scholarly journals Inequalities in the networks of virtual water flow

Eos ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 93 (32) ◽  
pp. 309-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel Carr ◽  
Paolo D'Odorico ◽  
Francesco Laio ◽  
Luca Ridolfi ◽  
David Seekell
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Virtual Water Flow

Estimation of the virtual water trade between two Spanish regions: Castilla-la Mancha and Murcia

2010 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 831-840 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángel De Miguel ◽  
Eloy García ◽  
Irene De Buestamante
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Food Processing ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Water Transfer ◽  
Water Efficiency ◽  
International Context ◽  
Water Flows ◽  
Spanish Regions ◽  
La Mancha ◽  
Virtual Water Flow

Virtual water is defined as the water needed to produce a product. We can use virtual water flow calculations to estimate the water efficiency of a country, as well as its economic dependence on water resources. Former studies on this area have focused on quantifying the virtual water flows between countries, in an international context. In this study we reduce the action framework to regions within a country, determining the virtual water balance between two Spanish regions: Castilla-La Mancha and Murcia. In 2004, Castilla-La Mancha exported to Murcia 2,453,442 tons of commercial products, from which 1,191,628 tons were agricultural goods. In terms of virtual water, it means 1,365 hm3, including food-processing, and industrial products. It is necessary to add 350 hm3 to the result, because of the water transfer (Tajo-Segura transfer) between the rivers basins of these regions, so the final virtual water number, in 2004, was 1,715 hm3. The other way round, Murcia exported in 2004 2,069,000 tons of products, from which 490,351 tons were agricultural goods. That supposes 712 hm3 of virtual water. Virtual water flow is unbalanced and displaced towards Murcia with a difference of 1,003 hm3.

scholarly journals Optimization of virtual water flow via grain trade within China

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 25-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zongzhi Wang ◽  
Lingling Zhang ◽  
Qing Zhang ◽  
Yi-Ming Wei ◽  
Jin-Wei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Grain Trade ◽  
Virtual Water Flow

The virtual Water flow of crops between intraregional and interregional in mainland China

2018 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 204-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
YiCheng Fu ◽  
Jinyong Zhao ◽  
Chengli Wang ◽  
Wenqi Peng ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Mainland China ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Virtual Water Flow

Virtual water flow feature of water-rich province and the enlightenments: Case of Yunnan in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 235 ◽  
pp. 328-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huijuan Dong ◽  
Yong Geng ◽  
Dong Hao ◽  
Yanhong Yu ◽  
Yihui Chen
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Flow Feature ◽  
Virtual Water Flow

scholarly journals Virtual water flow pattern of grain trade and its benefits in China

2019 ◽  
Vol 223 ◽  
pp. 445-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zongzhi Wang ◽  
Lingling Zhang ◽  
Xueli Ding ◽  
Zhifu Mi
Keyword(s):  
Flow Pattern ◽  
Water Flow ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Grain Trade ◽  
Virtual Water Flow

Regional Analysis of Virtual Water Flow in View of Crop Consumption

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 ◽  
pp. 86-93
Author(s):  
Young Deuk Kim ◽  
Sung Hee Lee ◽  
Norihiro Itsubo ◽  
Yuya Ono
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Regional Analysis ◽  
Virtual Water ◽  
Virtual Water Flow
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