Juan Ruiz ◽  
Arnau Folch ◽  
Estela Collini
Keyword(s):  
Kalman Filter ◽  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Source Parameters ◽  
Joint Estimation ◽  
Volcanic Ash Cloud ◽  
Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter ◽  
Ensemble Transform ◽  
Ash Cloud ◽  
Ash Dispersal

Abstract. Quantitative volcanic ash cloud forecasts are prone to uncertainties coming from the source term quantification (e.g. eruption strength or vertical distribution of the emitted particles), with consequent implications on operational ash impact assessment. We present an ensemble-based data assimilation and forecast system for volcanic ash dispersal and deposition aimed at reducing uncertainties related to eruption source parameters. The FALL3D atmospheric dispersal model is coupled with the Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter (ETKF) data assimilation technique by combining ash mass loading observations with ash dispersal simulations in order to obtain a better joint estimation of 3D ash concentration and source parameters. The ETKF-FALL3D data assimilation system is evaluated performing Observation System Simulation Experiments (OSSE) in which synthetic observations of fine ash mass loadings are assimilated. The evaluation of the ETKF-FALL3D system considering reference states of steady and time-varying eruption source parameters shows that the assimilation process gives both better estimations of ash concentration and time-dependent optimized values of eruption source parameters. The joint estimation of concentrations and source parameters leads to a better analysis and forecast of the 3D ash concentrations. Results show the potential of the methodology to improve volcanic ash cloud forecasts in operational contexts.

Development of python-FALL3D: a modified procedure for modelling volcanic ash dispersal in the Asia-Pacific region

2012 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 821-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. N. Bear-Crozier ◽  
Nugraha Kartadinata ◽  
Anjar Heriwaseso ◽  
Ole Nielsen
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Pacific Region ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
Ash Dispersal

scholarly journals Modelling the Effect of Electrification on Volcanic Ash Aggregation

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Pollastri ◽  
Eduardo Rossi ◽  
Costanza Bonadonna ◽  
Jonathan P. Merrison
Keyword(s):  
Volcanic Ash ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Quantitative Model ◽  
Coulomb Interactions ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Explosive Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Oppositely Charged ◽  
Ash Dispersal

The fine ash released into the atmosphere (particles <63 μm) during explosive volcanic eruptions represents a significant threat for both the ecosystem and many sectors of society. In order to mitigate the associated impact, ash dispersal models need to accurately estimate ash concentration through time and space. Since most fine ash sediments in the form of aggregates, ash dispersal models require a quantitative description of ash aggregation. The physical and chemical processes involved in the collision and sticking of volcanic ash have been extensively studied in the last few decades. Among the different factors affecting volcanic particle aggregation (e.g., turbulence, particle-particle adhesion, presence of liquid and solid water), the charge carried by volcanic particles has been found to play a crucial role. However, Coulomb interactions are not yet taken into account in existing models. In order to fill this gap, we propose a strategy to take charge into account. In particular, we introduce a quantitative model for aggregation of oppositely charged micron—to millimetre-sized objects settling in still air. Our results show that the presence of charge considerably enhances the collision efficiency when one of the colliding objects is very small (<20 µm), and that the sticking efficiency is not affected by particle charge if colliding objects are either small enough (<20 µm) or large enough (>200 µm). Besides providing a theoretical framework to quantify the effect of charge, our findings demonstrate that aggregation models that do not account for electrification significantly underestimate the amount of fine ash that sediments in the form of aggregates, leading to an overestimation of the residence time of fine ash in the atmosphere after explosive volcanic eruptions.

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